Feeding techniques of white raccoon dogs

Raccoons belong to Carnivora, Canidae and Raccoons. They are precious fur animals with large skin capillaries. Mainly distributed in the former Soviet Union countries, Shanxi, Kunming, China, Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Finland and other countries. It is distributed in various provinces of China, and is usually divided into northern raccoons and southern raccoons by the Yangtze River. Raccoons in the north are mostly subspecies of raccoons in Wusuli, with large body and fluffy hair. Raccoons are small in size and short in plush, but brightly colored.

(2) Living habits

The living habits of wild raccoons and domestic raccoons are slightly different, and the wild raccoons have their own unique habits, which are more obvious in the breeding period of the group. Therefore, domestic young raccoons can be kept in the group for 65,438+00-20 days after weaning for 40-60 days. 2. Active raccoons are animals that come out at night. Wild raccoons are more obvious than domestic raccoons. Raccoon sweat glands are extremely underdeveloped. When the weather is hot, always stretch your body and lie down, open your mouth and stick out your tongue to increase heat dissipation. So pay attention to heatstroke prevention in summer.

3. Fecal collection: No matter wild raccoons or domestic raccoons, most of them defecate at fixed points, which is convenient for management. 4. Hibernating (resting) wild raccoons often live in seclusion in cold winter (mid-February-early February), and their metabolism is reduced to a low level to maintain their lives, consuming subcutaneous fat accumulated in autumn, forming an unsustainable hibernation and showing a lethargic state. The activity is reduced and the food is eaten less, so it is called winter rest period or semi-hibernation period. Domestic raccoons have no obvious winter break, but most of them have poor appetite and reduce their activities. Attention should be paid to feeding management.

(3) Feeding habits

Raccoons are omnivores. Wild raccoons get food from nature. The main ingredients in China are offal from slaughter such as fish, meat, egg milk and animal blood, grains, chaff barrels and cakes. At the same time, supplement vegetables, salt, vitamins and so on. Mix in a certain proportion to form a reasonable diet t with comprehensive nutrition.

(4) the law of reproduction

It belongs to fur mammals in seasonal estrus. Except for a few in vitro, each reproductive cycle (one year) only estrus, so we must seize the opportunity in production and reproduce in time.

1, estrus and mating The estrus of caged raccoons is from early February to early April. It can be roughly divided into three periods: pre-estrus, estrus, post-estrus, rest and slaughter.

2. The average gestation period of pregnant raccoons is 60 years old. 6 days +0. Eight days. On the 30th day of pregnancy, pigeon eggs-sized embryos can be felt outside the abdomen.

3. The farrowing period is from early April to mid-June, with an average of about 8 litters.

4. During lactation, the young raccoon dogs were teethed and fed at the age of 15-20 days, weaned at the age of 45-60 days, and reached mature weight at the age of 5 months.

Key points of feeding and management of raccoon dogs in breeding period

The breeding period of raccoons is long, generally from early February to mid-April, lasting 2 ~ 3 months, with great differences among individuals. The central task of feeding management in this period is to make all female raccoons estrus and mate in time, and at the same time ensure the mating quality so that all mated female raccoons can get pregnant as much as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the nutrition standard, ensure that all kinds of feed promote normal estrus and distribution, and strengthen feeding management. The overwhelming thing in management is to do a good job in breeding, regularly check the estrus of female raccoons, correct them in time, observe their breeding situation, check the quality of semen, and carry out feeding management around breeding.

(1) During the whole breeding period, breeding males sometimes have to undergo 1 ~ 2 mating and 1 ~ 2 trial mating within 1 ~ 2 days; During the whole breeding period, 3 ~ 5 female raccoons have to mate successfully for 6 ~ 10 times; Because of the great increase of sexual impulse activity, the nutrition consumption is great; In addition, due to sexual excitement, appetite decreases and weight is reduced. Therefore, in the breeding period, we should strengthen the nutrition of raccoons, especially give special care to male raccoons, and carefully raise and manage them.

Male and female raccoons in breeding period should be supplied with full-price protein and vitamins A, D, E and B, and the proportion of animal feed should be appropriately increased. The daily ration is 500 ~ 600g, and it is fed twice a day. In order to keep the male raccoon dog strong sexual desire and mating ability during the whole mating period, and maintain good semen quality, and ensure the mating progress and quality, after mating at noon, the male raccoon dog should be given water and supplementary feeding, mainly from fish, meat, eggs and milk, so as to be as nutritious and palatable as possible and easy to digest and absorb, so as to ensure the mating between the male raccoon dog and the female raccoon dog.

(2) Breeding period management

(1) The feeding time should be coordinated with the setting time, and the setting time should not be set half an hour before and after feeding. In the early stage of breeding, due to the low temperature, you can feed first and then put it right; In the middle and late stage of breeding, you can strengthen your body and then feed it. Feeding time is subject to the right time, mainly to strive for breeding progress.

