What problems should we pay attention to when planting macadamia nuts in our life?

Macadamia nut is a high-end cash crop in tropical and subtropical regions with strong adaptability. Suitable for planting in hills or flat land below1200m above sea level. Generally, the highest temperature in summer is not more than 35℃, and the highest temperature in winter is not less than 15℃, and the lowest temperature. Not less than 0 C. In addition, when planting macadamia nuts, we should pay attention to the following points: cultivation of high-quality seedlings, selection of garden construction, post-planting management, shaping and pruning.

1. There are varieties problems in planting macadamia nuts: on the one hand, the trees grow vigorously, but the fruits are very rare and even fruitless; On the other hand, growers did not choose seeds according to the local actual situation, and blindly followed the trend, resulting in a decline in total output.

2. There are problems in the nursing management of macadamia nut cultivation: First, many farmers plant their seedlings directly in dug pits without fertilizing after receiving them, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply, affecting the growth of seedlings and even leading to plant death. Secondly, in the process of tree growth, fruit trees should be pruned and reshaped to ensure light and ventilation, prevent pests and diseases and enhance their wind resistance.

3. Countermeasures to improve the management level of macadamia nut planting;

(1) Variety selection: When farmers introduce macadamia nuts, they should first work hard on variety selection to find out the growth characteristics and habits of each variety. For example, variety 344 (see figure 1) has symmetrical tree shape, few branches, small oval leaves, slightly curly leaves, ivory flowers and medium nuts. On the basis of mastering the advantages and disadvantages of each variety, try to choose seedlings with complete root system, high grafting interface, good compatibility between scion and rootstock, and no other pests and diseases, and check the excellent seed certificates such as label of origin and quarantine certificate.

(2) Reasonable close planting: In order to ensure the output of macadamia nuts, scientific and reasonable close planting must be carried out in the planting process, and the plant spacing, row spacing and the number of plants per unit area should be reasonably controlled according to the nature of the plot. Generally speaking, erect varieties are suitable for close planting, open varieties are suitable for sparse planting, and many varieties should be mixed.

(3) Scientific fertilization: First, apply base fertilizer during the seedling growth period. Base fertilizer is suitable for special bio-organic fertilizer for livestock manure and forest fruit. The amount of fertilization should be increased year by year according to the growth of tree age, and will not increase after 20 years. Trees below 15 should be fertilized around the crown shadow. Spread the fertilizer evenly in the soil and cover it with soil. /kloc-For trees older than 0/5, apply fertilizer in the pit along the crown shadow around the trunk.

(4) Platform on steep slope: Fertilization management on steep slope is easy to cause soil erosion. Therefore, it is necessary to build a platform year by year according to the mountainous terrain to maintain soil moisture, soil and fertility.

(5) Tree covering: Weeding and soil preparation are carried out regularly to ensure that there are no other weeds and leaves in the plot. Cover the tray under the ceiling to loosen the soil and keep moisture.

(6) Scientific interplanting: short-term cash crops such as peanuts and soybeans should be interplanted reasonably in the nut plantation to realize double production and double harvest of the nut industry and the under-forest industry.

(7) Pruning and shaping: The first step is to fix the trunk, generally 80 cm from the ground, trim branches to keep the trunk strong, and trim the trunk and branches every 40 cm to form a layer with developed branches to improve the fruit setting rate. According to the growth period and condition of fruit trees, combined with the scientific pruning and shaping of fruit trees, do a good job of thinning branches in winter. For the nut orchard with vigorous growth and too dense trees, some weak branches need to be pruned.

(8) Prevention and control of pests and rodents: The diseases of macadamia nuts mainly include stem rot, flower blight and rapid aging. Pests include macadamia nut scale, flower moth, litchi moth and so on.