Excuse me, do you know anything about raising native chickens?

Specialized chicken raising, farms should be more than 400 meters away from roads and rivers, and away from densely populated areas (villages, towns, factories, schools, residents and other livestock and poultry farms, etc.). ), convenient transportation, leeward and sunny, high and dry terrain, sufficient pollution-free water and convenient drainage. There should be a clear dividing line between farm land and the outside world, which is conducive to closed feeding. Orchards, bamboo gardens, tea gardens, Woods or artificial grasslands with good ecological conditions should be selected as grazing places to ensure that chickens can fully feed and facilitate activities.

In the second quarter, henhouse construction:

According to the economic situation and needs, both permanent and simple henhouses can be built. At present, farmers can adjust measures to local conditions, build a flat or laying hen house, manage feeding scientifically, and get big profits with small investment.

Farms are not allowed to visit, and farming utensils are not allowed to be taken out of the farming area. Pay attention to the sanitation of the site, and disinfect the site regularly (10- 15 days) or irregularly. Water and tanks (barrels) shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected for three days in summer and autumn and five days in winter and spring. Non-production personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the feeding area. When the production personnel enter the production area, they should change the sterilized work clothes, hats and shoes in the disinfection room, and then enter the production area after washing their hands for disinfection, so as to ensure the health of chickens.

Chapter II Incubation and brooding

The first section artificial incubation:

Put the sterilized eggs into a sterilized incubator (or a fire-resistant incubator), keep the temperature at 37-39℃ and the relative humidity at 65%, and take the first photo of the eggs on the fifth day of incubation to detect the eggs without sperm and dead sperm. On day 1 1- 15, the eggs were photographed again, and the stillbirth and the first egg without leakage were detected. After 19 days, the chicks were placed and transferred to the incubator. The temperature is 36.5-38.6℃ and the relative humidity is 70%. After 2 1 day, the chicks are hatched, and after the feathers are dried (within 24 hours), they are vaccinated to eliminate the weak chicks. Normal chicks are transferred to the hatchery.

Section 2: Raising Chickens

Raising chicks is a meticulous and important work, which not only affects the growth and development of chicks, but also affects the laying and meat production performance of adult chickens in the future. Artificial brooding can be roughly divided into two categories: plane brooding and three-dimensional brooding according to the area and space occupied by chicks. Therefore, to do a good job in raising chickens, we should pay attention to the following points:

1, select brooding season:

Spring chicken (March-May) is the best. In spring, the temperature is moderate, the air is dry and the sunshine time is long, which is convenient for chicks to move. Chickens have good physique, fast growth and high survival rate. In spring, chicks begin to lay eggs early, and the first creature lays eggs for a long time, and the eggs are large and large, which has high breeding value.

Summer chicks (June-August). In summer, it is easy to keep chicks warm and have a long illumination time. However, due to high temperature, heavy rain and high humidity, chicks are prone to get sick and the survival rate is low. If the feeding and management conditions are poor, the growth and development of chickens are hindered, and their physique is poor. They did not start laying eggs in that year, and the laying duration was short and the laying was few.

Autumn chicken (September-165438+1October). The external conditions are better than those in summer, with smooth development, early sexual maturity and early delivery, but the adult weight and egg weight are reduced and the laying time is short.

Winter chicks (65438+February to February of the following year). Long heat preservation time, indoor activities and lack of sufficient sunshine and exercise will affect the development to a certain extent, but there are fewer diseases, higher brooding rate, longer feeding time and higher feeding cost.

2, brooding house:

Prepare the nursery. The brooding room should be clean, sterile and ready for brooding. At the same time, prepare feed, bedding (the ground is flat, generally using bran, loose hair and broken grass) and medicines and appliances.

3. contemplative

(1) Drinking water and eating (drinking water before eating): When the water temperature is 15-20℃, 50g of glucose and 50g of vitamin G 1g are added to each liter of water for chicks to drink for the first time, and then110000 potassium permanganate solution (which can be changed to light) Chickens transported for a long distance are fed with 5% glucose and penicillin, or supplemented with vitamins and trace elements. Start eating at the right time When about 1/3 chicks have foraging performance, they can start eating. In order to improve the digestibility of chicks, after 1 week, a small amount of fine sand can be mixed in the diet (not more than 1%), or they can be fed freely in another plate. After 3-5 days, 1000 units of gentamicin and penicillin can be added to drinking water every time.