(2) Make a scientific breeding plan. Before the start of breeding, the overall breeding plan should be arranged in an all-round way, focusing on improving inferior types with excellent types to avoid inbreeding. Before the daily mating, the mating plan of the day should be made according to the estrus check of the female raccoon before 1 day. Under the premise of avoiding inbreeding, the principle is to mate accurately according to the estrus degree of female raccoons and the sexual behavior of male and female raccoons as much as possible. The daily mating plan is correct and reasonable, which can make mating go smoothly and the mating success rate is high. Therefore, it is very important to accurately identify the estrus of female raccoons, seize the opportunity, invest in correct breeding in time, and make a correct breeding plan.

(3) Check and maintain cages in time to prevent raccoons from escaping and causing losses. Every time you catch a raccoon, you should be bold and cautious. You should catch a raccoon steadily, accurately and quickly to prevent it from escaping and being bitten by a raccoon.

(4) Adding bedding grass to improve hygiene and prevent diseases. In the breeding period, due to sexual impulse, the appetite is very poor, so it is necessary to carefully observe and correctly distinguish the estrus raccoon and the diseased raccoon, so as to find and treat the disease in time and ensure the health of the raccoon.

(5) Ensure drinking water. In addition to adequate and clean daily drinking water, raccoons should be given adequate drinking water or clean snow in time after checking estrus or mating.

(6) Keep the venue quiet. No outsiders are allowed to enter the venue to avoid noise and other stimuli. Control the appropriate time, ensure that raccoons have enough rest, and ensure that female raccoons are in estrus and mate in time.

Reproductive and mating characteristics of raccoon dogs

(1) breeding season

Raccoons are seasonal breeding animals, and only in the breeding season can physiological processes such as estrus, mating ejaculation, ovulation and fertilization occur. In the non-breeding season, the functional activities of testis and ovary are in a static state. Raccoon's estrus season is from the end of/kloc-0 to the beginning of April every year, and the peak period is from the end of February to the beginning of March. In estrus season, males are always in a state of sexual impulse; The female raccoon dog has only one estrus cycle, about 10 ~ 12 days, and the estrus lasts only 2 ~ 4 days. So the female raccoon dog only goes into heat once a year.

(2) sexual maturity and estrus

The captive raccoon dogs are sexually mature at the age of 8 ~ 10 months, and the male raccoon dogs are slightly earlier than the female raccoon dogs. Sexual sub-maturity is influenced by genetic factors sooner or later. Nutritional status, nest temperature and individual influence. Wild raccoons in nature mature sexually at 9 ~ 10 months old. After the female raccoon dog matures, a series of synchronous changes have taken place in the reproductive organs. Every year in late September, the ovary ends its non-reproductive period and begins to develop follicles. Follicles and eggs mature in the following year, and estrus occurs at this time. The whole estrus period is from February to early April, and the peak period is from late February to early March. If mating, pregnant female raccoons enter pregnancy and lactation; The non-pregnant female raccoon returns to the static stage.

In the breeding season, the external changes of estrus of female raccoons can be divided into four stages: pre-estrus, peak estrus, late estrus and non-estrus.

Preestrus is the time when the external reproductive organs of the female raccoon dogs begin to change and the female raccoon dogs accept mating. The shortest period of this stage is 4 days, usually 7 ~ 12 days, and the longest is 25 days. In the first 2 ~ 5 days, the pubic hair is separated, the vulva is obviously mixed, the clitoris is slightly red and the clitoris is round. After 2 ~ 3 days, the vulva is red, swollen and elastic, pink, with less wrinkles and more secretions. At this time, the female raccoon dog is docile, sometimes emitting a peak period, which refers to the period when the female raccoon dog constantly accepts mating, that is, the period of strong sexual desire. This period usually lasts for 6-9 days. Female raccoons are extremely restless, constantly moving, losing appetite, frequently urinating, teasing the opposite sex, repeatedly making courtship calls, and even making three or four "goo" calls, or "hum" and "hmm" calls. At this time, the vulva is swollen, the labia valgus is round or oval, there are slight wrinkles on the upper parts of both sides of the vulva, and the mucosa is mostly dark red, dark red or light gray. Part of the mucosal edema was grayish white, the clitoris was obviously swollen and red, and yellow or milky viscous secretions flowed out of the yang door for 2 ~ 4 days. Most female raccoons are very excited, so they will take the initiative to approach the male raccoon and tilt their tails to one side, waiting for the male raccoon to climb over and mate. Some female raccoons also sniff and kiss male raccoons to show closeness. This period is the ovulation period of female raccoons and the best time for raccoons to mate.

The late estrus refers to the period when the external reproductive organs gradually shrink. At this time, the labia folds, sexual desire drops sharply, and she is hostile to the male dog and does not get close to the male dog. It usually takes 2 ~ 3 days, some as long as 10 days. Reproductive tract congestion decreased, the underworld shrank, and they returned to normal.

