The oldest emperor in ancient China, Zhao Tuo, king of South Vietnam.

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty? He lived for 70 years and reigned for 54 years, which is long enough. Kangxi? He has 2/kloc-0 princesses and 24 princes, and he reigned for 6 1 year. It's not simple, but compared with our protagonist, they are still slightly inferior. There is only one emperor with the longest reign: Zhao Tuo, the military emperor of South Vietnam. He lived to 12 1 year, and reigned for 7 1 year.

Zhao Tuo has many titles. He was a general under Qin Shihuang and was called "the first cadre in the south" by Mao Zedong. He brought bloody killing, civilization and progress to the wild south.

They are the ancestors of Guangdong.

In 22 1 year BC, Wang Ben, a general of the State of Qin, rode out of the Xiongguan of the State of Yan and attacked the State of Qi on a large scale. Qi, which enjoyed peace for more than 40 years, was unable to fight back, and the people became prisoners. When the six countries were overthrown and the world was unified, Qin Shihuang suddenly found himself useless. As a person, he is never satisfied, but what is his next goal?

In fact, there are two goals: Xiongnu in the north and Baiyue in the south. Tough tarquin has been suffering for a long time. Baiyue lives with barbarians, eats their fur and drinks their blood. If you want to build a foundation for people of all ages, you can't leave them behind. It seems that the arrow is on the string. Comparing the two, of course, the north is strong and the south is weak, so the task of northern expedition to Xiongnu was handed over to Meng Tian, a general loyal to his family for generations, and the task of owning Baiyue was handed over to Tu Youyou, who was unknown. Tu Sui, a name that sounds fierce, was called Wei Tu Sui for the first time in history books. Wei sui is an ordinary rank, but it can be big or small. Liao Wei, the military adviser of Qin Shihuang, was a national commander, but the general commander was only a middle-level official. Destroy the six countries of Qin, and the generals are like clouds. Qin Shihuang left a bunch of useless generals. It is really incredible to choose this junior.

In a word, 500,000 troops were handed over to Tu Youyou, and the junior officer was completely stunned. At that time, Wang Jian, the first general of Qin State, conquered Chu with only 600,000 troops. There are still 100 people in the first emperor who are not at ease, forcing Wang Jian to buy a house and put on a look of no ambition. Tu has no feelings for a captain. How can he have virtue? However, this is a blessing that you will never be able to repair in your life.

However, both Qin Shihuang and Tu Youyou underestimated the enemy they were about to face. At that time, there were many primitive tribes in the south of Wuling, collectively known as Baiyue. Although covered in tattoos, you can't become a king, but you are brave and heartless, better than China. According to Tu Youyou's idea, if you want to get the job done in one fell swoop, you must do it quickly, so the soldiers are divided into five ways and go hand in hand:

The first road, from Xing 'an to Yuechengling, goes straight to Guilin;

The second road, from Mengzhuling in Jianghua, Hunan Province to the south, goes straight to Guangxi and Hexian County;

The third road, from Qitianling into the northwest of Guangdong, goes south along Lianzhou and goes straight to Panyu;

The fourth road, from Dayuling to northern Guangdong;

The fifth road, gathered in eastern Jiangxi Yugan.

Anyone with a discerning eye can see that this trip is not easy except for the hot-headed Turkish ear. Not to mention the hot weather, narrow space and difficult logistics. There are many problems in the plan of the Eastern Expedition: the Fifth Route obviously underestimates the enemy, while the first and second routes led by Tu Youyou marched into Guangxi, which was met with tenacious resistance from the An 'ou people.

Xi 'ou is a branch of Baiyue, which may still be in primitive society. It is true that backwardness is not afraid of death. Tu Youyou killed the leader of Xi 'ou in the first battle, but the local people became more and more desperate. Instead, Qin Jun was trapped in the mountains, unable to move. Tu Youyou was shot dead by an arrow. His men were either killed or died of illness or heat. The commander-in-chief died, and all the remaining defeated soldiers were defeated. There is no way out. In the rainy season, the ground is several feet deep. They can only wait for reinforcements, but they don't know that this is three years.

While Qin Shihuang was repairing the Great Wall, he was also planning another more meaningful project, the Mausoleum.

