Normandy landing Normandy landing movie

1, which country landed in Normandy? 2. What is the historical significance of the Normandy landing? 3. Introduction to Normandy Landing: Which country did Normandy Landing hit? The United States, Britain, Canada, Free France, Poland, the Netherlands and Norway defeated Germany.

Normandy Landing: Code-named "Operation Overlord" (English) is a large-scale offensive launched by allied forces on the western front of Europe in World War II. Nearly 3 million soldiers crossed the English Channel to Normandy, France. The Battle of Normandy was the largest maritime landing operation in the world, which fundamentally changed the strategic situation of the Second World War.

The German army asked for help.

Although the Germans transferred from Hungary the 9th and 10 armored divisions of the SS, which had just been withdrawn from the Soviet battlefield, the railways of these two divisions in France were seriously damaged, and it was difficult to assemble and maneuver, so they could not arrive in time and missed this excellent opportunity.

On June 20, three divisions of the US Army advanced to a place only 8 kilometers away from Cherbourg. Cherbourg, located in the northern part of Cottontan Peninsula, is the largest port in northern France. The Germans built concrete field fortifications and used rivers and canals to set up anti-tank obstacles. In the suburbs, 20 artillery companies are deployed in bunkers, of which 15 is a heavy gun with a caliber of 150 mm. These guns can shoot at sea targets and control inland roads.

It's just that the troops are insufficient, because the fighting some time ago has consumed a lot of effective strength. General Shriben, the commander of the Yugoslav capital, incorporated the handyman into the combat troops, barely gathering enough troops for four regiments.

What is the historical significance of the Normandy landing? The Normandy landing campaign was the largest amphibious landing campaign in the history of the world. Normandy landing, the victory of Normandy landing, declared that Normandy landing was the second battlefield of allied forces on the European continent, which meant that Nazi Germany was caught in a double battle, relieved the pressure of the Soviet Union, effectively cooperated with the Soviet Union to conquer Berlin, and forced fascist Germany to surrender unconditionally in advance.

As a result, the US military put its main force into the Pacific Ocean to fight against Japan, which accelerated the end of the Second World War. The victory of the Normandy landing announced the opening of the second battlefield of the Allied Forces in the European continent, which meant that Nazi Germany was caught in a dilemma of fighting on both sides and being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, and completely shattered the wishful thinking of the German army trying to defeat the landing of the United States and Britain on the western front with troops, and then deploying 50 divisions for the Soviet battlefield.

Reasons for the success of Normandy landing;

First, the successful organization of strategic deception made the German high command misjudge, which not only ensured the suddenness of the landing operation, but also ensured the smooth progress of the campaign, which had a great impact on the whole campaign.

Second, master the absolute air and sea power: this is an important reason for the success of landing. The allied forces put into battle13,700 aircraft and 9,000 warships, which were dozens of times that of German aircraft and warships. Before landing, the air force bombed the German air base, aviation industry and new weapon development base on a large scale, which seriously weakened Germany's war potential.

3. Sufficient material preparation and careful reconnaissance support: The Allies have made preparations for nearly a year to ensure the successful landing, with a large number of troops and complete equipment. Before landing, the allied war materials and equipment were fully prepared.

4. Realistic pre-war training: Because the landing operation is an extremely complicated combat style, the Allied forces conducted repeated simulation drills on the organization and actions of participating troops before landing, so as to enable the troops to master relevant combat skills as soon as possible and improve their combat effectiveness. After the war, combatants spoke highly of pre-war training, especially Thompson's training base.

Introduction to Normandy Landing Normandy Landing is a large-scale offensive launched by the allied forces in the western European battlefield in World War II, and it is the largest maritime landing operation in the world so far. The victory of Normandy landing declared Normandy landing, and the allied forces opened up the second battlefield in continental Europe. The following is a brief introduction of Normandy landing that I have carefully compiled for you. I hope you like it.

Normandy landing analysis

English name: Normandy landing

Participating troops: United States, Britain, Canada, Free France, Poland, Netherlands, Norway, Nazi Germany.

The result of the war: the allied forces won and successfully opened up the second battlefield in Europe.

Time: June 6th 1944 ~ August19.

