Brief introduction of Wang Yun

Wang Yun (653? —732.9.2), born in Jingcheng, Cangzhou (now northeast of Jiaohe County, Hebei Province), was a famous military general in the Tang Dynasty.

Wang Yun was originally from Jingcheng, Cangzhou, and later moved to Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan). Wang Yun's grandfather, Wang Youfang, went to Zhou Min (Zhiyile, now Min County, Gansu Province) to make a secretariat; His father, Wang Hangguo, was once a commander in Chang 'an, and he was also quite famous at that time. When Wang Yun was a child, his parents died and he was raised by his grandfather Wang Youfang. Born in an official family, Wang Yun is very studious, and his talent surprised Wang Youfang. He often said, "It is a son who should prosper my Sect." Wang Yun is a generous man and doesn't want to be a judge.

At the age of 20, Wang Yun became the commander of Qingyuan (now Xiuding Daozhi in Hebei Province). Since then, he has served as a counselor in the temple to increase doctors for the DPRK. At that time, Wei Yuanzhong, the marshal of the Northern Army (now Nanbaichengzi, Wushen Banner, Inner Mongolia) was defeated and blamed on Han Sizhong, the deputy commander. At that time, Han Sizhong was punished according to law, but Wang Yun thought: "Loyalty is partial to profit, power is not self-sustaining, and he is brave and wise. Unfortunately, it is not appropriate to punish him alone." ("New Tang Book Wang Yunchuan") So there is the above explanation. The court therefore released Han Sizhong, and then Wang Yun was transferred to Weinan (now Weinan, Shaanxi).

In the first year of the Ninth Dynasty (700), Prime Minister Wei was demoted as a captain of Gaoyao (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong) for offending Wu Zetian's favorite, and Si Licheng, Gao Kan and Feng Ge counselor Zhang were all involved in this incident and exiled to Lingnan. Wei is famous for his loyalty and righteousness, so Wang Yun plays Wu Zetian to defend Wei. Song Jing, the housekeeper of Fengge, hurriedly advised, "Duke Wei is all right. You must sit with dignity and reason to avoid embarrassment." Wang Yun said righteously: "Wei was convicted, but he was excited by righteousness, and there was no hatred." Wang Yun's words made Song Jing feel ashamed. He felt ashamed. He sighed: "Jing can't be wronged, and he owes a lot to the court." (Zi Tongzhi Jian, Volume 207)

In the last years of Jinglong, Wang Yun became the governor of Guizhou (now Guilin, Guangxi). At that time, troops were stationed in Guizhou. In order to make up for the garrison, it took a lot of trouble to transport grain from Hengyang (now Hengyang, Hunan Province) and Yong (now Lingling, Hunan Province) hundreds of miles away. After Wang Yun took office, he built battlements, which improved the defensive ability of Guizhou City, and then called on the defenders to stop, thus solving the problem of grain transportation. During Wang Yun's tenure, he also built water conservancy projects and reclaimed thousands of hectares of farmland, which made the people well fed and clothed.

In August of the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (7 12), Prince Li Longji succeeded to the throne. Although Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was the son of heaven, most of the prime ministers of the dynasty were followers of Princess Taiping. Therefore, the right servant of Shangshu shot Liu Youqiu and Tang Xuanzong to discuss countermeasures and prepare for the catch. As a result, things leaked out, and Tang Xuanzong had to send Liu Youqiu to Fengzhou (Fengchuan, now Fengchuan, Guangdong). Cui Zhuo instructed Zhou Lizhen, the governor of Guangzhou, to harm Liu Youqiu. Because going to Fengzhou had to go through Guangxi, Wang Yun learned of the plot and detained Liu Youqiu in Guangxi. After learning the news, he wrote to Wang Yun for help many times, but Wang Yun ignored it. Zhou Lizhen took the matter to court. After receiving the official document, Cui Kun repeatedly pressured Wang Yun to send Liu Youqiu, but Wang Yun still ignored it. Liu Youqiu anxiously asked, "impossible. I'm afraid I will tire you. What can I do? " So he insisted that Wang Yun let him go to Guangzhou to avoid being implicated. Wang Yun explained to him, "Public seats are not reserved for friends. Now, I can't bear to be innocent and die. " Under the protection of Wang Yun, Liu Youqiu finally stayed in Guizhou, thus saving his life.

