Pierce the butterfly deeply, and the dragonfly flies leisurely with the water. Appreciation of the full-text translation of Du Fu's Qujiang in Tang Dynasty)

Pierce the butterfly deeply, and the dragonfly flies leisurely with the water.

Qujiang by Du Fu, a poet in Tang Dynasty.

Go back to spring clothes every day and go home drunk every day.

Alcohol debt is common, and he is 70 years old.

Pierce the butterfly deeply, and the dragonfly flies leisurely with the water.

The scenery of the message is flowing, which is not contrary to the temporary reward.

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Qujiang, also known as Qujiangchi, is located in the east of Zhuque Bridge in the south of Chang 'an, which is called Yichun Garden and Leyuan Garden in Chinese. It is recorded in "Taiping Universe" that it is named because its water twists and turns like a straight river. Later, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty observed the scenery of Qujiang Pool "full of hibiscus", and also thought that Qujiang's name was not correct. He renamed Qujiang Furong Pool, and the east of the pool is Furong Garden. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Furong Pool was renamed as Qujiang Pool. At the same time, the name of Furong Garden was retained. During the period of 7 13-74 1 year (kaiyuan year), Tang Xuanzong introduced valley water into Qujiang Huang Qu, which led to a sharp increase in Qujiang water quantity. There are Ziyunlou and Furong Garden in the south, Apricot Garden and Jionji in the west, and Jiacheng Road is connected with Xingqing Palace and Daming Palace. The pavilions and pavilions on both sides of the river fluctuated continuously, which was the biggest scenic spot in Chang 'an at that time.

Du Fu's life is closely related to Chang 'an and Qujiang. Because of a series of special experiences in Chang 'an, the poet left a profound plot of Qujiang. Through Qujiang, an emotional carrier, the poet changed from his early agitation for personal survival and fame to his concern for the destiny of the country, and completed the transformation from an ordinary scholar to a "poet saint". Du Fu wrote a lot of poems related to Qujiang in his life. Qujiang poetry in each period embodies the poet's endless feelings and is a true portrayal of the poet's mood.

In this poem, the poet used wine to drown his sorrows. Every day, Jiangtou was drunk, so he was covered in wine debts and had to pawn his spring clothes. Even so, he still enjoys flowers and scenery, singing, eating, drinking and having fun. The reader should look back at the reason why he did it. This poem was written in the late spring of 758 (the first year of Gan Yuan), when Du Fu was a "left editor". However, in June this year, Du Fu was demoted to join the army, and became the fourth official of Huazhou. It only took more than two months from writing this poem to being demoted. From here, readers can have a more accurate understanding of this poem by observing the poet's mood when writing.

This poem "Qujiang" (the second poem) and another poem "Qujiang" (the first poem) are "couplet poems", and there are internal relations between the two poems. That is, this article is followed by the last sentence, "Why should I stumble over this glorious body?" Among them, "Furong" refers to the official position appointed by the poet Zuo at that time.

The first four sentences of the work rotate in one breath, but they are fine needles and dense lines. Qiu note: "There are many wine debts, so it is a standard service; Seventy people are rare. They must be drunk. Two sentences should be divided. As far as composition is concerned, it is generally good. However, the "getting drunk before resting" is attributed to "seventy people are scarce", which makes the understanding of poetry superficial. It was late spring, and the weather in Chang 'an just came in handy. Even if you are poor enough to pawn clothes, you must order winter clothes first. Now the spring clothes are actually put on, which shows the classics of winter clothes. This is written through layer by layer. Not occasionally, but every day. This is a more thorough way of writing. On the surface, the "spring clothes" are either waiting for the meal to be done or have other urgent needs; But it was not until the second sentence that it was just for "getting drunk every day", which was unexpected. The reason why the poet is drunk every day, when he comes here, refuses to answer directly and goes further: "Alcohol debt is common." "Ordinary place" includes Qujiang, but is not limited to Qujiang. Go to Qujiang and get drunk in Qujiang; If you go somewhere else, you will get drunk somewhere else. Therefore, buying wine only by pawning spring clothes is tantamount to a drop in the bucket, so from buying on credit to "ordinary business", paying such a high price for having "wine debt" is to get drunk. In the fourth sentence, the poet finally replied: "Life is seventy years old. It means that life can't last long. Since you can't do your own will, you will "think about endless things and make a limited cup before you die. "This is an angry word. It is not difficult for readers to understand the meaning of the whole poem by linking it with Du Fu as a whole.