Venue: Normandy, northwest France

Character: Eisenhower Rangstedt

Details of the Normandy landing

Cross the strait

The purpose of the campaign is to cross the English Channel, seize a strategic landing point in northern France, and create conditions for opening up the second battlefield in Europe and finally defeating Germany. The campaign attempted to land in Normandy and seize the landing site. On the first day of landing 12, the landing site expanded to 100km wide and 100km deep. It is planned to parachute two American paratroopers on the right wing of the landing site, cut off the German reinforcements to Cherbourg, and seize the "Utah" beachhead position with the cooperation of the landing forces, and parachute/kloc-0 British paratroopers on the left wing to seize the Kang En Canal crossing point. Then the first batch of eight reinforced battalions landed on five beaches and established landing sites. After consolidating and expanding the landing site, the follow-up troops landed, the right wing first captured Cherbourg, and the left wing passed the Kangen River to St. Luo. In the second stage, the port city, Baye, Izni and Karantan were captured. In the third stage, we captured Brittany, advanced into the Seine, and went straight to Paris. 1944 65438+1October 2 1 day, Eisenhower (centre) held the first meeting of the high command of the Normandy landing expeditionary force at Norfolk Hotel. At the meeting, the plan of the Normandy landing operation was clarified, making this meeting the most important military meeting of the allied forces in World War II.

Landing on the beach

On d-day, only 2 1 armored division organized a counterattack, but the division commander was not in the command post, and the chief of staff had no right to mobilize the assembled troops, so he had to send his only 24 No.4 tanks to attack the British army east of Caen. Due to the hasty dispatch, inadequate preparation and no infantry support, it was easily repelled by the British army. On the afternoon of the same day, the teacher Fehtinger rushed back to the headquarters and assembled his subordinate troops to attack Luke Town between Juno Beach and Baojian Beach. At that time, there was a gap of several thousand meters between the two beaches, and the German counterattack hit the key of the Allies, which would bring great difficulties to the Allies. While 2 1 armored division marched, 500 allied transport planes flew overhead to transport follow-up troops and supplies for the British 6th Airborne Division, but Fehtinger mistakenly thought that allied paratroopers just wanted to attack their own troops from front to back, panicked, gave up the counterattack and hurried back. Besides, the Germans had nothing to fight back on D-Day.

Germany was defeated

1June 6, 944, which was predicted by Rommel as the decisive 24 hours, was called the longest day in history by Eisenhower, and it passed peacefully. 1on June 7, 944, Hitler handed over the command of five armored divisions in the western armored cluster to Rommel. Rommel was determined to use this elite force to fight back, but in the face of the grim situation, he had to set the first goal of fighting back as preventing the Allies from connecting five landing beaches into a complete landing site, and then ensuring Caen and Cherbourg. Unfortunately, this armored unit came from 100 ~ 200 kilometers away, and could not be put into operation under the fierce air strikes of the allied forces. Even if sporadic troops arrived at the beach, they suffered heavy casualties under the bombing of allied warships and lost their former prestige. In this way, during the whole day from June 7, 65438 to June 7, 0944, the Germans could not launch a decisive large-scale counterattack under the overwhelming firepower of the allied naval and air forces.

combined operations

After the allied forces landed on the beach and became the landing point to consolidate unity, they developed inland as scheduled, and the US 1 Army captured Cherbourg and took the main attack. The second British army stormed Caen, creating the illusion that Paris was the direct feint. Although the initial counterattack of the Germans failed, they were unwilling to let the allies develop like this. Rommel adjusted his deployment, defended the Caen-Comon line with infantry, and deployed armored forces to counterattack and stop the American attack. However, before the new deployment adjustment, the British launched a pre-emptive attack, which disrupted the German plan and effectively ensured the US attack on Cherbourg.

Victory in San Sovo

On June 3rd, 1944, the 7th British armored division met the 2nd German SS armored division on the way to Villeborge, southwest of Caen. Fierce fighting broke out between the two sides immediately, and British personnel and tanks suffered huge losses and were forced to retreat. Although the British attack did not progress, it attracted the elite German 2nd Armored Division to Caen, creating conditions for the American attack. When the American troops occupied Karantan, the Germans could not withdraw their troops from Caen, so they had to deploy SS 17 armored divisions from Brittany Peninsula to carry out a side attack on the American troops to eliminate the threat of the American troops to Cherbourg. After a fierce battle, the US army repelled the Germans on June 1944, and broke through the German defense line in San Sovo, eventually reaching 65438+. According to Hitler's instructions, the four divisions in this area must do their best to stop the advance of American troops, and then retreat to Cherbourg to defend Cherbourg. Rommel clearly knew that the four divisions had consumed a lot of troops and equipment in the battle for several days in a row, and they were no longer able to hold Cherbourg. Even if they retreat to Cherbourg, they can only keep Cherbourg for a few more days at most. So he asked Hitler to withdraw these troops directly to the Seine and strengthen the defense of the Seine. But Hitler reject his opinion. When there were signs of a breakthrough in the San Sovo area, Rommel ignored Hitler's instructions and decisively ordered all the troops that could be contacted to retreat to the south quickly, which saved many troops.