In the first year of Kaiyuan (7 13), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty eradicated Princess Taiping and her henchmen, and Cui Kun and others were beheaded. In August, Liu Youqiu returned to power as a servant and military commander of Shangshu. "So, you asked for a stone carving." ("New Tang Book Wang Yunchuan")

Because Wang Yun is an official, he has benefited one party. Later, Wang Yun went back to his hometown to go to the grave, and the people of Guangxi wrote to the court together to ask Wang Yun to stay in office. After hearing the news, the imperial court issued a special imperial edict to commend Wang Yun's achievements: "That was a foreign country stealing the border, and the household registration withered and the appointment was lost. Your work is strong and economical, far and quiet, and you have a wide range of interests, including hidden pursuits and many businesses. It is appropriate to succeed in politics, and it is safe here and the people are invited, so they don't have to come. " Wang Yun spent a year in Guizhou. When he left, the people of Guizhou carved a stone and erected a monument to praise his achievements.

Protecting Liu Youqiu won the trust of Tang Xuanzong, and with outstanding achievements, Wang Yun's official position did not move up for a year. In the second year of Kaiyuan (7 14), on the 13th day of the first month, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty summoned a local official with remarkable achievements to be an official in Beijing. After Wang Yun entered Beijing, he was appointed as Daqing, deputy general manager of Beiyang Army. In February, Wang Yun was appointed as the general manager of Beidu Hufu (governing the same city, now south of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia) and Shuofang Road. Feng 'an (Yongning West, Ningxia, where the army is located), Dingyuan (Yongning North, Ningxia, where the army is located), Sanshui surrender city and its nearby troops were all under the command of Wang Yun, which can be described as infinite scenery. At the same time, the capital of the bachelor of Anbei University was moved to the surrender city (now Baotou West, Inner Mongolia), and the troops were stationed to guard against Turks. Soon, Wang Yun was transferred as a servant and a priest in Longyou.

At this time, the war between Tang and Tubo was still going on with Dragon and the Western Regions. The two battlefields cooperate with each other, and Helong area is the main battlefield. The Tang Dynasty adopted the method of relying on military towns, concentrated its forces relatively, implemented mobile defense, waited for an opportunity to counterattack, and gradually expanded its control area. Tubo, on the other hand, took the land where the Yellow River meanders in Hexi (now the land where the Yellow River meanders in the southeast of Qinghai) as its logistics base, and constantly attacked and plundered the Helong area.

On August 20th of the same year, the Tubo general Uncle Da Yan and Xu led an army of 654.38+ 10,000 (more than 654.38+ 10,000) to Lintao County (governing the United States, now Lintan, Gansu Province), and then attacked Wei County (governing Zicheng, now Lanzhou, Gansu Province). On the orders of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Yun went to resist with General Zuo Yulin, Xue Ne, the defense envoy of Longyou, and Guo Zhiyun, the right general. Tang Xuanzong also ordered a large-scale recruitment of warriors throughout the country to supplement the troops in Hexi and Gansu.