(2) Suitable temperature and light density

Temperature: Generally, the temperature required for brooding is relatively high, which is 26-33℃. The temperature drops from 33℃ to 365,438 0℃ in the first week after brooding, then to 3℃ every week, and then to outdoor room temperature in turn, which is the cooling time. Generally speaking, the cooling time of brooding is shorter in summer and longer in winter. The heat preservation temperature of adult chickens is relatively low, which is 15-20℃.

Humidity: Generally, the relative humidity is 60-70% in the first week, 55-60% in the second week, and then kept at 45-55% until the grazing environment is wet.

Illumination: 65438+24 hours illumination for 0-5 days, with light source 1W at intensity of 0.37m2, 1W per square meter after the 6th day, and 0.5W per square meter after the 2nd week. Grazing mainly uses natural light.

Density: It should be controlled within a suitable density. The suitable density of plane brooding is 50 per square meter in 3 days, 40 in 10 days and 30 in 20 days. Returning grazing to grassland, 1 mu orchard or forest and bamboo garden can graze 100-300 livestock.

Chapter III Feeding Management

Section 1 Feeding and Management of Thawed Chickens

Chickens have poor adaptability to the natural environment after cooling. When you move from the nursery to a new place, you should first keep a certain temperature (slightly lower than 65438 0℃ in the nursery), keep 30 birds indoors per square meter, and supply feed and enough water three times a day. After 30 days of age, chicks can be released for outdoor activities when the weather is fine, and put into the henhouse before sunset in the afternoon; You can graze all day after 40 days. Outdoor density shall not exceed 5 heads per square meter, and grazing shall be 300 heads per mu. Feed chicken feed before 30 days old, mix chicken feed and medium chicken feed after 30-40 days old, and feed medium chicken feed after 40 days old. If it is a backup breeder, feed the chickens after 50 days of age, provide clean and sufficient drinking water all day, and add preventive drugs to the drinking water three times a week. If you find a disease, treat it in time.

Section 2 Broiler Feeding Management

Chickens aged 2-5 months are adult chickens. The requirement of protein and energy in this feeding stage is low, with crude protein 17% and digestible energy of 2900 kcal/kg. Farmers with grazing conditions must combine grazing with supplementary feeding. If there are no grazing conditions, in addition to a certain area of outdoor sports venues, green feed should be supplemented. Each adult chicken consumes 0.075-0. 1 kg of feed and 0.06 kg of green feed every day, and supplies enough drinking water all day, and feeds preventive drugs 1-2 times a week; Grazing chickens are fed one-third of the daily consumption in the morning and two-thirds when they return to their nests in the afternoon; Commercial broilers should be fed with medium chicken feed, fenced and supplemented with green feed, which can not only maintain the delicacy and comprehensive nutrition of native chicken natural food, but also reduce unnecessary feed consumption. The feeding time of commercial broilers should not exceed 3.5 months, and the best slaughter weight is 1.5- 1.75 kg, which has the best benefit. Grazing sites should be selected in orchards, bamboo gardens, forest tea gardens or artificial grasslands, with 500 heads per mu 150-300, so as to prevent the harm of natural enemies during grazing. Chickens raised as backup breeders are raised in groups after 4.5 months of age.

Section 3 Feeding and Management of Adult Chicken

Adult chickens can be divided into commercial laying hens and breeders. Tengchong chickens are generally not used as commercial laying hens, because they only lay about 150 eggs a year, which is small in weight and strong in holding. There is little difference between breeding chickens and adult chickens, but the feed should contain crude protein 19%, digestible energy of 3000 kcal/kg, and moderate calcium and phosphorus, and the daily consumption is only 0.1-0.1kg. Breeding chickens should graze, increase exercise and improve the quality of breeding eggs. The ratio of male and female breeders is 1:8, and every 4 layers have an egg box. Eggs should be picked up frequently, disinfected on the same day and hatched. Breeding chickens are supplied with drinking water all day and preventive drugs once a week. After laying eggs for one year, breeders should be eliminated in time to obtain higher economic benefits.

The fourth quarter chicken immunization program

The whole process of chicks from hatching to elimination and sale must be carried out in accordance with immunization procedures to ensure the quality of chickens. The following immunization procedures are for reference.