On June 1944 and 18, the US troops captured Banewir in the middle of Cotantan Peninsula. On June 1944 and 19, the US military showed great maneuverability and turned around and headed straight for montfort, cutting off the Cotantan Peninsula. On the same day, a storm broke out in the English Channel, with a wind force of 8 and a wave height of 1.8 meters, which caused great losses to the Allies. In Sangshu, an artificial port in the US military area, the floating wharf disintegrated, the caisson broke, and the cross-shaped steel plates collided with each other, which was seriously damaged. In Mulberry B Artificial Port in the British section, due to the protection of submarine reefs, the loss is small, and only four caissons are destroyed. At the landing beach, the Allied Forces * * * have 7 tank landing ships, 1 large-scale personnel landing ship, 1 oil tanker, 3 barges, 7 trawlers, 67 landing boats sunk by strong winds, 1 cruisers and 1 ferries damaged by collision, and some ships were detonated by the rough waves. The storm also landed nearly 800 ships, forcing the allied unloading to be suspended for five days, making it impossible for 20,000 cars and 654.38+10,000 tons of materials to land as planned. The material losses caused by the storm greatly exceeded the losses in the 13-day battle, and forced the allies to have serious difficulties in logistics supply. If the Germans can seize this once-in-a-lifetime fighter to fight back, the war situation is likely to be rewritten. Unfortunately, the Germans could hardly defend themselves at that time.

The German army asked for help.

Although the Germans transferred from Hungary the 9th and 10 armored divisions of the SS, which had just been withdrawn from the Soviet battlefield, the railways of these two divisions in France were seriously damaged, and it was difficult to assemble and maneuver, so they could not arrive in time and missed this excellent opportunity. On June 20, three divisions of the US Army advanced to a place only 8 kilometers away from Cherbourg. Cherbourg, located in the northern part of Cottontan Peninsula, is the largest port in northern France. The Germans built concrete field fortifications and used rivers and canals to set up anti-tank obstacles. In the suburbs, 20 artillery companies are deployed in bunkers, of which 15 is a heavy gun with a caliber of 150 mm. These guns can shoot at sea targets and control inland roads. It's just that the strength is insufficient, because the fighting some time ago has consumed a lot of effective strength. The Yugoslav capital commander Shi put the handyman into the combat troops, barely gathering enough troops for four regiments.

Storm plan

65438+June 2 1 0944, in order to preserve the port facilities, the US military urged the defenders to surrender by broadcasting, which was rejected by the Germans. So the American army decided to storm Cherbourg. On June 22nd, the Allied Air Force prepared for the air fire before the attack, and dispatched 500 sorties to intensively bomb Cherbourg, dropping 1 100 tons. Then three American divisions stormed from the south, and the Germans resisted to the death. By June 24th, 1944, Shriben had exhausted all the reserves. He called Berlin and asked for an iron cross medal to be airdropped and awarded to meritorious personnel to boost morale. He is still ready to defend himself to the end. In order to capture Cherbourg as soon as possible, the US Army urgently needed naval gun fire support, but the bad weather made naval gun fire support not start until June 25th. 1944. The navy sent three battleships, four cruisers and 1 1 destroyers to form a naval gun support formation to support ground troops. In order to prevent our own troops from being accidentally injured by naval guns, Collins, commander of the 7 th Army of the United States, asked warships to fight back only the German naval guns that fired at them, and all other long-range naval guns were cancelled. Naval warships fired naval guns for seven hours in a row, effectively suppressing the firepower of German artillery. With the strong naval and air fire support, the 7th Army of the US Army rushed into downtown Cherbourg at dusk on June 25th. 1944. The next day, Shriben and Hennicke, commander of the port navy, announced their surrender, but some strongholds that lost contact with the main force still fought back. The American army used tanks and bombers to attack together, and gradually compressed the remnants of the German army to the northwest end of Cherbourg. 1 In July, 944, the Germans were forced to surrender at the last stronghold of1. At this point, the US military occupied the entire Cotantan Peninsula. In the battle to capture Cherbourg and Cotantan Peninsula, there were 25,000 American casualties and about 36,000 German casualties.

