Explanation of word formation in senior high school English

explanation of word formation in senior high school English

English word formation mainly includes synthesis, transformation, derivation, blending, truncation and acronym. The following is a word-formation explanation of high school English words for everyone to share. Come and learn.

1 transformation method

In English, some nouns can be used as verbs, and some adjectives can be used as adverbs or verbs. This method of using one part of speech as another part of speech without changing its form is called transformation method.

1) Verbs are transformed into nouns

Many verbs can be transformed into nouns, and most of them have little change in meaning (as follows); Sometimes the meaning changes (as follows); Some form a phrase with a verb and an indefinite article, indicating an action (as follows). Let's go out for a walk. Let's go for a walk outside.

he is a man of strong build. He is a strong man.

Let's have a swim.

2) Nouns are transformed into verbs

Many nouns representing objects (as shown in the following ①), body parts (as shown in the following ②) and certain people (as shown in the following ③) can be used as verbs to express actions, and some abstract nouns (as shown in the following ④) can also be used as verbs. For example:

①Did you book a seat on the plane? Have you booked a seat on the plane?

please hand me the book. Please pass me that book.

she nursed her hubband back to health. She nursed her husband and restored him to health.

we were lunched together. We had lunch together.

3) transforming adjectives into verbs

A few adjectives can be transformed into verbs. For example:

We will try our best to better our living conditions. We should try our best to improve our living conditions.

4) Adverbs are converted into verbs

A few adverbs can be converted into verbs. For example,

Murder will out. (Proverbs) Evil things will eventually be exposed.

5) Adjectives can be converted into nouns

Adjectives indicating colors can often be converted into nouns (as shown in the following ①); Some adjectives, such as old, young, poor, rich, troubled, involved, etc., are used with the to indicate a class of people. When the subject is used, the predicate is plural (as follows). For example,

You should be dressed in black at the funeral. You should wear black clothes at the funeral.

The old in our village is living a happy life. The old people in our village live a happy life.

2 derivation

Adding a prefix before the root or a suffix after the root to form a new word with similar or completely opposite meaning to the original word is called derivation.

1) Prefixes

Except for a few prefixes, prefixes generally change the meaning of words without changing the part of speech; Suffixes generally change the part of speech without changing the meaning of words.

(1) Dis-,IL-,IM-,In-,IR-,MIS-,Non-,UN-and so on are commonly used to indicate negative meanings, and adding such prefixes in front of words often forms new words with opposite meanings. For example:

appear? Disappear disappears

correct? Incorrect incorrect

lead? Mislead leads wrong

stop? Non-stop non-stop

(2) Prefixes expressing other meanings are commonly used as a- (mostly predicative adjectives) and anti- (objection; Resistance), auto- (automatic), co-(* * with), en- (make), inter- (mutual), re- (again; Again), sub- (below; Second; Small), tele- (emphasizing distance), etc. For example:

alone's

autochart Auto Chart Auto Chart

Cooperative enjoy makes you happy

internet reuse

subway telephone

2) Suffix

English words can not only form new words by adding prefixes, but also add suffixes. Suffixes usually change the part of speech of words and form other parts of speech with similar meanings; A few suffixes will also change the meaning and become new words with the opposite meaning.

(1) The suffixes that form nouns are commonly used' You -ence, -(e)r/ -or (a person engaged in something), -ese (a person from a certain place), -ess (female), -ful (a? ), -ian (proficient? People), -ist (professionals), -ment (nature; State), -ness (nature; State), -tion (action; Process) and so on. For example:

Different from? Difference difference

write write? Writer writer

Japan Japan? Japanese Japanese

act performance? Actress actress

mouth? Mouthful, a sip of

music? Musician musician

(2) The suffixes that make up verbs are -(e)n (mostly used after adjectives), -fy (make? , -ize (make? Become). For example:

wide? Widen widens

beauty? Beautify beautifies

pure? Purify purify

real? Realize that

organ? Organize

(3) The suffixes that form adjectives are -al,

-able (capable), -(a)n (from a certain country), -en (mostly used after nouns indicating materials), -ern (directional), -ese (from a certain country), -ful,-(. ), -ly, -ous, -some, -y (for weather), etc. For example:

nature nature? Natural natural

reason? Rational makes sense

America America? American

China China? Chinese China people's

gold?

east east of golden gold? Eastern oriental

child child? Childish childish

snow? Snowy Snow's

(4) commonly used suffixes as adverbs are -ly (mainly used after adjectives to indicate the way or degree) and -ward(s) (mainly used after words indicating directions). For example:

angry is angry? Angry

arrived angrily? Towers towards? , to?

east east? Eastward eastward

(5) The suffixes of numerals are -teen (more than ten), -ty (more than ten) and -th (ordinal numbers). For example:

six six? Sixten sixteen? Sixteenth sixteenth

four fourth? Forty forty? Fortieth Fortieth

Synthesis Method

1. Synthetic Nouns

(Translation of Examples of Formation)

noun+noun weekend

noun+verb daybreak dawn

noun+gerund handwriting calligraphy

noun+transitive verb +er/ Or pain-killer painkiller

noun+preposition+noun editor-in-chief editor

pronoun+noun she-wolf female wolf

verb+noun t ypewriter

gerund+noun reading-room reading room

present participle+noun fl. Ying-fish flying fish

Adjective+Noun gentleman

Adverb+Verb outbreak

Preposition+Noun afternoon

2. Synthetic Adjective

.

noun+adjective snow-white

noun+present participle English-speaking English

noun +to+ noun face-to-face

noun+past participle man-made artificial

numeral+noun one-way single-line

numeral+noun+ Adjective two-year-old two-year-old

numeral+noun+ed five-story

verb+adverb see-through transparent

adjective+noun high-class advanced

adjective+noun +ed noble-minded noble

adjective+adjective lig. Ht-blue light blue

adjective+present participle good-looking good-looking

adverb+adjective ever-green evergreen

adverb+present participle hard-working

adverb+past participle well-known

adverb+noun fast-food specially provides fast food. The

preposition of meal service+noun downhill downhill

3, compound verb

(translation of the form)

noun+verb sleep-walk sleepwalking

adjective+verb white-wash whitewash

adverb+verb overthrow overthrow

4, Compound adverb

(translation of example words)

adjective+noun hotfoot in a hurry

adjective+adverb everywhere

adverb+adverb anyway

preposition+noun beforehand in advance

preposition+adverb however

5, Compound pronoun

(translation of composition form)

pronoun accusative+selfherselfherself

possessive pronoun +self myself

adjective+noun anything

6. Compound preposition

(translation of composition form)

adverb+noun inside in? Inside

preposition+adverb within? Within

adverb+preposition into

2 truncation method (abbreviation)

truncation method, that is, the word abbreviation, meaning and part of speech remain unchanged, mainly in the form of truncation, tail removal and truncation.

1. Truncation

telephone? phone

　aeroplane? plane

　omnibus? Bus

2. Truncation

mathematics? maths

　co-operate? co-op

　examination? exam

　kilogram? kilo

　laboratory? lab

　taxicab? Taxi

3, truncated

influence? flu

　refrigerator? fridge

　preion?

3 blending method (blending method)

blending method, that is, two words are mixed or each part is condensed to form a new word. The second half represents the main body; The first half represents attributes.

　news broadcast? Newscast news broadcast

television broadcast? Telecast TV broadcast

smoke and fog? Smog smog

helicopter airport? Heliport heliport

4 acronym

acronym, that is, a new word is formed by the initials of the word. There are two main pronunciations.