What are the review materials for the history of modern literature in China?

General review materials of modern literature history

China literature has entered a 30-year rapid development period of 19 17- 1949 since the May 4th literary revolution.

1. Literature in the 1920s represented by the May 4th Movement

Second, 1928- 1937 left-wing revolutionary literature and humanistic literature coexisted in 1930s literature.

Iii. 1937- 1949 begins with the literature of the whole nation in the war of resistance against Japan and the multi-regional, diversified and popular literature in the 1940s.

Fill in the blanks:

1. Some western books translated by Yan Fu introduced some major western ideas in19th century to China, and Evolution (Huxley's Original Evolution and Ethics) brought it to China.

2. From 1902 to 19 17, 27 magazines (including a newspaper) named after "novels" were founded.

3. Liang Qichao put forward such reform ideas as "the revolution of poetry", "the revolution of literature" and "the revolution of novels".

4. China literature developed to the Qing Dynasty, with poetry as its orthodoxy, and the ancients suppressed the present.

5. The revolution in the field of poetry should meet three standards: "First, new artistic conception, and second, new sentences must be input in the style of the ancients, and then become poetry.

6. It is Huang Zunxian who really advocates the poetic revolution as a poet.

7. Chen Duxiu is a representative who advocates the renewal of drama concept.

8. 1905, Chen Qubing and Liu Yazi, the later leaders of Nanshe, founded the earliest drama magazine "20th Century Grand Stage" in China.

9. 1906, Li Shutong and Zeng Xiaogu launched the Spring Willow Society in Tokyo.

10, Huang Zunxian was the first to put forward the idea of "combining words with words"

1 1. It is Liang Qichao who talks about vernacular Chinese from a literary point of view. In his novel, he pointed out: "There is a key to the evolution of literature, which is from the literature of old sayings to the literature of common sayings.

12, it is Wang Guowei who truly embodies the literary view in the modern sense.

13, the textual research of Song and Yuan operas recommended "Xu Yuan Cohabitation" as "masterpiece of one generation" and "the most natural literature in China".

14. Political papers and novels (including translation) are of practical significance to modernization in the history of literature.

Nanshe was founded in 15 and 1909, which was the most influential poetry society in this period, with anti-Qing as its main feature. The main characters, Gao Xu and Ma, were originally equivalent to Liang Qichao in the "poetic revolution".

16, the literary achievements in the first decade after the May 4th Movement were the greatest.

17, Zhang (1869- 1936) is a democratic revolutionary and scholar from Yuhang, Zhejiang. Zhang Taiyan is a "learned revolutionary" with profound attainments in Chinese studies, and his articles are "invincible and fascinating". The prominent theme of his article is to advocate opposing the national democratic revolution in the Qing Dynasty.

18, 1906- 19 10 reached the peak of novels in the late Qing dynasty, while 1907 reached the peak of novel translation, keeping pace with the prosperity of creation.

19, Lin Shu (1852- 1924) was born in Minhou, Fujian (now Fuzhou), a writer and translator. He translated 180 European and American novels in his life, with120,000 words. His famous translations include Legacy of La Traviata de Paris, Biography of Cain, Black Slave's Call to Heaven, and Introduction to Saxon Heroes after Robbery.

20. The masterpiece of romance novels in the early Ming Dynasty is Xu Zhenya's Soul of the Jade Pear.

2 1. The most influential writers of Yuanyang Butterfly School are Xu Zhenya, Li, Bao, Zhou Shoujuan and Zhang Henshui, who are called "Five Tiger Generals".

22. Their "Four Talkboards", Jade Pear Soul, Guangling Tide, Legends of Wonders in the Jianghu, and the cause of crying and laughing.

23. Modern literature in China, marked by the May 4th literary revolution, has stepped into the process of literary modernization in an all-round way.

24. The direct background and motive force of the May 4th literary revolution was the May 4th New Culture Movement.

25. Youth magazine was founded in Shanghai in June of 5438+09 15, and was renamed as New Youth in September of 19 16.

26. 19 17 1 The new youth published Hu Shi's My Humble Opinion on Literary Improvement, which was the first person to propose literary improvement. Starting from the "eight things", he advocated that the written language should be close to the spoken language and demanded that the vernacular literature should be "authentic", which was the "one" of the May 4th literary revolution.