Lingqu has opened up ringing water and Lishui, enabling materials to reach the front line of the Southern Expedition smoothly. Tu Youyou's successor has also been determined, and that is Ren Tao. This man, like Tu Youyou, is of unknown origin, but he should be a general. His deputy is our first hero, Zhao Tuo, from Zhengding, Hebei Province, with few talents. /kloc-When he was 0/9 years old, he accompanied Qin Shihuang around the world.

Tao and Zhao ordered tuo together and sent hundreds of soldiers!

Unfortunately, at this time, Qin Jun is no longer a powerful force sweeping the six countries. The real soldiers are in the north, following Meng Tian to fight against the Huns. The army of the Southern Expedition is completely composed of dead people, son-in-law, Jia and other social scum. The so-called death is unemployment; Needless to say, in a society where men are superior to women, the door-to-door son-in-law is almost synonymous with the lower class; Jia people are very strange. Businessmen who pursue profits are born untouchables in Qin, which is dominated by agriculture, and they are indispensable for any hard or tired work.

The fighting capacity of such a crusade army can be imagined, but Ren Tao and Zhao Tuo are already in no way back, so they can only push forward desperately. They joined the primitive areas of Qin Jun and fought to the death with the Vietnamese. Fortunately, Lingqu continues to supplement the economy. By 2 14 BC, Qin Jun finally gained the upper hand in the final contest.

The conquered Lingnan provided the Qin Empire with three counties: Nanhai, Guilin and Xiangjun. Coach Ren Tao became the first commander-in-chief of Nanhai County and controlled Guilin and Xiangjun. Nanhai County governed Boluo, Longchuan, Panyu and Jieyang, located in Panyu, which is now Guangzhou. As for Zhao Tuo, Ren Tao named him the magistrate of Longchuan, and controlled the road to the Central Plains. Unless there are competent people guarding him, there will be no peace.

When the regime was established, what remained was colonization. If the population cannot be enriched, even if Lingnan is occupied, there will be no long-term stability, not to mention the physical problems of so many soldiers. As a result, Qin Shihuang urgently recruited fifteen thousand unmarried women and sent them to Lingnan. Those social scum under Ren Tao and Zhao Tuo took advantage of it. Fortunately, their son-in-law became the groom's official again, and their daughter-in-law was delivered to the door.

Immigration is difficult. Half the people in this country are busy building great buildings like the Great Wall and Epang Palace. Where are the idle people? Thus, in 2 13 BC, Qin Shihuang sent small officials who were corrupt and perverted the law. Isn't that enough? Simply put the former businessmen together, and finally even the parents and grandparents of the businessmen.

These are the ancestors of Guangdong people today, hundreds of thousands of unemployed people, door-to-door sons-in-law, illegal officials and businessmen, their seven aunts and eight aunts, and more than 10 thousand budding golden couples. What a strange combination! This situation is similar to the development history of Australia. At that time, Britain also regarded Australia as an exile. 1788 65438+ 10/8, Governor Philip led a team of 1500 people to Australia, half of whom were prisoners and half were soldiers.

The king of South Vietnam far away from the emperor.

Qin Shihuang wants to be the first emperor in the ages, but his country is not immortal. With the rise of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the six countries that perished were restored one after another, and the Qin Dynasty, which overused people's power, came to an end. For ordinary people, this is an eventful autumn, and for people with lofty ideals, this is an opportunity. For Ren Tao and Zhao Tuo, who actually rule Lingnan, they are also faced with three choices:

First of all, the diligent king

There are hundreds of thousands of troops in Lingnan Xanadu. To say that he is diligent, he also has this capital. But the Qin dynasty had no way to be violent, and the whole world was suffering. As the saying goes, if you commit a crime, you can't live, and the gods can't save him. Ren Tao didn't want to be buried with him.

Second, for righteousness

No one has come with Ren Tao for a long time. We don't know, but if the "Lord of the Southeast" goes north to compete for the world, it is not without opportunities. Ren Tao has no ambition. He doesn't want the remnants to show off.

Three. state power

Fiona Fang, thousands of miles away, can protect itself. Simply cut off contact with the Central Plains and let him wait until the world is stable. After careful consideration, Ren Tao decided to go the third way. In 208 BC, he was easily ill, so he specially invited Zhao Tuo to arrange a funeral for him. testament

Zhao Jiatuo certainly followed Xiaocao's instructions. He took over as the commander-in-chief of Nanhai County, annexed Guilin and Xiang Jun as scheduled, and then divided his troops to seal off the customs, cut off the road, and ruled behind closed doors. It is a great blessing for the people of Lingnan to enjoy peace in troubled times. Of course, from another perspective, this practice is also suspected of splitting the country. Nothing in the world is perfect.

