Planting method and matters needing attention of auricularia auricula?

Cultivation method of auricularia auricula

The popularization of artificial cultivation technology of auricularia auricula promoted the development of sawdust cultivation technology. Using sawdust to cultivate auricularia auricula can save a lot of wood and reduce production cost, which is a very economical cultivation method.

Using sawdust to cultivate and produce auricularia auricula, there are roughly three cultivation forms:

1, in-bottle block culture method: in-bottle block culture method, referred to as bottle culture method. Move the sawdust cultivated seeds covered with hyphae to a low-temperature culture room or protective equipment, and take off the bottle cap, so that the bottle mouth is up and arranged neatly. The indoor temperature should be kept at 20-28℃, and the air relative humidity should be controlled at about 80-95%.

2. Brick-shaped block cultivation method: the cultivation material containing a large amount of auricularia auricula mycelium is dug out of the bottle, put into a small wooden box, and covered with plastic film. When packaging, some sterilized fresh sawdust can be mixed at the same time, which is helpful to increase the nutritional components of the cultivation materials, prolong the time of heading and improve the yield. Compacting and flattening the cultivation materials with wooden boards to a thickness of about 7- 10 cm, and moving them to a greenhouse at 22-28℃ for another week. When the mycelium has recovered and recombined into a whole, it is poured out of the wooden box and cut into brick-like blocks with a knife, which is slightly smaller than the building bricks. Stand these brick-shaped bricks horizontally in the shallow pit dug in advance. Pit depth 15cm, width 1m, and length as required. The bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of clean sand. There should be a certain gap between blocks. ; Finally, cover the pit with plastic film. After into the pit, the plastic film can be uncovered, and clear water can be sprayed once every morning and evening to keep the block in a "dry and wet" state. According to the weather, you can open the cover for ventilation around noon. When a large number of fruiting bodies have been formed, water should be sprayed twice a day to increase the amount of water appropriately and control the appropriate humidity. At the same time, we should pay attention to adjusting the air and light conditions to promote the rapid growth of fruiting bodies. During the cultivation of Auricularia auricula, miscellaneous bacteria and pests often occur, resulting in production losses. Especially under the conditions of extensive management and high temperature and humidity, pests and diseases often occur seriously or even fail to harvest. The common pests of auricularia auricula include fish worms, shellfish worms, rice weevils, slugs, small mallows, jumping worms and coconut worms; The common miscellaneous bacteria that harm auricularia auricula include carbon capture bacteria, fungi, Coriolus versicolor, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Schizophyllum, vermilion and so on. The prevention and control of pests and diseases of auricularia auricula should focus on prevention, comprehensive management, improve the ability of auricularia auricula to resist pests and diseases, reduce the occurrence conditions of pests and diseases, and control with chemical agents. The main measures are: improving the ability of auricularia auricula to engage in pests and diseases; 1, breeding strains with high quality, high yield and strong stress resistance. 2. Create temperature, humidity and nutritional conditions suitable for the growth of Auricularia auricula, so that Auricularia auricula itself has a strong ability to compete with miscellaneous bacteria. (2) Conditions for reducing the growth of pests and diseases: 1. Clean the ear field. Spray carbendazim or mushroom liquid around the ear shed and walkway once a week to keep the breeding environment clean and sanitary and reduce the chance of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria. 2, ear room, ear field must be well ventilated, convenient drainage. 3, must strictly do a good job of ear field and culture room and sterilization, inoculation and other aspects of disinfection work. 3, 1, sterilization. After bagging, it must be sterilized to inoculate auricularia auricula. At present, soil steamer is commonly used for sterilization, which can sterilize 500 ~ 800 bags at a time. When sterilizing, the materials in the pot should not be arranged too closely, so that the steam can flow smoothly and the sterilization can be thorough. The sterilization time is 8 ~ 12 hours. So as to prevent air leakage during sterilization; Otherwise, the required temperature in the pot will not be reached, which will affect the sterilization effect. Three, two, vaccination. The size of the inoculation room can be determined according to the inoculation amount. Generally, every 5-6 square meters can be inoculated with 1000 bags. If possible, a cooling chamber can be set up, and the sterilization bag can be inoculated after cooling to about 30℃ in the cooling chamber. Disinfect the inoculation room 65438+ 0-2 days before inoculation. The specific methods are as follows: ① Sprinkle lime everywhere in the inoculation room. ② Place 5-6 piles of mixture of sulfur and sawdust, ignite and smoke for 24 hours. ③ Smoked with 5- 10 ml formaldehyde and 5 g potassium permanganate for 24 hours. Before inoculation, tweezers, inoculation forceps and other inoculation tools should be wiped with 75% alcohol and then ignited for disinfection. Operators should wash their hands with soap and wipe them with medical alcohol. During inoculation, the strain is made into the size of corn kernels, and it is taken out with tweezers. One hand opens the cotton plug of the culture bag, and the other hand puts the strain into the bag. Generally, 4-5 tablets are placed in the culture hole, 4-5 tablets are placed around the upper part of the bag, and then pressed outward by hand to make the bacteria fully contact with the culture material. Easy to germinate. Finally, put a cotton plug on it. 4. Highly contagious auricularia, fungus bags, fungus bottles and fungus bricks should be burned in isolation. (3), chemical control: 1, with 2% quicklime brushing harmful parts of miscellaneous bacteria can inhibit the spread of miscellaneous bacteria. 2. If the green mold occurs on the surface of the culture medium and has not penetrated into the culture medium, scrub the affected area with lime water with PH 10 to control the growth of the green mold. 3. If yellow, red, green and blue patches are found in the bag, it is miscellaneous bacteria. The lighter ones can be injected into the affected area and moved to another room for separate culture, and there is still a certain yield.