In October, Tubo attacked Weiyuan again. The next day, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty issued a letter to prepare for a personal expedition, and sent 65,438+10,000 troops and 40,000 military forces to meet Tubo. On the tenth day, Xue Ne led an army to Wu Jie Post (now Lintao East, Gansu) to fight the Tubo army. Wang Yun led 2000 soldiers and horses to attack Daitaniguchi 20 miles away day and night to cooperate with Xue Ne's army. At that time, all the 654.38+ 10,000 troops led by Tibetan general Yan Dayan were stationed here, and the strength of the two sides was very different. If we defend at this time, Tang Jun is in danger of being wiped out. Knowing that war is unscrupulous, Wang Yun decided to lead an army to attack by surprise. Wang Yun selected 700 elite soldiers to put on Tibetan combat uniforms and divided them into two teams to attack Tibetan military camps by night. The drums were placed five miles in front of the procession. When the front team arrived at the camp, they shouted loudly, and the back team, five miles away, drummed and trumpeted and cheered. The Tubo army thought that Tang Jun's main force had arrived, and was terrified, killing each other and killing more than 10,000 people.

After the success of the first battle, Wang Yun immediately organized Tang Jun to pursue to the Wu Jie post. At this point, Xue Ne to attack the Tubo army, 20 miles away from Dalai Valley, was blocked by the Tubo army. In this way, the Tubo army was compressed into a ball by Tang Jun from both ends, and everywhere was crowded with defeated Tubo soldiers. Wang Yun once again selected elite soldiers to sneak attack the Tubo army by night, and the Tubo army immediately made a mess. At this time, Xue Ne also led the army to kill, and Tang Jun attacked before and after, and defeated the Tubo army. Yan Dayan led the remnants to flee to Taoshui (now northwest of Lintan, Gansu). Wang Yun and Xue Ne joined hands to attack Taoshui, fought fiercely in Changbao (now Lintao, Gansu), defeated the Tubo army, beheaded 1.7 million, and intercepted cattle and sheep 1.2 million. When the Tubo army came to no way back, they made a last stand and fought to the death. Xue Ne's pioneer, a promising prince, led the envoy to surround Wang Haibin (whose son was the famous Wang Zhongsi) into his own array, and Tang would be jealous of his meritorious military service, and later he did not send troops to reinforce him, so that he died. After Wang Yun and Xue Ne led the main force to arrive, they divided their forces to surround the Tubo remnants and annihilate them all. The murdered Tubo army is full of corpses, and the Taoshui does not flow. Tubo was captured by Tang Jun in Mihong, Liuzhi Township. Tang Jun won a brilliant victory in World War I, annihilating tens of thousands of Tibetan troops before and after, and recovering all the sheep and horses it plundered. After this war, after years of operation, Tang Jun consolidated the defense in Helong area and began a large-scale counterattack against Tubo.

In this battle, Wang Yun was both wise and brave, and he made two surprise attacks. In the end, Tang Jun won more with less, so he was the first hero. After the war, Wang Yun, a native of Qingyuan County, served as the secretariat of Yuanzhou (now Guyuan, Ningxia) and soon as the secretariat of Bingzhou. And worshipped his son Wang Ban as a North Korean doctor.

After Wang Yun went to Bingzhou (governing Jinyang, now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi), the situation in the north changed greatly. In June of the 4th year of Kaiyuan (July16), Ashina, a post-Turkic Khan, was killed by an attack, and his son Khan stopped at a station. However, the spy of the viscount, the younger brother of Mosio, led his troops to attack and killed the runner. For the sake of Bhagat Khan, he left his younger brother to sit in the sweat position, which was called "small killing" by the Chinese. At the beginning of Pijiahan's accession to the throne, the situation in Mobei was still unfavorable to the post-Turkic khanate, and the tribe split. To this end, Pijahan revived the Valley of Desire, an important minister during the silent sip period, to stabilize internal affairs. He also sent people to rebel against Turks in Hequ area and instigated Turks to return to their homeland. At this time, the Turkic families in Hequ area lived a poor life of "no horses and no clothes" because of their small land and large population, and gradually rebelled.