Although Cherbourg was occupied, it was in ruins. As early as June 7, the day after the allied forces landed, the Germans predicted that the allied forces would seize Cherbourg and immediately began to destroy Cherbourg in a planned way. Docks, breakwaters, cranes and other port facilities were all blown up one by one, and the port waters were covered with mines, and the navigation channels were blocked by sunken ships. An engineering expert of the US Army witnessed the destruction of Cherbourg and thought it was "the most thorough and thorough destruction in history". As soon as the allies occupied Cherbourg, they sent a large number of engineers, salvage teams and minesweepers to clear it. It took three weeks to clear the 133 mine and salvage 20 sunken ships, which restored the throughput of Cherbourg port. On July 16, the Allies unloaded the first transport ship from Cherbourg. By the end of July, Cherbourg's daily unloading capacity had reached 8,500 tons. By September, the daily discharge has risen to 6.5438+0.7 million tons. After three months' efforts, Cherbourg has become the second largest port in Europe, and its unloading capacity is second only to Marseille. By the end of 1944, 2 137 transport ships had entered Cherbourg, with a total unloading capacity of 2.826 million tons. Make great contributions to the victory of the anti-fascist war.

Operation Caen

At the same time that American troops captured Cherbourg, Montgomery commanded the 2nd British Army, and on June 26th 1944, four divisions launched the operation codenamed "Epsom Racecourse" to storm Caen. At noon that day, Kark was captured and moved on, but it was resolutely countered by the SS 12 armored division on the left and right wings, and it was very difficult to move forward. 1On June 27th, 944, the British army struggled to repel the German counterattack and occupied Laoliang. Vanguard Armored Division 1 1 controls the bridge on the Oden River.

1On June 28th, 944, the British army crossed the Oden River and established a bridgehead position with a front width of 3650m and a depth of 900m. 1On June 29th, 944, the Germans concentrated five armored divisions to launch a counterattack, and the Allied Air Force used fine weather to launch a large-scale bombing of the German armored forces, which broke up the German offensive. The British 1 1 armored division captured the strategic position of southwest Caen 1 12 highland. The Germans knew the important value of 1 12 highland and immediately organized many counterattacks, but none of them succeeded.

deadlock

1on June 30th, 944, the Germans concentrated all their artillery fire and shelled the highland with all their strength 1 12. Under the heavy shelling, it was difficult for the British army to hold on, so they had to give up the highland 1 12 and retreat to the banks of the Oden River. Although the Germans recaptured the 1 12 highland. However, under the fierce attack of the allied air force, it is no longer possible to concentrate on the use of armored forces and to exert the huge assault force of armored forces. Generally, only 200 infantry and 15-20 tanks can be used to carry out short-range attacks, which is difficult to win. In addition, tanks have lost about 100 in the past few days and have not been replenished. In order to ensure Caen, Rommel had to give up some peripheral positions and put all 9000 people. After the allied forces occupied Karuk airport, they could not advance, and the two sides fell into a confrontation.

1944 On June 29th, Rommel and Lundstedt met with Hitler and reported the current situation. Hitler was greatly dissatisfied with this, and adjusted the high-level commanders of the German West Line, replacing rundstedt with Marshal Krueger, replacing von Schweiponger with Eberbach as commander-in-chief of the armored forces on the West Line, renaming his department as the 5th Tank Corps, and replacing dormann, who had just died, with SS Hauser as commander-in-chief of the 7th Army.

Allied counterattack

On July 1944 and 1 day, the allied forces announced the successful conclusion of the naval operation in the "overlord" landing operation, namely "Neptune". Immediately, the serial number of the East-West special fleet was revoked, and some of its ships were transferred to the Mediterranean and the Pacific. Allied forces also established two new naval base headquarters in Normandy, one in Cherbourg and the other in the artificial port of Juneau Beach, which was responsible for commanding and dispatching the transportation and unloading of personnel and materials. By the beginning of July, the allied forces had landed in 25 divisions, including American/KOOC-0/3 divisions, British/KOOC-0/0 divisions, Canadian/KOOC-0 divisions, * * */KOOC-0/10,000 people, 567,000 tons of materials and vehicles/KOOC-0. The allies still felt that the landing beach was too narrow, so they continued to expand the landing site. In order to ensure that large-scale armored forces can be launched in the future and obtain a favorable starting position for the attack, the US 1 Army immediately sent troops south after capturing Cherbourg.