During the dormant period, the female raccoon's sexual behavior disappears, and the vulva contracts, returning to the normal state before the invitation.

(3) Breeding

The estrus of female raccoons is obviously different due to different feeding management methods, environmental conditions and individual differences. It is necessary to do a good job in estrus identification and timely breeding to improve the conception rate and farrowing rate.

Estrus identification of female raccoons is mainly based on external genital examination, sexual behavior observation and sexual test. At the beginning of estrus, the vulva began to show and gradually swollen and everted. At the peak of adolescence, the vulva is highly swollen and everted, showing an "X" or "Y" shape, with the clitoris exposed and the secretion sticky. At the end of estrus, the yang door contracts, the swelling is reduced, the secretion is reduced, and the mucosa is dry. In terms of sexual behavior, when the female raccoon dog starts estrus, it moves uneasily, wanders around, its greed has decreased, it urinates frequently, and it often licks the external reproductive organs through its cage back or tongue. At the peak of estrus, the spirit is extremely uneasy, the appetite is reduced or the food is wasted, and the urgent courtship cry is constantly issued. In the late estrus, all activities gradually tend to be normal, mental stability and appetite recovery. During the fitting, the estrus female began to play with the male, but refused to climb over. When the male camel climbed over, the female raccoon grabbed her tail and took the male raccoon back. The female raccoon in estrus has a strong sexual desire and stands on her hind legs, waiting for the male raccoon to climb over and mate. If the male raccoon dog is not sexually active, the female raccoon dog will even come out from the armpit of the male camel or climb on the male raccoon dog to stimulate the male raccoon dog to mate.

Through the above appraisal, if the female raccoon dog doesn't bite the male raccoon dog, its tail leans to one side and waits for the male raccoon dog to climb over quietly. This is the most timely mating opportunity for the female raccoon dog, and it is necessary to seize the mating opportunity at the right time. After mating, the interval of 12 ~ 24 hours can improve the pregnancy rate. When it is found that the performance of lying estrus of mating mothers is coming to an end, the method of mating twice a day can also be adopted. In order to ensure the pregnancy of lateral branches, double mating and multiple mating can be carried out by replacing male lateral branches, that is, a female raccoon mates with two or more male raccoons until the female raccoon refuses to mate, so as to improve the reproductive rate.

(4) Pregnancy

After male and female raccoons mate, sperm and eggs combine to fertilize and get pregnant. The gestation period of most denominator raccoons is 54 ~ 65 days, with an average of 60 ~ 62 days, 1.76 days. After 10 ~ 12 days of pregnancy, embryo development gradually accelerated. At this time, the female raccoon dog has a strong appetite, increases her food intake and becomes quiet and docile. After 25 to 30 days of pregnancy, a female raccoon may touch a fetus the size of pigeon eggs under her armpit. After 40 days, the armpit of the female raccoon dog began to swell, gradually droop, the back was sunken, and the armpit stood upright, forming a longitudinal crack and moving slowly. From 50 to 55 days, the female raccoon dog before labor plucks its hair and nests, often crouches in a small room and refuses to come out to move, urinates frequently, defecates frequently, discharges short feces, often calls and refuses to eat.

(5) Childbearing

Mothers give birth as early as late March, mostly from mid-April to mid-May, and at the latest in mid-June. Most pregnant raccoons give birth in their nests at night or early in the morning. Eat more 1 ~ 2 meals before labor, and the delivery time lasts about 2 ~ 6 hours, with an average of 6 ~ 8 liters (2. 13 liters), as much as 19 liters. Give birth every 10 ~ 15 minutes. During childbirth, females frequently drink water, and blood can be seen in vulva. After the baby raccoon gives birth, the mother raccoon immediately bites off the umbilical cord, eats the placenta and licks the baby snail's body until giving birth. Then breast-feed at ease, and the newborn raccoon makes an intermittent "squeak" sound. Weight of newborn raccoon dog 100 ~ 150g. After the raccoon dog baby becomes fluffy and dry for 1 ~ 2 hours, it crawls to find nipples to suck milk, about once every 6 ~ 8 hours. After the mother raccoon dog gives birth, the maternal collaterals are strong, and it is not possible to breastfeed for 1 ~ 3 days, so you can breastfeed with peace of mind. Puppies open their eyes at 9 ~ 12 days old; 14 ~ 16 days old, front teeth and big teeth appear: 16 ~ 20 days old, and the abdomen gradually turns brown; 8 ~ 25 days old; Eat food; You can wean yourself and live independently in 50 ~ 60 days. Some infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases may occur. The prevention and control measures for raccoons suffering from canine distemper and rabies are the same as those for dogs suffering from canine distemper and rabies.

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