In August, when Wang Yun learned that the Hequ family wanted to rebel, he immediately played to the imperial court: "The Turkic chaos, so he stuffed money and attached it." It has no enmity with the tribe, and its feelings are different from those of the north wind. Well-founded, well-founded, to cultivate its troubles, although regret. In today's meandering river, it is difficult to deal with the problems of resettlement and surrender. The longer the sun and the moon, the deeper the treachery, and it is bound to be troublesome to peek at the gap. Today, some tribes have surrendered, and they are not subject to the military state. They need to move military forces, and they are repeatedly injured and killed. Asked about the left side of Shengzhou, more than 500 people were damaged. Private lighthouse shop, potential resistance, public and private luggage, quite dangerous. If you graze in the north or south, you will keep balance with your family. I asked if there were any Tibetans who had returned to the cloud, but there were many fugitives. The messengers of the North and the South made a detour and passed it on. This generation passed it down and turned it into a boutique. If we gather embers to force Junzhou, Lu rides on the ridge, and Hu Bing agrees, but there are enemies outside, and we are helpless. Despite the strategies of Han, Sun and Wu, it is inevitable to make it win!

Looking forward to autumn and winter, let the Shuofang army make up for it, tell its good and bad, and pity the elk, saying that it is a land of fish and rice and a land of animal husbandry. Those who were assigned to Huainan and Kuanxiang, Henan, were still given to Cheng Liang and sent to the distribution office. Although it will be repeated for a while, it will be long and stable. Twenty years later, with the gradual development of the spring breeze, they will be full of soldiers, all strong soldiers. If people from the north can't be placed in the south, then the North Korean prisoners will be placed in the desert Song Dynasty, and the western regions will be scattered to the right of Qing and Xu, just for profit. Then why not surrender to Hu alone and not migrate?

People nearby, soldiers at the border and people who make friends with Anbang are more flattering, which is not true. Or talk about the collapse of the northern Lu, or talk about the tranquility of the family. If you want to speak for yourself, you should not neglect the country. I'm willing to look forward to Charles' words. I have foresight. I'm lucky to be in Li Yuan.

I look forward to reserving the discussion. The conspirators will follow the story and say that the generations of the family will be placed in the old Hequ. It used to be Corning, but it should be stable today. But at the same time, different things, pass them on first. In the past, valerian was ruined, the border was quiet, and the people who dropped out of the household did not return to his heart, so for many years, this kind of thing was silent. Up to now, the state of Lu has not been shattered, and its family exchanges privately, either fearing the influence of Beilu, or benefiting from Beilu, which is also a relative of Beilu. Doesn't her husband know his relatives and friends, and he will still be on the same day as in the past!

I think there are three strategies. If the horses are filled and scattered, it is also the best policy to get good soldiers inside and help Yongan temporarily outside. If more soldiers are stationed and more preparations are made, the pavilion will be an obstacle and it will take a lot of manpower and material resources. This is also the best policy. If we let it go, let it go, send information, and form a disaster, then there is no way. Fu is willing to examine the three, detailing their good and evil, their interests, and their length can be found. Even if they migrate, they may flee, but those who have migrated are all good today. If they are left to the river ice, they may change. I'm lucky. I'm in town. I don't listen. I dare to say anything. "("Old Tang Book Wang Yunchuan ")

In his recitation, Wang Yun told the story that Hequ "many fugitives, messengers from north and south, descendants of this generation, turned into fine works", and predicted that in the near future, Tang Jun would be caught in a dilemma and finally requested the imperial edict. In this way, "although you suffer from repeated work and disadvantages, you will be stable for a long time." However, this article did not arouse Tang Ting's vigilance and due attention, so it was not reported.

Soon, the Turks in Hequ betrayed the court and fled north. On the second day of October, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Xue Ne, the general of Shuofang Road, to lead the army to pursue, and Wang Yun also led the army to cross the Yellow River and pursue the rebels day and night. When the army chased into the valley at night, it was caught in a snowstorm and it was difficult to move. In order not to delay time, Wang Yun swore to heaven: "If you are unfaithful and heartless, you should be conscientious, let nature take its course and be diligent!" Those who are sincere and loyal will be overseers of Kongming, and should stop the snow and return to the air to help the army. " (Biography of Wang Yunchuan in the Old Tang Dynasty) As soon as the words were finished, the wind stopped snowing, and Wang Yun then galloped with his army. At this time, Tang Jun found that the rebels fled in two ways. Wang Yun led the army to catch up with the Turkic rebels on the East Road, beheaded more than 1,500 people, captured more than 1,400 people, and had many camels, horses, cattle and sheep. The rest fled to Mobei. For work reasons, Wang Yun moved to the left to ride a regular waiter, marched as the general manager of Shuofang Road, and was later named an ancient scholar.