"Looking through the mirror" is a pair of couplets about Jiangtoujing. This couplet is also a unique famous sentence in Du Fu's poems. Ye Mengde once pointed out: "Poetic language is too clever, but perceptual things have their own natural craftsmanship. Although it is clever, there is no carving mark. Lao Du ... "A butterfly with flowers can see deeply, and a dragonfly flies slowly with water", but if the word "deep" does not have the word "wear" and the word "leisure" does not have the word "dot", it is impossible to see its subtlety. But it seems that you didn't study hard either, so it doesn't hinder its superiority. It is as easy for philosophers in the late Tang Dynasty to do it as "diving to practice waves and throwing jade rulers, and warblers weaving golden shuttles through silk willows". (Shi Lin Shi Hua, Volume II) This couplet "Wu" has natural beauty, but it is not only beautiful in "Wu", but also beautiful in "Yuan". "Seventy years old is rare", life is so short, but "a flower flies away and turns into spring, and the wind is full of sorrow", and the beautiful spring is about to disappear, which is very worth cherishing. The poet is full of longing for spring to enjoy the scenery at the head of the river. "Look at the butterflies in the flowers, flying slowly with water, very quiet, very free and beautiful. "However, such a quiet, free and beautiful state cannot exist for a long time. So the poet wrote this sentence: "The scenery of language is fluid, and it is temporarily opposed to remuneration. "The meaning of" news "is similar to that of" news ",and the object is" scenery ". The "scenery" here is beautiful spring scenery. The beauty of the couplet "Legendary Scenery" lies not only in writing a small scene like a picture, but also in seeing a big scene from a small scene. This couplet can arouse readers' beautiful feeling in spring. It is in the bright spring that butterflies and dragonflies freely wear flowers, drink water, look deeply (that is, "now") and fly leisurely. Without the bright spring scenery, such a quiet, free and beautiful realm will no longer exist. The poet looks at things with emotion, and everything has feelings, so he said, "Let me enjoy the lovely scenery with butterflies in the flowers and dragonflies in the water, even if it is temporary;" Don't even violate this wish! 」

"Autumn Notes" quoted the words: "These two poems were written in late spring because the official career was not smooth." Concise, won the poet's favor. Because "I felt it in late spring", the scene of late spring blends with the feelings of cherishing and staying in spring. Because of the feeling of "not being an official", the feeling of cherishing spring and staying in spring is also full of profound social content, which is intriguing.

The overall characteristics of this poem, in terms of China's traditional aesthetics, are "implication" and "verve". The so-called "implication" and "charm" means leaving room. "Wearing Flowers" is a combination, and the scenery is very detailed; However, there is no trace of engraving in the works, and the fineness is endless. For example, we only talk about "wearing flowers" and don't describe flowers in detail. We only talk about "water" and don't describe water in detail. Readers can imagine the appearance of flowers, the state of water and all the scenery related to it. As far as lyricism is concerned, it is faintly visible that "North Korea will wear spring clothes when it returns to Japan ...". However, how to be frustrated, why not, but keep it secret, just by describing the scene in late spring, express the feelings of cherishing spring and staying in spring; The expression of cherishing spring and staying in spring is just drinking, just enjoying flowers and scenery, just enjoying life in time. The lyric hero in the poem "gets drunk every day" and "the scenery of the story flows, so he won't violate the reward for the time being", and he enjoys it. But there is intention in the poem, flavor outside, sound outside the string, scenery outside the scene, and affection outside the situation. "It is beneficial to measure and study", which truly embodies the artistic feature of "God is more than image".