What does flood monitoring include?

Flood monitoring mainly includes rainfall monitoring and river water level and flow monitoring. Simple flood monitoring methods include the following: rainfall observation, water level observation and weather observation.

I. Rainfall observation:

For rainfall observation, 20C caliber manual rain watcher and special cup can be selected, and daily rainfall can be observed at 8: 00 every day in rainy season. When the rainfall intensity is high, it should be observed in different periods, such as 2-segment system, 4-segment system, 8-segment system, 12-segment system or even 24-segment system.

Second, the water level observation:

In the representative river control section, a simple vertical draft is set. When there are slope protection or hydraulic structures on the same bank, the inclined draft can be selected, and the zero elevation of draft can be measured according to the requirements of fourth-class leveling accuracy. When there is a flood, observe the water gauge reading in time, and add the water gauge reading with the zero elevation of the water gauge to get the water level value.

Third, observe the weather:

On the one hand, you can watch and listen to the weather forecast through TV, radio, internet and other tools; On the other hand, pay attention to the signs of weather changes, such as sultry weather, rising dark clouds and abnormal animal behavior. It can predict the occurrence of heavy rainfall and improve the vigilance against flood disasters.

Danger of flood:

1, environmental damage, causing economic losses:

Floods flooded farmland, houses and depressions, and people in disaster areas moved on a large scale; Various biological communities have also changed their community structures and habitats due to floods, thus breaking the original ecological balance. Some wild rats were drowned, some migrated to highlands and villages, and the proportion structure of wild rats and domestic rats changed.

2. Water pollution:

Flood disaster has damaged water supply facilities and sewage discharge conditions to varying degrees. For example, toilets, garbage dumps and livestock sheds are flooded, which will cause water pollution of well water and tap water. A large number of floating objects and animal carcasses remain on the water surface, and after exposure to high temperature and sunlight, they are corrupt and smelly. The flood also washed a lot of sediment into the water from underground, which made the sensory properties of the water body worse and turbid and suspended.

In some developed urban and rural areas, industrial wastewater, waste residue, pesticides and other chemicals are not treated and disposed in time, which may lead to chemical pollution in the local water environment after being flooded, or warehouses storing toxic chemicals in some areas are flooded, resulting in large-scale chemical pollution due to chemical leakage.

3, food pollution:

During the flood disaster, food pollution has a wide range of ways and sources, which has a serious impact on all aspects of food production and operation, often leading to a wide range of food poisoning incidents and outbreaks of food-borne diseases.