In June of the eighth year of Kaiyuan (720), Gu Zhangbing, a servant scattered at the edge of the surrender city. The Jiao Jia tribe colluded with the Turks in secret in an attempt to seize the military city. After Wang Yun heard the news, he secretly appealed to Tang Xuanzong and sent troops to surround him, and he got the consent of Tang Xuanzong. Wang Yun gave a banquet in the surrendered city, lured Shao Mo and others into the city for a banquet, and then ambushed them and killed them all. Since then, the meander has been scattered and destroyed. Wang Yun, thanks to the work of the Minister of War, was appointed as the commander of Youzhou (governing Jixian County, now southwest of Beijing) and was reinstated as the general manager of the Northern Army.

In the same year, Wang Yun invited the Simi tribe's military forces to the west, and sent the Qidan military forces to the east to attack the Piga Khan tooth in the autumn. However, Wang Yun had a bad relationship with Minister Zhang, so his suggestion was not approved by the court.

In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), Lan Chizhou (located in the southwest of lingwu city, Ningxia) was a guest of Hu Renkang, which induced all descendants to rise up and rebel. In April, he captured Liuhuzhou (namely, the six countries of Shandong, Li, Han, Sai, Yi and Qi, which were established in the Tang Dynasty to resettle Turkic descendants, located in Otog Banner, Inner Mongolia). Population 17. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Longyou, Yulin generals Wang Yun and Guo Zhiyun to be hospitable. Yun3 knew that although the rebels were numerous, they were all rabble, and the strength of the northern army was enough to deal with them. He also said, "The army of Shuofang has its own spare capacity, and its Guo Zhiyun wants to repay the capital." (Biography of Wang Yunchuan in the Old Tang Dynasty) However, Guo Zhiyun has led Longyou soldiers to arrive without reporting. Guo Zhiyun was dissatisfied with Wang Yun and refused to cooperate. At that time, Wang Yun had surrendered to some rebels, but Guo Zhiyun attacked them in order to win merits. Everyone thought that Wang Yun had betrayed them and fled in succession.

In the same month, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Wang Maozhong, a servant shooter, as the ambassador of Shuofang Road, to fight against Kang together with Wang Yun and military envoys. The rebels colluded with the Tangut in secret, attacked Yin Cheng (now Shenmu South, Shaanxi Province) and Liangu (now Shenmu North, Shaanxi Province), and occupied the granaries here. Zhang said that he rode 10,000 people out of Heheguan (now the Yellow River northwest of Xing County, Shanxi Province), defeated the rebels and chased Camel Weir (now the northwest of Shenmu, Shaanxi Province). At this time, the Tangut people turned back, and the rebels were defeated and fled to the west into Tiejian Mountain. Wang Yun led the army to continue the conquest. By the fourth day of July, the rebels were completely defeated, captured alive, treated as guests, and killed 1.5 million rebels. On 16th, Kang was beheaded in Chang 'an.

Wang Yun, who was named the Duke of Qingyuan County for his work, is still an ancient counselor. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave the maid-in-waiting to Guo Zhiyun and others, and Wang Yun refused to accept it. He said, "I am a gentleman, a son or a father. How dare I be a courtier? " Pledge allegiance to the death. "(The Biography of Wang Yunchuan in the New Tang Dynasty) Soon the rebels rebelled against the Tang Dynasty because Wang Yun" betrayed "them. On September 2, Wang Yun was demoted to Zizhou Secretariat (Zhi Zhi County, now Santai, Sichuan Province) for failing to quell the Hu rebellion.

