What are the control methods of apple tree diseases and insect pests?

(1) Germination to prophase: During this period, a variety of pests and diseases began to move, and the time and place of activities were concentrated, which was a favorable opportunity for early control. (1) Spraying aphids. Apple tree bud expansion period is the incubation period of aphid overwintering eggs, and it can be sprayed with 2000 times 50% wettable powder, which also has therapeutic effect on golden moth.

(2) Spraying mites. In early April, 0.5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture was sprayed before flowering to control tetranychus urticae and powdery mildew. Or spraying 20% liuyangmycin 1500 times solution or 1.8% aifuding EC 4000 times solution to control all kinds of tetranychus urticae.

③ Improve orchard ecology. Planting crops such as green manure around or between rows of orchards can improve the uniformity of orchard plants, increase the number of natural enemies, and improve the natural control ability of aphids, spider mites and other pests.

(2) From flowering to fruiting period: During this period, manual, biological and chemical control methods are mostly used. (1) Remove diseased buds. Manual removal of diseased branches and leafroll bracts of powdery mildew should be carried out at any time.

(2) spraying drugs to treat mites. When there are 4 ~ 5 active mites in each leaf, 73% propafenone emulsifiable concentrate or 1500 times 20% liuyangmycin emulsifiable concentrate or 4000 times 18% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed.

③ Prevention and treatment of diseases. To control powdery mildew from April to May, 2000-fold solution of 20% triadimefon wettable powder or 0/50-fold solution of wuyienmycin aqueous solution was selected; Spraying can be started on 10 ~ 15 days after flowering, once every 15 ~ 20 days, and sprayed continuously for 4 ~ 5 times. The selected chemicals are: 600 times spray, 600-700 times solution of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder.

(4) control the golden moth. The adults can be sprayed 800 ~ 1000 times in the peak period, 25% diflubenzuron No.3 1500 ~ 2000 times in the incubation period and 20% diflubenzuron suspension 1000 ~ 1500 times in the incubation period.

⑤ Control peach fruit borer. Market forecast of the year: If you think it is cost-effective, you should seize the time to harvest and sell. Sometimes, merchants require to buy the fruit when it is fully ripe, and they need to collect it later according to the requirements of the signed contract; Secondly, according to the purpose of the fruit, if the transportation and storage distance of the fruit is long after harvesting, it should be harvested at the eighth maturity. At this stage, the fruit size has been fixed, but it is not fully mature, the pulp is hard, and the appropriate flavor and aroma have not been fully displayed. If it is only provided to the local market without long-distance transportation and long-term storage, or used as raw materials for processing fruit juice, jam and fruit wine, it should be harvested at the maturity stage. At this stage, the fruit is completely mature, showing the proper color and aroma of this variety, with the highest nutritional value and the best flavor. Thirdly, according to the weather conditions, if the meteorological department predicts that there will be severe weather such as gale, rainstorm and hail in the near future, it should harvest in advance to reduce economic losses. In order to improve the high-quality fruit rate, it is best to harvest by stages.