On July 3, 1944, the allied forces concentrated on 14 divisions and stormed about 7 German divisions in front of the landing site. Because the road ahead is a large swamp and the hedgerow terrain unique to Normandy, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack, and the air force can't move because of bad weather, so the progress is slow, only 6.4 kilometers are advanced in five days, and the casualties are as high as 5,000. After seven days of bloody fighting, it advanced 4.8 kilometers with 5000 casualties. The casualties are so great, mainly because both sides of the road ahead are swamps, so only 1 division can be deployed to crush the German resistance and advance step by step on the road full of mines and obstacles.

American troops landed.

1On July 6, 944, the American Third Army directly under the Allied Supreme Command set foot on the European continent under the leadership of the warrior Barton. On July 9, the armored instructors of the German SS were transferred to the Weir River area to fight against the American attack. Although the division fought hard, it could not stop the American army from advancing. On July 1 1, the American troops on the western front launched a pincer attack on St. Lo, an important transportation hub in Normandy, but the Germans relied on pre-built fortifications to fight to the death, and the American troops failed to do so. So the American army stopped attacking, reorganized its troops, replenished ammunition and prepared for the second attack. And the German personnel, equipment, ammunition left, and can not be supplemented, is at the end of their tether. In the second round of attack launched by the US military, Sanluo was finally exhausted. In July 1944, Sanluo was captured by the US military. In the Battle of Sanluo, Max, commander of the 84th Army commanded by the German army, was killed in Normandy. The US military also paid a high price of nearly 40,000 casualties to capture Sanluo. With the fall of San Luo, the German defense in Normandy was divided into two by the Allies, and the situation was even more passive and unfavorable.

At the same time, the British on the Eastern Front launched a second attack on Caen. 1On July 7, 944, the Allies dispatched 460 heavy bombers to intensively bomb German positions, dropping 2,500 tons of bombs in 40 minutes. On July 8, 1944, two British divisions and 1 Canadian division launched a centripetal assault on Caen with the support of naval gun fire. Unexpectedly, although the heavy bombing by the air force caused heavy casualties to the Germans, it also caused rubble and ruins everywhere, and its damage even seriously affected the advancement of its own ground troops. So the British army occupied Caen on July 1944+00.

Complete landing

The following week, while supplementing troops and materials, the Allies kept putting pressure on the frontal Germans, making it impossible to readjust their deployment. On July 1944 and 18, in order to further expand the landing site to the area between the Yi 'an River and the Divo River, the British army continued to advance from Caen to the southeast. In order to cooperate with the British attack, the Allied Air Force made more intense preparations for air fire. * * * dispatched 1700 heavy bombers and 400 medium bombers, dropping bombs on 12000. The Germans also changed tactics, adopted deep echelon defense, used a large number of 88mm anti-aircraft guns to shoot tanks horizontally, and constantly organized counterattacks in favorable terrain, causing great casualties to the British army, losing tanks 150, and the attack was forced to stop. Although the British attack has not made progress, on the whole battlefield, the Allies have reached the Gangcheng-Comon-San Luo-Lasso line, forming a landing site with a width of 150km and a depth of 15-35km, establishing and consolidating the strategic bridgehead, completing the preparations for a large-scale ground general attack and winning the first position for a large-scale armored force to launch an attack. At this point, the Normandy landing campaign ended successfully.

The significance of Normandy landing

When it comes to the great victory of World War II, people can name a series of names, among which Normandy is bound to land. As Samuel Newland, an American historian, said, "No battle in World War II was as meaningful as the Normandy landing."

The victory of the Normandy landing announced the opening of the second battlefield of the Allied Forces in the European continent, which meant that Nazi Germany was caught in a double battle, relieved the pressure of the Soviet Union, cooperated with the Soviet Union to successfully conquer Berlin, and forced fascist Germany to surrender unconditionally in advance. In this way, the U.S. military can put its main force into the Pacific Ocean and fight against Japan with all its strength, thus accelerating the end of World War II.