Nanchang uprising: the fate and outcome of the main leaders after the troops were frustrated in the south.

What we are familiar with is that in history, the fierce replacement of each dynasty will lead to several struggles or wars, which will remain in the brief spectrum of history.

However, the difference in the history of China's producers' promotion is that they have experienced numerous hardships and created an indomitable spirit of great struggle. Nanchang Uprising fully illustrates this period of history, and the reputation of rebel leaders will always be remembered by people.

1927, China, Nanking National Government and Wuhan National Government successively launched counter-revolutionary coups in April 12 and Ma Ri incident, and in July 15, which led to drastic changes in the national situation, and the originally vibrant South China was shrouded in gloom everywhere.

12 in April, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly raised a butcher knife to the revolutionary masses in Shanghai and launched a counter-revolutionary coup. There is a river of blood on Baoshan Road. Subsequently, in the name of "eliminating the Party", party member and the revolutionary masses were killed on a large scale in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and the southeast provinces fell into counter-revolutionary white terror. This counter-revolutionary coup severely destroyed the China Revolution and became the turning point of the Great Revolution from victory to failure.

Like Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Ching-wei of Wuhan National Government massacred producers and revolutionary masses. In the clamor of "It is better to kill a thousand by mistake than to reveal a * * * party member", a large number of * * * producers, progressives and revolutionary masses fell in a pool of blood, and the revolutionary Wuhan suddenly became a hell on earth shrouded in white terror. Soon, Nanjing and Han merged and the cooperation between the first countries finally broke down.

In this extremely sinister situation, it did not make Chinese producers yield, nor did it stop Chinese producers from continuing to fight. It made China producers realize the importance of mastering the army independently and leading the armed struggle. The Nanchang Uprising was spread out under such a background, and the revolutionary torrent merged into Nanchang, which quickly ignited the revolutionary bonfire.

1 927 In the early morning of August1,a shot was fired at the head of Nanchang City, and the China * * * Production Party launched the first shot to lead the armed struggle independently and create the people's army.

The Party's uprising in Nanchang was led by a group of outstanding revolutionary strategists such as Zhou Enlai after careful planning and deployment. The location of the uprising was chosen in Nanchang, because the party has many armed forces, a good mass base and a greater assurance of success, which was welcomed by Nanchang citizens.

Under the leadership of the former enemy central committee headed by Zhou Enlai, under the direct control and influence of the Party, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng led more than 20,000 people to successfully revolt under the password of "unification of rivers and mountains". Nanchang, the old county town of Zhang Yu and the new mansion of Hongdu, has won another reputation-Hero City.

After the success of the uprising, the revolutionary political organs were first established. In the former Jiangxi provincial government, a joint meeting of China producers and Kuomintang leftists was held, and a revolutionary committee was elected, and a declaration of the Central Committee was issued in the name of Soong Ching Ling and others. Secondly, I basically put forward my own plan. Finally, on the basis of the uprising, the People's Army was quickly established, and Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting and Liu Bocheng were appointed as the military command organs, Liu Bocheng as the chief of staff, Guo Moruo as the director of the General Political Department, and the uprising troops used the name of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army.

He Long is the commander-in-chief of the Second Army, and Ye Ting is the commander-in-chief of the former enemy of the Second Army. The 2nd Army has three armies, 1 1 Army Ye Ting as the commander (concurrently), Nie as the party representative, 20th Army He Long as the commander (concurrently), Liao Ganwu as the party representative and director of the political department, 9th Army as the commander, Zhu De as the deputy commander and Zhu as the party representative.

The success of the Nanchang Uprising and the birth of the People's Army caused great shock and panic to the reactionary forces of the Kuomintang, who sent troops to "crusade" against the rebels. As a result, the Kuomintang troops quickly came from all directions, making the enemy's strength more and more disparity, trying to strangle the revolution in the cradle.

Under the situation that the strength between the enemy and ourselves is even more disparity, where the insurgents will go next, where to settle down and establish base areas has become a serious issue facing the revolution.

Ye Ting said in "A Letter to Soldiers": "If we want to survive and fight for the revolution, we must also find a place that is not surrounded by warlords inside and blocked by imperialism outside."

At that time, the insurgents were faced with three choices: first, they stood still and confronted the Kuomintang reactionaries centered on Nanchang, which was obviously unrealistic; The other is to go up the mountain and establish a base area in the mountainous area, but the ideas of He Long and others have not been agreed; The third time was to go to sea, go south to Guangzhou, fight for foreign aid, and then go north.

Going is certain, but the question is where to go? It may be appropriate to choose the third option.

In fact, before the Nanchang Uprising, China * * * producers had a clear goal for what to do after the Uprising, that is, to unite with the Kuomintang leftists, pull the troops who can master the alliance to Guangdong to rebuild the base areas, use Haikou to get Soviet aid, and then implement the "Second Northern Expedition".