Chicken immunization program

Matters needing attention in preparation of inoculation method for name of day-old inoculation disease (bacteria)

Within 24 hours after injecting Marek's vaccine of 1 day-old chickens from under the skin of the shell.

5-day-old Newcastle disease ⅱ strain and its two branches were dripped with eyes or nose.

12 day old chickens drink IBD attenuated vaccine water.

Vaccinate 20-day-old fowlpox vaccine in summer

27-day-old chicken Newcastle disease ⅱ or ⅲ vaccine drinking water to strengthen immunity.

Intramuscular injection test of Newcastle disease ⅰ vaccine in 65-day-old chickens

90-day-old poultry cholera vaccine was injected intramuscularly once every 10 day.

Once the immunization program is confirmed and verified to be feasible, do not change it at will. Sales of Uighur chickens must indicate the name, age and variety of the vaccinated vaccine for inspection.

Chapter IV Prevention and Treatment of Major Common Diseases

Section 1 Newcastle disease

Newcastle disease (Asian chicken plague) is an acute and severe infectious disease in chickens. Different species, ages, seasons and sexes are susceptible to infection, and the mortality rate is extremely high. It can spread through contact with the air and often becomes an acute epidemic in new epidemic areas. The main features are dyspnea, diarrhea, nervous disorder, rapid spread and high mortality. At present, there is no effective therapeutic drug. Only by vaccination, paying attention to environmental hygiene, regular disinfection, blockade and isolation, and taking comprehensive preventive measures can the disease be prevented.

The second quarter chicken pullorum

Chicken pullorum is a common and harmful bacterial infectious disease, which mainly affects chicks, mostly occurring in chicks under two weeks old (the pathogen is Salmonella pullorum). Treatment is not timely, and the mortality of chicks is high.

Features: the sick chicks are sleepy, their appetite disappears, their fetal hair is unkempt, they hide in the dark, their necks are narrowed, their eyes are half closed, their wings are drooping, they stand still, and they have white diarrhea. They often stick fluff around the anus, and when it dries, it forms a lump and blocks the anus. Sick chickens scream when defecating, and adult chickens are infected invisibly. Only the production performance is reduced, white and green feces are discharged, and sick chickens become carriers.

Treatment:

1, drinking water containing 0.06% furazolidone for no more than three days, and the effect is good.

2. use vidicon to drink water or virus to destroy the mixture.

3. You can also feed each gentamicin with 654.38+ 10,000 units of water for two days, or you can feed it with 0. 1% water, mixed with mycotoxins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and sulfonamides (0.2% ratio).

As a preventive measure, feed with garlic juice. Add 0.5- 1 20 times of water to garlic paste, and feed each chicken with 0.5-1ml four times a day for three days.

5, purslane soup

Section III Avian Cholera

Avian cholera, also known as hemorrhagic septicemia of poultry, is an acute septicemia that all poultry can be infected with. Chickens and ducks are the most susceptible, while geese are less susceptible, which is endemic and has high morbidity and mortality in new epidemic areas. This disease mainly occurs in two-month-old chickens. The main feature of this disease is severe diarrhea.

Symptoms: The incubation period of natural diseases is generally 2-9 days. In the most acute cholera, sick chickens have no obvious pathological symptoms and suddenly die. Most cases are acute symptoms, mainly manifested as listlessness, loose feathers, necking and closing eyes, hunchback and standing alone. Body temperature as high as 43-44℃, loss of appetite, thirst for water, black beard, accelerated breathing and increased nasal secretions. Sick chickens often have severe diarrhea with yellow or green stools. Chickens with chronic diseases have diarrhea, loss of appetite, emaciation and death, and some sick chickens can recover to become carriers.

Treatment:

1. Adult chickens are injected with 2-5 units of penicillin per muscle, three times a day.

2. The daily dosage of oxytetracycline is 0. 1.5-0.3g per chicken for 7 days.

3. We can choose sulfathiazole (0.5- 1%), sulfamethazine (0.5%), Tiandi Wen Ning and other drugs to feed in proportion, and the proportion of sulfonamides to water is 0. 1%.