For this newly rising southern power, the Han Dynasty, which rose from the Qin Dynasty, was also helpless. Liu Bang's first task is to heal the wounds of war. As for China's dignity, we can only consider it later. Sima Qian wrote Historical Records to take care of Emperor Liu's face. It is quite shocking to describe the generosity of the Han Dynasty and say that Liu Bang was spared his punishment because of China's efforts. The implication is that Liu Bang was too kind to kill Zhao Tuo. Ren Jun's image jumps from the page. In fact, Liu Bang's work to rehabilitate Wang and change his surname has never stopped. He spared Zhao Tuo because he was willing but unable.

It is impossible to conquer by force. Of course, you need a lobbyist. Liu Bang's choice is Lu Jia. This man is a professional diplomat in the Han Dynasty, and he is eloquent. He once explained to Liu Bang that "you can't rule the world at once", so it is certainly appropriate for him to perform the task. In BC 196, Lu Jia came to South Vietnam and had an interesting conversation with Zhao Tuo.

Today, Lu Jia must have made a detailed study of Zhao Tuo's psychology, so his words are progressive. First of all, Lu Jia solved the identity problem of Zhao Tuo. You are from China, because there is chaos in the world, and separatist regime is not a long-term solution. Secondly, Liu Jia boasted that Liu Bang was the only thrill in five years. In the end, Liu Jiawei and Liu Bang loved the people and were unwilling to use force. But if Zhao Tuo doesn't listen, send 100,000 people to destroy him, just like playing.

This is the surprise of Liu Jia's three shots. It's a pity that Zhao Tuo is not Yan Ni's aunt. Instead of listening to his nonsense, she asked herself how to compare with Cao Can, Xiao He and Han Xin. The Liu family sent a top hat. You are much better than them.

Zhao Tuo asked again, how am I better than Liu Bangqiang? Is this better than the son of heaven? Lu Jia's sarcasm without dirty words: The population of Han Dynasty was several hundred million, and the territory of Wan Li was in South Vietnam thousands of miles away. How to compare? Zhao Tuo is not at all: If I compete with Liu Bang in the Central Plains, I still don't know who will win or lose.

Both boasted and threatened, and both achieved their goals. Finally, Zhao Tuo expressed his willingness to join the Han Dynasty, and Liu Jia also showed his attitude, conferring him as the king of South Vietnam on behalf of Liu Bang. Of course, nothing has changed. This trend shows that Liu Bang and Zhao Tuo are great. Since you can't destroy each other, you must learn to get along. This is the highest realm of political wisdom. Unfortunately, peace only lasted for more than ten years. When they arrived at the Emperor Penguin, the weather changed.

Zhao Tuo, who rose from queen to queen mother, didn't like his withdrawn style and sent hundreds of military forces to crusade against him. Lu Jia said that100000 people can wipe out South Vietnam. This is nonsense, but Lv Zhi took it seriously. As a result, Zhou Zao couldn't even cross Wuling Mountain. Later, Lv Zhi died, Liu Jiaban was successfully restored, and Zhou would have suddenly quit. It is said that Zhao Tuo once wrote a letter to Zhou Zao, hoping to bury the hatchet. Unfortunately, this goodwill can't reach heaven. Zhou Zao moved troops, and Zhao Tuo was even more unreasonable. Before that, he had sent his troops to break through Changsha, and now he is trying to rob neighboring Fujian, Guangdong and Ouyue, becoming the Lord of Southeast China, and Zhao Tuo is no longer the king of South Vietnam. He began to call himself Emperor Wu.

Tyrant, this is an important signal, which shows Zhao Tuo's determination to fight the Han Dynasty to the end.

A personal letter from the emperor

Strong Lu has collapsed. What will happen in the Han Dynasty? This stalemate will test the newly enthroned Emperor China and his political wisdom.

Liu Heng, the 23-year-old emperor of the Han Dynasty, had a gentle temperament and social experience that was not commensurate with his status and age. He knew that Zhao Tuo could not be moved by him.

First of all, the letter clarified the identities of both sides, saying that "the emperor wants to ask the king of South Vietnam", without mentioning the fact that Zhao Tuo proclaimed himself, avoiding the most sensitive topic. Both sides have face, but also eased the opposition.