27. 19 17 In February, New Youth published Chen Duxiu's On the Literary Revolution, in which "three cardinals" were clearly put forward.

28. The literary revolution is first and foremost an ideological revolution. 1985 In May, Lu Xun published his first short story, Diary of a Madman.

29. Among the literary and art groups, the most influential and representative are the Literary Research Association and the Creative Society.

30. Lu Xun is the founder of China's modern novels. Lu Xun (188 1- 1936), a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was originally named Zhou Zhangshou and was named Yushan. 1918 In May, Lu Xun published the first epoch-making vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman" in New Youth, marking the great beginning of the May 4th new literature era. 19361June19th, Lu Xun died in Shanghai.

3 1, Ye (1894- 1988), whose real name is Sheng Tao, is from Suzhou, Jiangsu. Ni Huanzhi, published in 1928, is a rare novel in the early period of new literature (and his only novel) with pioneering value.

Xu Dishan (1893- 194 1), whose pen name is Luo Huasheng, is represented by his first collection of short stories, Spider Weaving and Working. The novel is exotic and full of religious flavor, and the plot is almost a love clue.

Bing Xin (1900- 1999), formerly known as Xie Wanying, was born in Changle, Fujian (now Fuzhou). Love, childlike innocence and nature are the three legs of her "philosophy of love". Superman puts forward the question of "what is life", which is Bing Xin's masterpiece to promote "perfect love" and eulogize great maternal love. The first novel, Two Families.

34. Yu Dafu (1896- 1945) is a famous writer in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, the founder of Creation Society and the most important novelist. From 1920, when he was studying in Japan, he wrote his first novel, Death in Silver Grey, and from 1922, he returned to China. During this period, Yu Dafu also wrote Sinking and Moving South, which were written in 192 10.

35. Hu Shi (189 1- 1962) has a collection of poems, which is the first new vernacular poetry collection in the New Culture Movement.

36.1On March 27th, 938, the All-China Association of Literary and Art Circles Against the Enemy (hereinafter referred to as the "Federation of Literary and Art Circles") was established in Wuhan, which marked the convergence of various literary and artistic movements (proletarian literature, democratic literature, liberal literature and even nationalist literature) in the second decade, and formed an anti-Japanese national united front in the literary and art circles. The slogan "Articles go to the countryside, articles join the army" put forward by "Federation of Literary and Art Circles" has been positively responded by writers, and it is the only national literary organization established during the Anti-Japanese War.

37. The Riptide Trilogy (including Home and Spring and Autumn Annals) is the representative work of Ba Jin, especially his first home, which has eternal artistic value.

38. Xu Zhimo (1897- 193 1), formerly known as Xu, was born in Haining, Zhejiang. His four books of poetry: Zhi Mo Shi (1925), Cold Jade Night (1927), Tiger (193 1) and Wandering Collection (1927). P86

39. Wen Yiduo (1899- 1946), formerly known as Jiahua, a native of Xishui, Hubei Province, was an important representative of the early crescent school and the founder of the new metrical poetry theory. The long poem Miracle was published at 193 1, Red Candle (1923) and Still Water (1928) were published at 1928. P90 ("Third Sister" P92-P3)

40. The publication of Goddess by Guo Moruo (1892- 1978), whose original name was Guo Kaizhen, 192 1 year not only established Guo Moruo's outstanding position in the history of modern literature in China, but also opened up a new era for China's new poetry.

4 1, Tian Han (1898- 1968), formerly known as Tian Shouchang, is one of the founders of the Creation Society and the most important playwright of the Creation Society. 1920 completed the first novel "Fanyi and Rose", and the first officially released script was "One Scene and Three Plays".

42. Ba Jin (1904-2005), formerly known as Li Yaotang, is a very sweet figure. "Ba Jin" is the pseudonym he began to use when he finished Death in 1928.

43. Shen Congwen (1902- 1988) was born in Fenghuang County, Hunan Province. Formerly known as Shen Yuehuan. The most famous masterpiece "Border Town".

Cang Kejia (1905-? ), is a poet who came out of the new moon poetry door and accepted the power of various factions. With a cold and passionate pen, he wrote the profound pain and persistence, hatred and injustice of farmers in China, which opened up a world for new poems to reflect rural life and was called "soil poet".

