15 an important discovery about the human body: the body will move one year after death.

This smart but not self-righteous, interesting but not grandstanding deep space edge Xiao Youshuang _ _ sends a message to everyone! It's a nice day today, so it's suitable for reading the latest information and relaxing.

According to foreign media reports, many incredible things are happening in the human body all the time, and some of them are even beyond our current cognition.

In 20 19, doctors and scientists all over the world made many amazing discoveries, and gained a new understanding of some processes that occurred inside the human body, including how some diseases developed, how the amazing adaptability of the human body was obtained, and why the skeletal features that once appeared on dodos re-evolved in some people.

The full significance of these discoveries may not be known for years. After all, three scientists who won this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine discovered the mechanism of how human cells adapt to oxygen levels from the late 1990s to the beginning of this century.

Only time will tell us how these latest discoveries will affect the future life technology and treatment methods. What is certain is that the possibilities of the human body are infinite.

Humans can regenerate cartilage.

20 19 10 a paper published in the journal scientific progress claims that human beings have the ability to grow cartilage again, and the process is similar to that of salamanders growing their tails again.

Virginia byers Krause, from the Department of Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, said: We found that human cartilage can be repaired, but the best place to repair it is the ankle, the knee is at an intermediate level, and the hip is at a low level. This may be the reason why abrasion arthritis or osteoarthritis is more likely to occur in hips and knees than in ankles.

The researchers also found that a class of molecules called small RNA also controls the repair process of human cartilage.

Dr Klaus said that this discovery is significant because it means that adding these micrornas to human joints may be a new treatment for osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common arthritis in the United States and the world. In addition, this discovery may pave the way for the regeneration of other organizations in the future.

A year after death, the body will move.

Scientists don't fully understand what strange changes will happen to the body after death. However, a new discovery may be of great significance to crime scene investigators. Using time-lapse photography, researchers found that people can still do a lot of exercise within one year after death.

Alison Wilson, a forensic medicine student at the University of Central Queensland in Australia, said: In my research, I expect to see some movements in the early stage of decay, such as abdominal swelling and stiffness after death.

Earlier this year, she published the preliminary results of delayed photography after death in the journal International Medicine: Synergy. She also said that her latest research results will be published in a journal of forensic medicine at the end of 20 19.

Alison Wilson said: The study found that all the limbs of the corpse continued to move during the whole 16 month study. This is an unexpected discovery, and the range of physical activity is quite amazing.

For example, the arm originally attached to the trunk can move outward all the time. As far as I know, there is no research to quantify the movement of human beings after death. She said that the body posture of the deceased is very important to understand the cause of death or the surrounding environment at the time of death. Therefore, any postmortem corpse movement is of great significance to forensic investigation.

There may be a painful organ.

Believe it or not, scientists have even discovered brand-new organs, which they didn't know existed in human body before. According to a study published in the journal Science in August this year, there is a grid-like cell network inside human skin, which can sense pain.

Patrick Enforth, a professor of medical biochemistry and biophysics at Karolinska Medical College in Stockholm, Sweden, said that contrary to the general view that pain is perceived by nerve endings, our research shows that these nerves are wrapped by a previously unknown cell type in the skin, which can respond to pain stimuli and turn on pain perception. These cells, together with nerves, form a reticular structure, forming sensory terminal organs under the outer layer of skin, which plays a positive role in sensing harmful stimuli.

This finding may be of great significance to chronic pain disorder. "We are studying this question, but there is no final answer yet," said Dr. Enforth.

Your brain controls how you listen in a crowd.

Have you ever wondered how your brain concentrates on listening to others when you are at a noisy party or restaurant? In a study that may promote the progress of hearing aid technology, scientists have discovered the mechanism of how the brain decides to pay attention to a certain sound. The results of this study were published in the journal Neuron from June 5 to 10 this year.

Dr Nima MesGalani, a neuroscientist at Zuckerman Institute of Columbia University, said: When we are in a noisy room full of all kinds of sounds, we can block almost all the sounds and only pay attention to the people we want to listen to. We studied how different parts of auditory cortex participated in solving this challenging cognitive problem, and showed how the interaction between these areas selected the target speech.

The brain can adapt to having a sixth finger.