The victory of the uprising is widely expected. The situation forced the army to go south. However, four unfavorable factors seriously affected the southward troops.

The first is the dispute about the southern line. At that time, there were two opinions: First, take the "main road", go south along the Ganjiang River, take Shaoguan and go straight down to Guangdong. The enemy deployed heavy troops on this road. One is to take the "path", go east from Jiangxi to Wu, and go directly to Dongjiang. It is powerful for me to be able to supplement my troops and get international support. Finally, I decided to take the "path". Due to various preparations for going south, the insurgents failed to start on time, and the leading organs and main forces of the troops did not leave the city until five days later.

Second, the harsh natural environment makes it difficult for the rebels to go south. In Jiangxi in August, the heat wave enveloped and the weather was unbearable. Most of the insurgents take mountain roads, and the burden is very heavy. Each of them carries 250 to 300 bullets, and they must also carry machine guns themselves. Many soldiers, with vegetables on their faces, kept falling down on the way south. In addition, suffering from dysentery and lack of medical care have brought greater difficulties to the troops, and non-combat attrition is very serious.

Third, the rebels fled and their morale was low. Because of the unclear meaning of the uprising and the lack of adequate ideological preparation for the hard life on the way south, some vacillation and dissatisfaction have arisen within the rebel army.

In his inner-party report, Li specifically talked about this situation: "The significance of the August 1st Revolution lies not only in that it did not go deep into the masses, but also in that the soldiers of the two armies did not understand it." This shows that the propaganda work in the uprising army is extremely important.

Third, the mutiny in Cai Tingkai. On August 4th, the 1st 10 division of Cai Tingkai marching on the left turned away from the insurgents and went to Zhejiang to take refuge in Chiang Kai-shek. This took away nearly a quarter of the army at once, which seriously frustrated the plan of the uprising troops to go south.

The insurgents overcame many difficulties and entered Guangdong. At this time, the warlords of Guangdong and Guangxi are dispatching troops as soon as possible, keeping a close eye on the movements of the insurgents and doing everything possible to prevent them from entering Guangdong. The rebels are undergoing a severe test.

On September 1927 and 19, the insurgents entered Guangdong after many twists and turns and occupied Sanheba.

Sanheba is located at the intersection of Tingjiang River, Meijiang River and Meitan River into the Han River. It is an important transportation hub and has a very important strategic position.

According to the decision of Changting meeting, the insurgents split up here.

Zhu De led 1 1 about 4,000 people from the 25th Division and the 9th Army Training Corps stayed at Sanheba to monitor the Qian Dajun Department of Meixian County and cover the flank of the whole army.

Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting and Liu Bocheng led 1 1 the 20th and 24th divisions of the army took a boat from Tai Po, which borders Guangdong and Fujian, and went straight down to Chaoshan via the Han River.

This is the famous "Three Rivers and Dams Divide Troops" in the history of the Party, and it is also the first time that Nanchang rebels divide troops south. This time, we divided the main force, greatly weakened the fighting capacity, and Zhu De's troops were in danger because they were isolated and helpless.

Later, Marshal Nie Rongzhen recalled that it was completely wrong to leave our strongest main division to defend the Sanjiang Dam.

Shantou is an important Haikou city in eastern Guangdong and an important destination to the south.

After the rebels occupied Shantou, they immediately issued a notice to protect the people and restore social order. Imagine standing firm first and waiting for international assistance to develop again.

However, the expected international assistance did not appear. On the contrary, the enemy hiding at sea, with the support of imperialist warships, constantly provoked the rebels. In particular, the Kuomintang army stepped up its push to Dongjiang, attacked the insurgents, and reached Chaoshan.

In Chaoshan, the insurgents split up for the second time. The front committee decided to leave more than 65,438 people in the third division of the 20th Army, led by Zhou Yiqun, to guard the Chaoshan area. He Long and Ye Ting led about 6,500 people to occupy Jieyang.

After two splits, the rebels were actually divided into three and their strength was further weakened. This laid the groundwork for the failure of the rebels.

When the rebel army failed to gain a foothold in Shantou, the enemy's heavy troops quietly gathered around Chaoshan.

All three forces of the rebels are facing a situation of heavy pressure. Zhu De led the troops in Sanheba, and was kept under surveillance, unable to move.

Zhou Yiqun led more than 654.38+million people who stayed in Chaoshan, all of them were recruits and trainees who lacked training, and one third were the sick and wounded. When the enemy was strong and we were weak, the troops were left hanging and there was no danger to defend, and they soon fell.

Since Chaoshan fell, Jieyang will also fall, and the uprising troops will withdraw from Jieyang and retreat in the direction of Hailufeng. After four days of fierce fighting, the insurgents finally fell into chaos because they were outnumbered.