45. Dai Wangshu (1905- 1950), formerly known as Dai Mengou, was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Modern famous poet and literary translator. The famous work Rain Lane is called "Rain Lane Poet".

46. Hong Shen (1894- 1955) is called "the three founders of China's drama" together with Ou Yangyuqian and Tian Han. Hong Shen's rural trilogy-Wuguiqiao (1930), Xiangmi in three acts (193 1) and Qinglong Lake in four acts (1932).

47. Cao Yu (19 10- 1996) is a playwright who has made outstanding contributions to the development of modern drama in China. The appearance of Thunderstorm and Sunrise marks the maturity of modern drama literature in China.

48. In1910, Ren Tianhua organized the first professional troupe evolution group in Shanghai, including Wang Youyou and Chen Dabei.

49. Diary of a Madman is the first modern short vernacular novel in the history of China's new literature. 1985 was published in New Youth in May, marking the great beginning of the May 4th New Literature Creation. The True Story of Ah Q is an outstanding creation in China's modern novel history, and it is also the earliest modern novel introduced to the world by China.

50. Guo Moruo is the pioneer of modern historical drama in China. The Goddess Trilogy —— Flowers in Tang Di, Xiang Lei (1920) and The Regeneration of Goddess (192 1).

5 1, Zhou Zuoren (1885- 1967), born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was originally named Shoushou, and his real name was Xing Biao. His prose has always had two styles: impetuous, sharp and diluted.

52. Ding Ling (1904- 1986), formerly known as Jiang, also known as Ding, was born in Hunan. Ding Ling is the earliest female writer with distinct and strong female consciousness in the history of modern novels in China, and a pioneer of Chinese feminist literature in the 20th century.

53. Zhang Tianyi (1906- 1985), formerly known as Ding, was born in Xiangxi, Hunan.

54. Mao Dun (1896— 198 1), formerly known as Shen Dehong, was born in Wuzhen, Tongxiang, Zhejiang. Eclipse is Mao Dun's first novel. It consists of three series of novellas: disillusionment, hesitation and pursuit. The whole work takes the life experience and spiritual course of a group of petty-bourgeois intellectuals before and after the Great Revolution as the main line, profoundly revealing many contradictions in the revolutionary camp and class differentiation in the turbulent struggle. The work shows "three periods that modern youth experienced in the revolutionary tide: (1) lofty excitement on the eve of the revolution and disillusionment before the revolution.

(2) vacillation when the revolutionary struggle is fierce

(3) wavering after disillusionment, unwilling to be lonely, still want to make the final pursuit.

55. Lao She (1899- 1966), whose real name is Shu Qingchun, is a Beijinger and Manchu. Her first novel, Her Failure, was published in May 1955. Four generations under one roof is his masterpiece in the 1940s, and Micro God is his only love novel.

Noun parsing:

1, the new drama performed by Liu Chunshe in Japan and the performance by Chunyang Society in Shanghai are characterized by the infiltration of dramatic factors and are called "civilized dramas".

2. The characteristic of civilized drama is that the role of "old speaker" is often divorced from the plot to comment on politics. The scenes of the play are divided according to the legend tradition, and some scenes are often performed when changing scenes.

3. Literature Research Association (the earliest and most influential) was established in Beijing in June 192 1 1. The founders are Zhou Zuoren, Jiang Baili, Zheng Zhenduo, Geng Jizhi, Qu Shiying, Sun Fuyuan, Ye, Xu Dishan, 12. He declared that he would "study and introduce world literature, sort out China's old literature and create new literature.". In terms of creative methods, the Literary Research Association emphasizes realism against aestheticism and romanticism, and actively advocates literary revolution with Novel Monthly as the position, which embodies its purpose of "serving life".

4. Creation Society 192 1 was established in Tokyo, Japan in July. Its original members are Guo Moruo, Zhang Ziping, Yu Dafu, Cheng, Tian Shouchang, Mu, Xu Zuzheng, Tao, He Wei and others. They founded the Creation Quarterly, Creation Weekly, Creation Day, Flood and other publications. Mainly inclined to the European romantic literary trend of thought. He advocated "literature and art" from the beginning, emphasizing that literature must faithfully express the author's own "inner requirements." Emphasize the integrity and aesthetic feeling of literature, advocate the intuition and inspiration of literary creation, and pay more attention to the aesthetic function of literature. The literary activity is bounded by May 30th. 1925. In the later period, he advocated "sympathy for the proletariat" in revolutionary literature, and his thought was obviously "left". 1929 In February, the Creative Society was closed down by the authorities.