The fourth quarter avian typhoid fever

Avian typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi, which mainly occurs in chickens, ducks, turkeys and other poultry. Chickens over three weeks old are prone to this disease, which is often sporadic, usually acute, and the mortality rate varies. Sick chickens become carriers after recovery, which has a great influence on the production performance of chickens. Chronic chicken, hydrops of myocardial cells, gray-white foreign body on visceral surface, splenomegaly, nephropathy. The incubation period is usually 4-5 days, and the course of disease is 3- 10 days. The sick chicken is listless, standing still, half-closed eyes, loose feathers and drooping head. In acute cases, the hair and beard are dark red. Loss of appetite, oral drinking, body temperature of 43-44℃, and accelerated breathing; Diarrhea, yellow or yellow feces, sometimes bloody feces are discharged, and feathers near the anus are stained with a lot of dirty feces.

Preventive and control measures:

1, chloramphenicol intramuscular injection, chloramphenicol tablets or furazolidone, furacilin according to the ratio of 0.0 1-0.04%, continuous feeding for 7 days. Or feed with oxytetracycline and sulfonamides.

2. It is strictly forbidden to enter the chicken farm with disease or bacteria. At the same time, do a good job in disinfection and strengthen feeding management.

Section 5 Poultry Suffering from typhoid fever

The disease is a general term for diseases caused by salmonella other than pullorum and typhoid fever, which mainly affects young birds. The disease is usually endemic. It is characterized by diarrhea, conjunctiva and emaciation, and can die in batches.

Chickens under 2 weeks old, the incubation period is 8- 12 hours, the onset is rapid, and a few sick chickens have diarrhea, paralysis and convulsions. The course of disease is 1-4 days, and the mortality rate is generally 10%, sometimes as high as 80%. Chronic paratyphoid fever often occurs in chickens aged 2-3 months. The main symptoms are diarrhea, bloody stool, and sometimes there is coagulated cellulose exudate in abdominal cavity. Adult chickens are often asymptomatic, and intestinal bacteria carry 9- 16 months.

Treatment: Chloramphenicol, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, sulfadiazine or sulfadiazine can be selected for proportional administration or intramuscular injection.

Pay attention to eliminating infected chickens and take comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Section 6 Infectious Bronchus of Chicken

Infectious bronchitis in chickens is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease caused by virus infection.

This disease can occur in all birds, regardless of age and sex. Most of them are acute and have a high mortality rate. This disease is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Clinical features: incubation period of 2-5 days, respiratory disorder, rales, cough, runny nose, depression, anorexia, half-closed or full-closed eyes, loose feathers, drooping wings, swollen sinuses, runny nose, watery eyes, gradual weight loss, and chicks are susceptible.

Preventive and control measures:

Choose slow Hu Xiao, Hulajing and erythromycin sulfate to drink water, kanamycin and gentamicin can also be injected into muscle to drink water, and other drugs effective for respiratory treatment can also be selected.

In recent years, attenuated vaccines have been inoculated by nasal drops, eye drops, drinking water and spraying, and certain results have been achieved.

The general treatment effect is not ideal; Mainly to strengthen feeding management, put an end to the introduction of epidemic situation, and do a good job of vaccination according to regulations.

Section 7 Infectious Laryngotracheal Class

The disease is an acute contagious disease caused by virus, which is characterized by dyspnea, asthma and cough. Lesions mainly harm the larynx and trachea, spread quickly and have high mortality.

Preventive and control measures:

There is no effective treatment for this disease, and only symptomatic treatment is generally given. At ordinary times, we should do a good job in cleaning and disinfection, strengthen feeding management, do a good job in vaccination, and take comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Section 8 Chicken coccidiosis

Chicken coccidiosis is a common protozoan disease caused by Eimeria, which has a rapid onset and delayed treatment. The mortality rate is as high as 70-80%, and chicks die within 5-7 days after infection. Main features: acute type, more common in chicks, listlessness, prostrate feathers, curly head, loss of appetite, preference for drinking water, anemia, emaciation, blood excretion, blood around anus after death, and microscopic examination of eggs.

Treatment: 1, 0.005% chlorpheniramine, and other drugs, such as anticoccidial and compound dijunjing, can also be used for treatment or drinking water. At the same time, chicks should be cultured online to reduce infection.

Section 9 Other Intestinal Parasites of Chicken

Feeding adult chickens or supplementing them with green feed and grazing. It is easy to be infected with some intestinal parasites, such as roundworms and tapeworms.

Treatment: once every 1-2 months: anti-vermiculite, levamisole or bieding can be selected according to the dosage introduced.