What are the characteristics of the troposphere and stratosphere?

1. Characteristics of the troposphere: temperature decreases with increasing height, air convection movement is significant, and weather phenomena are complex and changeable. It concentrates three-quarters of the atmospheric mass and almost all water vapor and impurities, and its thickness changes with latitude. The thickness at low latitudes is about 17 to 18 kilometers; the thickness at mid latitudes is about 10 to 12 kilometers; and the thickness at high latitudes is about 8 to 9 kilometers.

2. Characteristics of the stratosphere: The temperature rises with increasing height. There is a large amount of ozone layer that absorbs ultraviolet rays. The height is from the tropopause to 50-55 kilometers.

Extended information:

The troposphere starts from the surface of the earth and stretches high into the sky until it reaches the tropopause, which is the starting point of the stratosphere. In high latitudes, surface friction affects airflow, forming a planetary boundary layer with an average thickness of 2 kilometers. The formation of this layer varies mainly depending on the topography, and is also separated from the rest of the troposphere by the countercurrent layer. Since this layer is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and has the highest density, the air mass it contains accounts for almost 75% of the entire atmospheric mass. The air can flow up and down in the troposphere, and weather phenomena such as thunderstorms, dense fog, and wind shear all occur in this layer.