Which uprising disintegrated Qin's rule in the East, and what was the final outcome?

I. Background After the Qin Dynasty achieved national reunification, it did not practice recuperation, but increased the burden on the people. After reunification, the labor force in the Qin Dynasty did not decrease. According to historical records, Qin Shihuang used more than 700,000 people to build Mount Li, 500,000 people to defend Baiyue in the south and 400,000 people to build the Great Wall in the north. Coupled with the construction of large-scale projects such as Epang Palace and Equator, the corvee collected in the Qin Dynasty reached more than 3 million annually, accounting for 15% of the total population. These heavy corvees have made the people in the world complain bitterly. There are "one house and one house dying in front of the emperor" and "be careful not to raise men, and women will eat milk." No Great Wall, dead bodies everywhere. "Folk songs such as" Wei Shui Bubei "reflect that the social contradictions at that time were already very sharp.

Build the Great Wall

During the Qin Shihuang period, some civil rebellions against tyranny broke out. In 2 16 BC, Qin Shihuang was attacked by an assassin in Xianyang and had to be under martial law in Guanzhong area for 20 days. In 2 1 1 year BC, someone carved the spell "the first emperor died and divided the world" on a meteorite in Dong Jun, and all the residents around the meteorite were killed. Someone cursed the death of Qin Shihuang's envoy in Huayin. At the same time, the nobles of the six countries destroyed by Qin Shihuang were quietly gathering strength to prepare for the restoration of the six countries. 2 18 years ago, Sean, the descendant of North Korean Prime Minister, failed to assassinate Qin Shihuang in Gubolangsha, Wu Yang County, and had to remain anonymous and wait for the opportunity.

Qin Shi Huang

In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang died and Qin Ershi Hu Hai succeeded to the throne. Qin Ershi is one of the most fatuous emperors in the history of China. During his administration, contradictions among the people became more intense and people became alienated from each other. After he came to power, he used treacherous court official Zhao Gao, but officials dared not speak. He killed dozens of imperial brothers and sisters and the Montessori family, making the rule more isolated. He also accelerated the huge project that Qin Shihuang failed to complete, making tax collection and corvee more arduous. During Qin Ershi's period, the wave of people's opposition kept rising, which made "the people complained and their families were ugly".

Epang Palace

During Qin Ershi's time, the situation was already "events cast their shadows before them". At that time, many farmers openly became thieves in order to escape the corvee. Historical records record that "all the mountains were thieves" at that time. One of the most famous is Ying Bu, who was originally recruited to build the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor. After he escaped, he got entangled with some torturers and became a hooligan. Other famous robbers include Peng Yue. Liu bang was on his way to Xianyang when he was detained. Because the prisoner escaped, Liu Bang had to flee. The biography of Hanshu Jia Shan said that there were five out of ten people who wanted to rebel at that time. Although this record is somewhat exaggerated, it can also reflect how bad people's living environment was at that time.

Second, Daze Township Uprising In 209 BC, Qin Ershi enlisted more than 900 troops to defend the border in Yuyang. Lu Zuo is a dependent nation without land, and generally does not recruit them. Bobby Chen is one of the recruits. Chen Sheng has been attached to the people since he was a child, but he has great ambitions. He once said, "When you get rich, you forget everything." Swallows know the ambition of swans.

It was July in summer. When the team arrived in osawa Township, Qixian County, it was caught in heavy rain and could not move forward. According to the provisions of the Qin law, it is a capital crime to guard against delay, but if special weather cannot arrive, this levy can also be cancelled. However, the commanders of the two armies at that time were very harsh and did not cancel the conscription. So Bobby Chen and Guangwu decided to rebel. The two conspired to make some plans. First of all, under the banner of reviving Chu; Second, demagoguery through superstitious activities; Third, gain the support of other defenders by taking risks.

Bobby Chen

So they designed the event of "collecting books in the belly of a fish, lighting a fire and humming a fox". So, the two staged a bitter plan: Chen Sheng pretended to escape, the military commander pulled out a whip to kill Chen Sheng, and Guangwu took the opportunity to kill the military commander. Later, Chen Sheng said that "a prince would rather have seeds" and won the support of 900 other people, and elected Chen Sheng as the general and Guangwu as the captain. The two men announced that they would rebuild the State of Chu and started an anti-Qin uprising in the name of "Da Chu".