In the 10th year of Kaiyuan (722), Wang Yun, Prince Zhan and Zhongshan Gong were highly valued. In the 11th year of Kaiyuan (723), in the first month, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty toured the north. On the 25th, he went to Bing, designated Bing as the northern capital, changed Bing as Taiyuan House, renamed the state secretariat as the prefect, and took Wang Yun as the official minister, Taiyuan Yin. On April 30, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Wang Yun to replace Zhang as the minister of war and the third scholar in the same book, and recorded the meritorious service of defeating the rebels last time, adding Dr. Jin Zi Guanglu. On May 25th, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Wang Yun as our time for the North Army to unify the armies of Hexi, Longshi, Hedong and Hebei. In June, Wang Yun went to work in the Union Army.

1 1 month, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to the southern suburbs to worship heaven and asked Wang Yun to return to Beijing to be buried with him. However, Wang Yun refused because he was worried about the safety of the frontier, and with the encouragement of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he gave him a dress. At this time, Xu Zhou (now Xuchang City, Henan Province) sued Wang Qiao, assistant minister of Zhongshu, for conspiring with Wang Yun to rebel. Tang Xuanzong immediately ordered assistant Yuan Hezhong to investigate. Wang Yun didn't have any objection, and naturally he couldn't find any results. However, just in case, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty demoted Wang Yun to the secretariat of qi zhou (governing Qichun, now north of Qichun, Hubei) on1February 29th, and seized Wang Yun's military power. Later, Wang Yun was appointed as the secretariat of Dingzhou (happy for the public security, now Dingxian County, Hebei Province).

In the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726), Wang Yun moved to Shangshu, and was re-appointed as the ambassador of Shuofang. On the ninth day of August in the twentieth year of Kaiyuan (September 2, 732 AD), Wang Yun died at the age of 70. The court posthumously awarded him as the prime minister of Shangshu Zuo, calling him loyal and brave. After Wang Yun's death, Li Jue, the king of Xin 'an, called and Khitan returned to the DPRK, saying, "In the war, the sages saw it and sent high troops to defeat the enemy" (Biography of Wang Yun in the New Tang Dynasty). After hearing this, Xuanzong was deeply moved and sent people to Wang Yun's home to worship him. He was promoted to various positions of scholars.

Comments: Wang Yun looks magnificent, and people call him Xiong Hu. Wang Yun is bold, fearless of power and has the demeanor of the ancients. His literary martial arts are second to none among Kaiyuan generals.

Wang Yun's military thought: 1, the strategic thought of "retaining Chen Bingma and allocating resettlement once and for all". Wang Yun pointed out that there were many people fleeing from Hequ at that time, and the North-South messengers made a detour to spread it, and this generation became a boutique. He also predicted that they would soon "come to force the military state, ride on the Ling, and Hu Bing would join forces with the enemy on the surface", and Tang Jun would fall into a dilemma. Finally, in this way, he asked the imperial edict to "go north" and disintegrated through differentiation. "Although it is repeated for a while, it will be stable for a long time." 2, out of its winning, aggressive combat guidance. When fighting in Wang Yun, the station suddenly marched in front of the enemy and caught him off guard. And use the weather conditions to attack at night when the enemy and the enemy are difficult to distinguish. After victory, we can resolutely organize the pursuit, pursue the fleeing enemy with victory, and strive to annihilate the enemy. 3. Strictly control the concept of running the army. Because Shuofang's army is located in a strategic location, and the situation is very complicated because the Hu people rebel from time to time, Wang Yun is very strict with the army. But because he loves soldiers like children, his subordinates are afraid of him and love him. It is precisely because of strict military management and good defense against the enemy that Shuo Fang lived in the town for more than ten years and made important contributions to the stability of the northern frontier in the Tang Dynasty.