5. Threads Weekly was founded in1June, 924,165438+1October, and published many essays criticizing the current disadvantages in order to advocate this humorous and inflammatory "thread style" and get the title of "thread school". Lu Xun is known as the leader of the Silk School. The members of the Silk Society are Zhou Zuoren, Lin Yutang, Zhang Chuandao and Sun Fuyuan.

6. The Mangyuan Society and the Unnamed Society were young writers' societies established in Beijing in the mid-1920s, which were supported by Lu Xun. They are wild and unnamed.

7.1in the winter of 927, the South China Film and Drama Society was reorganized and officially named the South China Society. Nanguo Society is a comprehensive art society founded by Tian Han, and it is the one with the greatest drama achievement and influence in the creative society.

8. Crescent Society was founded in the summer of 1924. At first, it was mainly about drama activities. The main members are Xu Zhimo, Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu, Chen Yuan, Hu Shi and Yu Shangyuan.

9. Crescent Bookstore was established in Shanghai. They advocate new metrical poetry, while Wen Yiduo advocates the beauty of music (syllable rhythm), painting (rhetoric) and architecture (symmetry).

10, The True Story of Ah Q is an outstanding creation in China's modern novel history, and it is also the earliest modern novel introduced to the world by China.

1 1 and New Stories * * consist of 8 articles, written from 1922 to 1935, lasting 13 years, of which 3 articles were written in 65433. Lishui, Cai Wei, going through the customs, either attacking or dying is concentrated in 1934- 1935, which is Lu Xun's later works. It is considered as a collection of "myths", legends and historical legends.

12. Problem novels are the product of the collision between contradictory social reality and realistic writers' creative mentality, and also the product of the combination of the May 4th Enlightenment spirit and writers' life thinking, which adapted to the social spiritual and psychological needs at that time. Representative writers are Bing Xin, Ye, Xu Dishan, Lu Yinhe.

13, the Chinese Poetry Society is organized by the Left Alliance Poetry Group. Founded in September of 1932, the promoters are Pu Feng, Mu, Yang Sao, Sen Bao (Ren Jun) and so on. 1933 February, the official publication "New Poetry" was founded, with the aim of paying attention to the reality of poetry and advocating the popularization of poetry. Influential poets include Pu Feng, Mu, Ren Jun, Yang Sao, Wang Yaping, etc. The representative figure is Pu Feng, whose poems are vigorous and simple, the turbulent countryside facing collapse and the fierce anti-imperialist sentiment of China people are the two major themes of Pu Feng's poems.

14, July Poetry School, is a realistic lyric poetry school based on July and Hope edited by Hu Feng, a literary theorist. The main representatives are Lu Chen, Lu Yuan, A Long, Ceng Zhuo, Lu Dian, Sun Dian, Hua Tie, Fang Ran and Han Niu.

Nine-leaf poetry school, 15, was formed in the middle and late 1940s, pursuing the combination of realism and modernism.

16, Beijing School: refers to a group of liberal writers who continued their activities in Beijing after the New Literature Center moved to Shanghai in the 1930s.

17, Shanghai School: In addition to Zhang Ziping, Zeng, and other Shanghai-style business literati specifically referred to by Shen Congwen in those years, it mainly refers to the New Sensation School that began to be active in Shanghai in the late 1920s.

18, Modernism refers to Shi Zhecun's literary publication Modern, which was commissioned by Modern Bookstore. The published poems have different styles, but quite a few of them are outstanding and eye-catching, and there are some * * * same tendencies from art to thought.

Tip:

1, from literary revolution to revolutionary literature in the late May 4th Movement.

2. From 19 19, Hu Shi advocated "study more problems and talk less about doctrine", and from 1923, he strongly advocated "sorting out national heritage" and began to deviate from the spirit of the May 4th Movement.