Chen Guang Uprising

Subsequently, the insurgents quickly occupied Qixian County, and many people nearby came to defect, and the team began to grow. Then it captured the five counties of Luo, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Qiao, with an army of more than 600 chariots, 65,438 cavalry and tens of thousands of infantry. Then, the rebels occupied Chenjun, the old capital of Chu, which is today's Huaiyang. Chen Sheng summoned Chen Jun's people and heroes to discuss the great event of rebuilding Chu. In the end, Chen Jun, who won in Chen, became king, taking "Zhang Chu" as the title and year, and initially established political power.

After the death of Chen Sheng, other places in the hometown of the six Kanto countries gathered in response and rose up in succession, and the rule of the Qin Dynasty in Kanto quickly collapsed. For example, Liu Bang of Pei County killed Pei County magistrate and occupied Xuzhou area; Xujun people responded in Huaibei and attacked Donghai County. Li Shang responded in Levin (Qixian), and the team quickly expanded to several thousand people; Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu killed Huiji County in Wuxian, and gathered 8,000 chosen men. Ying Bu, Peng Yue and other criminals, as well as Zuo Wu, the magistrate of Poyang County, also responded in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province. In Guangwu, the insurgents in Chen Sheng also grew rapidly. Chen Yu, Zhang Er, Confucius, Cai Mao and other old aristocrats all joined in, hoping to destroy the State of Qin.

Third, after the establishment of the failed uprising regime, Chen Sheng deployed a three-way strategic plan: the main force marched westward to attack the Guanzhong area of Qin State; The Northern Route Army led by and crossed the Yellow River and liberated Wei, Zhao, Qi and Yan. The Southern Army led by Deng Zong attacked Jiujiang County, trying to get in touch with Ying Bu and other troops. Among them, the main force attacking Guanzhong is divided into three branches. A group headed by Guangwu attacked Xingyang and tried to establish a stronghold to attack Qin. Liu Song led the way, starting from Nanyang and attacking Wuguan; One route, led by Zhou Wen, directly attacked Hangu Pass. After the strategy was formulated, the army set out according to the established strategy, and soon all the areas north of the Yellow River were "liberated", and the forces of Qin were basically eliminated in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River; Zhou Wen's army has entered Guanzhong and arrived in Xianyang. Only Xingyang city was besieged, but it was not captured. At that time, the rule of the Qin Dynasty in kanto region basically collapsed.

Chenguang uprising line

Just as the plan to destroy Qin was about to be realized, there was a split within the rebel army. In 209 BC, after Chen Yu and Zhang Er's Northern Route Army captured Handan, the ancient capital of Zhao, they made Chen Wu king of Zhao and became a local separatist regime. They didn't obey Chen Sheng's orders to go west into Guanzhong, but attacked the old place of Yan State, and later established Yan State here. Another North Road Army, after capturing Wei's hometown, also named Wei, an old aristocrat of Wei, as Wang Wei. The imperial clan of Qi also took the opportunity to stand on its own feet as the king of Qi. For a time, the six countries revived.

Chen Yu Zhang Er.

At this point, Qin began to fight back. Qin Ershi transferred 700,000 armed criminals from Mount Li in Zhang Han and began to go to the front to put out the fire. Soon, Zhou Wen's army was defeated by Zhang Han's army, because they were alone. Zhou Wen retreated to Lingbao County, held on for two months, and was finally wiped out by the Zhang Han army. Zhou Wen committed suicide. Subsequently, Wang Li led the 200,000 elite troops of the Qin Dynasty stationed in the Hetao area to the south and began to destroy Hebei. The rebels plunged into civil strife again. Guangwu, who besieged Xingyang, was killed by his subordinate Tian Cang, and finally the army was destroyed by Northern Zhang Han. Chen Yu and Zhang Er killed the prince of Zhao and made Zhao Xie the prince of Zhao. Chen Sheng, the king of Chu, gradually became extravagant and led a dissolute life. He forgot the words "be rich, don't forget each other" and killed his fellow villagers, causing people around him to stay away from him.

Han Zhang

In 10 and 209, after the army lifted the siege of Xingyang, it began to attack Chen with all its strength. However, at this time, Zhao in the north did not send troops to support him, and Deng Zong in the south could not help him. Soon after Chen was captured, Chen Sheng retreated to Mengcheng and was killed by his men. Then Zhou Jia surrendered to Qin Jun. After Chen Sheng's death, its remnants, under the leadership of Lv Chen, once recaptured Chen's land and killed Tsuojia. Later, he moved to Poyang Lake and joined the Ying Bu Army. After Chen Sheng's death, Shengzai Chen sent Song Liujun who attacked Wuguan to retreat to Xincai, and finally surrendered to Qin Jun, and Liu Song was divided. At this point, the Chen Guang uprising failed.