After the hardest battle of Lianhuashan, the insurgents suffered too many casualties and were too tired. In addition, after the defeat, the morale of the army was seriously affected and it was suddenly attacked. The troops lost control and were quickly dispersed, and the leader of the rebel army had to be dispersed and transferred.

The Nanchang Uprising, which shocked China and foreign countries, failed in this way. As the leader of the uprising, the revolutionary kindling in China continued to fight.

At that time, Zhou Enlai was very ill and had a high fever. He can't even drink porridge. He is often in a coma and delirious, still thinking about the uprising.

Accompanied by Yang Shixun, secretary of Shantou Municipal Party Committee, Zhou Enlai, Ye Ting and Nie moved to Huang Xiuwen's home in Huangcuoliao Village, Nantang District, and then sent a group to Hong Kong to treat En Lai.

Soon, Yang Shixun found a boat and sent them out to sea. When Marshal Nie Rongzhen recalled this experience, he said, "That boat was really too small. It was really a boat. The four of us-Zhou Enlai, Ye Ting, Yang Shixun and I, plus the boatman, packed the boat to capacity. We put En Lai in the cabin and lay down. There is no room for the second person in the cabin. The three of us and the boatman had to squeeze on the deck. The ship is too small, the deck space is not big, and the wind and waves are heavy. The ship swayed so badly that it was unstable to stand or even sit. "

They tied their bodies to the mast with ropes to avoid being thrown into the sea. The trip was quite difficult, and I struggled in the vast sea for two days and one night. I finally arrived in Hongkong, settled down in Zhou Enlai, and paid close attention to the treatment, leaving the most important and precious talents for the China Revolution.

He Long was not discouraged by his failure. He saw a bright future in the crisis. According to Zhou Enlai's instructions on "long-term revolutionary struggle in the future", he went forward and continued to fight. He said angrily with a high sense of responsibility: "The most important thing to do a revolution is not to be afraid of failure."

According to the Party's decision, He Long led some troops to break through the tight encirclement. When he arrived in Jieyang, he handed over 30 rifles and thousands of bullets to the Jieyang County Committee, left his army that had been fighting for many years, and went to Shanghai from Shantou via Hong Kong to find the CPC Central Committee.

1927165438+10 In October, Liu Bocheng went to the Soviet Union to study military affairs according to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, and then transferred to Moscow Advanced Infantry School. The high school held a grand welcoming party for the arrival of China students.

Liu Bocheng delivered a speech on behalf of more than 20 new China students, thanking the school for its warm reception. He said: "China's revolutionary cause has suffered setbacks temporarily, and it is our great honor to study in Lenin's hometown. We must cherish the hard-won learning opportunities and be a Bolshevik. The domestic revolutionary cause is waiting for us. "

At the same time, Yun and Lin were transferred to Hong Kong, Shanghai and other places to engage in secret work.

The care arrangement of the party organization has preserved the precious fire for joining the revolutionary cause and provided valuable talent support for continuing to join the revolution despite difficulties and obstacles.

At that time, the revolutionary seeds of Nanchang Uprising were preserved by the uprising troops led by Zhu De and others who stayed in Sanheba.

This army secretly went north, overcame many difficulties and moved to the border of Hunan, Guangdong and Jiangxi. The most difficult thing is that in Tian Xin Wei, Anyuan County, Gannan, there are only seven or eight hundred troops left, and only Chen Yi, a political instructor of the 73rd regiment, advocates continuing the divisional struggle. The situation is very difficult.

In Tianxinxu, Zhu De reorganized the army. He called a plenary meeting and announced: "In the future, this team will be led by Chen Yi and me. The revolutionary can follow me. Those who are not revolutionary can go home. The great revolution failed, but they will not be forced. Even if there are only four or eight guns left, they will still persist in the revolution. "

Su Yu later recalled that it is no exaggeration to say that this army would have collapsed without the leadership of Comrade Zhu De and the assistance of Comrade Chen Yi.

As we all know, this uprising army and the autumn harvest uprising army successfully joined forces in Jinggangshan, thus opening a new chapter in the revolutionary struggle.

Nanchang uprising, a gunshot, epoch-making. The south is frustrated and heroic, which will go down in history forever.

1955, seven of the top ten marshals participated in the Nanchang Uprising directly or indirectly, namely: Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Chen Yi, Nie, Ye Jianying and Lin Biao. Four of the ten generals took part in the Nanchang Uprising, namely Su Yu, Chen Geng, Zhang and Xu Guangda.

They are the leaders of the rebels, and they are the founders of the people's army. No matter how many storms they have experienced, no matter how many setbacks they have suffered, they have become more and more brave, strengthened their beliefs, and fought to the end.

Their history has taught our generation what faith, faith and confidence are. ...

Hard facts show that history will never forget.

The blood of martyrs proves that history will be remembered forever.