Emperor Wendi outlined the regime change after Liu Bang's death. Between the lines is humility, and even said that he was "blind, blindsided" and did not contact Zhao Tuo in time. Then, he blamed the bad relationship between Korea and Vietnam on the dead Lu. Next, Emperor Wendi showed his attitude by two measures: first, withdrawing the troops guarding South Vietnam; The second is to express condolences to Zhao Tuo's relatives in Zhengding, Hebei Province, and to renovate Zhao Tuo's ancestral grave.

After that, goodwill will be clarified for a very thorough reason. Getting involved in the war is not good for anyone. The son of heaven is rich all over the world and doesn't care about the rich land of South Vietnam. I'm just saying. An excellent way is not to have two days. When there is no second master in the country, only you will submit to the central government and enjoy peace.

This sincere letter shows Emperor Wen's painstaking efforts, and the sender is also an old friend of Zhao Tuo: Lu Jia. Of course, this is also an adventurous letter. If Zhao Tuo doesn't buy it, how can Emperor Liu Heng step down? Not long after he ascended the throne, the power is still in the hands of a group of elders, and it is doubtful whether he can sit on the throne.

In BC 180, Lu Jia, who had reached the age of listening, ordered a second trip to South Vietnam.

This time, Zhao Tuo was really moved. After 49 years in office, all his descendants revolved around him. It's time to take care of their old age. Doohan is just angry. Since Liu Heng is willing to lower himself, why does he insist on his own point of view? In order to show sincerity, Zhao Tuo announced the cancellation of his title as emperor, and asked Liu Jia to send a reply to Liu Heng.

This letter is also well written. Liu Heng is very low-key, and Zhao Tuo is even lower-key. He called himself a barbarian and wrote letters in the word "ignorant death", which was a bit foolish and loyal. In his letter, Zhao Tuo recalled the "kindness" of Gaozu and Hui Di dynasties, followed Liu Heng's example, and pushed the responsibility of breaking off diplomatic relations to Lushi, as if being proclaimed emperor was just driving him to revolt.

After a thorough explanation, Zhao Tuo vividly expressed his yearning for China, claiming that he had "never seen the beauty of the world, never heard the sound of bells and drums", because he could not serve the emperor and his life was boring. Finally, Zhao Tuo promised to remove the name of the emperor immediately, and said that "an old friend never dies, and his bones never rot", implying that he must keep his promise.

Attached to the letter is a list of gifts, including a pair of white jade, a thousand kingfishers, ten rhinoceros horns, 500 purple shells, a cassia twig, 40 pairs of jadeites and two pairs of peacocks. This goodwill has won Liu Heng enough face, which is gratifying. Two emperors separated by thousands of miles have a high sense of interest, which is the tacit understanding of real politicians.

For Zhao Tuo, he recognized the suzerain status of the Han Dynasty in exchange for stable bilateral relations. The only loss is his face. After all, he wants to do his duty as a vassal. Liu Heng also has reason to be happy. He solved the problem that 100,000 troops could not solve with a letter, won the opportunity for the country to recuperate, and consolidated his political position by the way.

Although this is a win-win relationship, there are still some people who are not satisfied, especially those who regard "whoever commits a strong crime in the Han Dynasty will be punished far away" as the golden rule. In their view, force is always the best way to solve problems. On the other hand, some Vietnamese later had similar ideas. The official history of Vietnam's Li Dynasty, Dashiyue Jiquan Book, praised Zhao Tuo, thinking that he expanded his territory to compete with the Han Dynasty and not let northerners take advantage. His merits are boundless, and the subtext is that it is better to defeat the Han Dynasty.

Of course, Zhao Tuo does not have these entanglements. He is old and wants nothing but peace with his people. With this mentality, he lived to 137 BC, the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, at the age of 12 1. After his death, the kingdom of South Vietnam lasted for four generations. 11year BC, which was finally destroyed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

many

The former makes Qin's fans very unhappy. They have been fantasizing about such a scene: the northern and southern armies of Qin returned at the same time, destroying Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. This is reasonable in theory, but it ignores one point: two generations of tyrants in Qin State, plus a Zhao Gao, are all disabled people. Why should Zhao Tuo work for them? As for returning to Han, it was a righteous act. At that time, the Han Dynasty had no capital to fight. If Zhao Tuo goes north to the Central Plains, plus the threat of Xiongnu, not to mention losing the glory of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, without Wenjing's rule.