3. The vernacular short stories written by Lu Xun during the May 4th Movement were included in the two collections of novels, Scream published by Xinchao Society 1923 in August and Wandering published by Beixin Bookstore 1926 in August.

4. Lu Xun has been engaged in various genres of literary creation, among which the essays are the most, and the thorough anti-feudal spirit is the soul of his essays.

5. Lu Xun's collection of prose poems "Wild Grass" and prose collection "Morning Flowers and Evening Picking Up" are both excellent works in modern Chinese prose.

6. Diary of a Madman has two creative methods: realistic characterization; Write the meaning in vain, using symbolism.

7. On the one hand, Lu Xun's novels boldly draw lessons from the expressive techniques of western novels, on the other hand, they combine the advantages of China's traditional novels, thus creating a new form of China's modern novels. Luxun's novels have a profound influence on the development of China's modern novels with their profound thoughts and exquisite art.

8. Problem novel is to ask a question, study it with a novel, and ask someone to solve it.

9. Wang Tongzhao's most important novel Shan Yu was published in 1933.

10, selected prose poems of Lu Xun 1927 was published by Weeds, which marked the maturity of prose poems.

The interweaving of 1 1, exotic colors, religious atmosphere and love clues constitute three main factors that Xu Dishan's early novels tend to be romantic and legendary. In fact, what is hidden under it is the author's deep pain in life experience, feelings for home and country and good intentions.

12, Bing Xin's problem novels have gone through the stages of development and change around the "philosophy of love", from pursuit to propaganda, and finally mixed feelings, which is the unique melody of Bing Xin's novels.

13, 1923, 1 In June, Bing Xin published her first collection of poems, Stars, and her collection of short stories and essays, Superman, in the same year.

The Past published by 14, 1927 and LostSheep published by 1928 formed a turning point in Yu Dafu's creative direction. He created a new style of modern lyric novel or "self-novel".

15, The Radish Seller is the earliest blank poem in modern China, and Enough and Boredom are the earliest prose poems in modern times.

16, Zhou Zuoren, Qian, Liu Bannong, Hu Shi and others advocated the establishment of China's modern drama theory in the process of criticism, which includes two aspects: one is to use drama as a tool to improve life, and the other is to advocate realistic drama.

17, Lu Xun is the first person who tried to create prose poems in modern China literature.

/kloc-an important literary phenomenon in the novels of the 1930 s and 1930 s is the novel mode of "revolution+love"

19, Zhang Henshui can be regarded as a master writer in the history of modern popular novels in China.

Short answer questions:

(1) The basic characteristics of the May 4th literature;

First, the publicity of rational spirit (the role of the May 4th cultural trend of thought on the people lies in enlightenment).

Second, the sentimental spiritual imprint.

Third, the pursuit of individuality (the May 4th Movement was the most prominent period in the history of China literature).

Fourthly, the diversified exploration of creative methods.

(2) The artistic features of Lu Xun's essays:

1, good at grasping types, drawing typical examples, and combining discussion with images.

2. Be good at using vivid and humorous language to carry out logical argumentation.

3. He is good at using association to analyze phenomena in different time and space, which enhances the historical background and profound connotation of his works.

4. The chapter is short and pithy, and the pen and ink are concise and sharp, as sharp as a dagger.

(3) What are the characteristics of Yu Dafu's romantic lyric novels "Sinking", "Running Out" and "Chi Guihua"?

1, self-lyric. Most of his novels are autobiographical, and the author's personal background, experience, personality, temperament, upbringing, interpersonal communication and aesthetic interest can be clearly seen in quite a few works. From the early works "Sinking" to "A Night Intoxicated by Spring Breeze", "A Long Night" and then to "The Past" and "Chi Guihua", there is no work without the figure and spiritual temperament of the author himself. Moreover, from the perspective of subjective narration in the first person, Yu Dafu especially likes it (among all his more than 50 novels, there are about 40 in the first person). )

2. Sentimental lyricism. He believes that "the expression of a novel focuses on feelings" and takes the word "emotional appeal" as the main criterion to measure the quality of a novel.

3. Structured prose culture. His novels focus on lyricism and despise plot structure, which will inevitably lead to the prosaic tendency of his novels. For example, although there is no plot clue running through the whole story, the loneliness, depression and sentimentality of the hero "He" are consistent, forming an internal cohesion in his works. Therefore, it is regarded as Yu Dafu's masterpiece.

4. Smooth and fresh writing style. His brushwork conforms to his subjective color and lyric tendency, full of emotion, full of color, full of rhythm, like running water, with a strong sense of mobility. He rarely uses quiet brushwork to describe, express feelings and write scenes. For example, the clear sky in foreign countries (sinking) and the remnants of the ancient capital (the weather in Koharu) all show the characteristics of "clearness, fineness and truth".

(4) New literature started from the literary revolution and flourished in the 1920s. The new literature movement led to the prosperity of modern prose, and also determined the main characteristics of modern prose.

First, the discovery of the concept of "human" during the May 4th Movement had an impact on prose, that is, expressing individuality and innovating prose content.

Second, it expands the scope of expressing life.

Third, there are various styles and freedom of expression.

Fourthly, it has been widely influenced by world literature. English sketches, Montaigne's essays, Nietzsche's proverbs and epigrams, Turgenev's prose poems, Tagore and Beichuan Baicun all had direct or indirect influences on the style and style of China's prose in the 1920s.

Fifthly, the prose in the early period of the New Literature Movement and in the 1920s reflected the profound knowledge and accomplishment of the prose writers, and made great achievements in thought and art. ..

(5) Four characteristics of the new humanistic literary view:

1 is fundamentally influenced by foreign countries.

2. Respect emotion and despise reason.

3. The attitude towards life is impressive.

4. Advocate conversion to nature and pay attention to originality.

Composition questions:

(1) What kind of character is Ah Q, what kind of character is it, and what's the significance?

The character image of Ah Q:

The True Story of Ah Q is an outstanding creation in China's modern novel history, and it is also the earliest modern novel introduced to the world by China. Ah Q is regarded as a backward, unconscious and mentally ill farmer.

(2) The discussion of Guo Moruo's poetry collection Goddess. (P97—— 103)

The first mature poetry collection, the representative of the spirit of the May 4th Movement, broke through barriers and called for freedom and pantheism.

(3) Understanding of Midnight P 172- 177 (Wu Sunfu)

(4) Understanding of Camel Xiangzi P 184- 189

Artistic Achievements-Characters-Xiangzi and Tigress

(5) The characters in Ba Jin's masterpiece Home: Gao Juexin and Chueh-hui P 197.

(6) Lao She's creative path

(7) Shen Congwen's creative feature Border Town P2 10-2 12.

(8) Characteristics of Dai Wangshu's poetry creation P2 16-2 19

(9) The significance and contribution of Cao's drama P242

(10) Zhou Puyuan in Cao Yu's Thunderstorm directly triggered a 30-year conflict between two families.

People: (Zhou Puyuan, Fan Yi) Focus, Zhou Ping, Ma Lu.

Lenovo in the first decade:

P23 Literature Research Association; P24 Creation Society; Xinyueshe P80

The second one:

The left-wing alliance was established p132; ; Chinese poetry association p 213; New sensation school p158; Modernist p 215; Northeast Writers Group P203

The third one:

Literature Association P255 July Poetry School P293；; Kuya Poetry School P300

The most influential works in 1930s are:

Mao Dun's Eclipse (including disillusionment, vacillation and pursuit), midnight.

Ba Jin's Death, Love Trilogy (including Fog, Rain and Electricity), Home, Spring, Autumn, Autumn in Spring, Snow, Rebirth and Satin.

Lao She's Cat City, Camel Xiangzi and Divorce

Ye de ni huanzhi

Shan Yu, Wang Tongzhao

Yan Lu's angry country

Jiang Guangci's Roaring Land

February in Rou Shi.

Hu Wei of Ding Ling

Bian Cheng by Shen Congwen

Xiaojun village in August

Xiaohong's field of life and death

Li's "Dead Water" and so on.

An influential trilogy

Mao Dun's Erosion Trilogy and Rural Trilogy (including Spring Silkworm, Autumn Harvest and Residual Winter)

Ba Jin's Riptide Trilogy (including Home, Spring and Autumn) and Love Trilogy.

Li's "Big Wave" series (including three long articles: "A pool of stagnant water" and "Before the storm and the big wave").