There are many discoveries about the brain this year. From these exciting discoveries, we know that the brain is much more flexible than we thought. In a study published in the journal Nature-Communication in June this year, scientists found that two people with six fingers are more flexible when operating objects, rather than having dyskinesia. Magnetic resonance imaging shows that the brain actually knows how to use and control redundant fingers.

Dr. Carsten Meilin, professor of neurobiology and neurotechnology at the University of Freiburg, Germany, said in a statement: Our subjects can use redundant fingers independently or together with the other five fingers, which is very flexible and skilled. For example, in our experiment, subjects can use one hand to complete a task that usually requires two hands. This discovery may have an important impact on the development of artificial limbs.

There are more microbial communities in the human body.

Scientists have been studying the microbiota in the human body and have revealed many new ideas about these tiny creatures. In a study published in Cell magazine on June 5438+ 10 this year, researchers discovered thousands of new microorganisms that we didn't know before, and they formed a microbiome, that is, a collection of beneficial bacteria in our bodies.

Dr Nicola Segeta, a computational biologist at the University of Trento, Italy, said: People have conducted extensive research on the human microbiome for decades, but there are still many bacteria that we have never seen, observed and described. We have done a lot of work in this research. In the past, we were able to classify these still elusive bacteria as much as possible.

Obviously, there is still a lot of work to be done in the field of microbiome research, and the existing resources enable us to investigate the composition of human microbiome more comprehensively, he added. Finding out the relationship between these microorganisms and diseases may stimulate the development of new treatment methods.

Small kneecaps left over from history

Why does a small kneecap that gradually disappeared during human evolution reappear? This question stumped the researchers. They studied 2 1000 studies on the knee in the past 150 years, and found that 1 1% people had this bone before 100 years ago, but now it is 39%. Their findings were published in the Journal of Anatomy in April this year.

This small bone is called adzuki bean bone, which is a kind of seed bone. Dr michael bay Som, a bioengineer in Imperial College London, London, UK, said: We found that this adzuki bean bone behind the knee appeared in the crowd about three times as often as it did 100 years ago. What makes this kind of sesamoid really strange is that other sesamoids in the human body are as common today as before.

What is the reason behind the reappearance of adzuki bean bone? Generally speaking, people are better nourished now than before. Better nutrition means that people are heavier and have longer bones, and people will bear more strength and torque around their knees when walking. Michael Bessom said that because the bones are formed under mechanical stimulation, the increased strength and torque at their knees may lead to the formation of adzuki bean bones. This may also be the reason why arthritis patients are more likely to have adzuki bones.

In this era, most people think that gross anatomy is a dead science, but it is very exciting to find that the human body has undergone such drastic changes. Dr. Besom said, what are the chances of finding an extra bone in the human body? Considering that this kind of bone was not common before 100 years ago.

Left-handed exclusive genomic region

Why are some people left-handed? Researchers may have found the answer. In a study published in the journal Brain in September this year, after analyzing the genomes of 400,000 people, scientists found several gene regions related to chirality, which are also related to the development and structure of the brain. This study is of great significance because it provides basic biological clues that lead to the emergence of left-handers. Dr. gwinner Ledaode, an assistant professor at Oxford University and a member of the Medical Research Council, said that this study proved for the first time that lefties are driven by the complex interaction of many genes, which also contribute to brain tissue, especially in language areas.

White blood cells help to form gallstones.

Doctors have long known that gallstones are composed of cholesterol and calcium salts, but they didn't know how these things stick together until a study was published in the journal Immunology in September this year. The researchers examined the sludge extracted from human gallbladder.

We studied the formation of gallstones and found that white blood cells are the cause of the accumulation of crystalline substances in gallbladder. Dr Martin Herman, an immunologist at the University Hospital in Herun, Germany, said that these aggregated substances formed nearly spherical aggregates, namely gallstones. Understanding this process may bring new choices for the treatment of recurrent gallstone diseases in the future.

Brain biomarkers of PTSD patients are related to suicidal thoughts.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the eight most common health problems faced by veterans. People with this disease are more likely to commit suicide than ordinary people. However, it is not so easy to know which patients are at greatest risk and how to treat them.

Researchers published a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in May this year, pointing out that they may have found clues through brain imaging.

We found that the location of a chemical in the brain of PTSD patients may be different from that of the control group or the patients with depression, which may be related to the suicidal thoughts of PTSD patients. Dr Irina Esterlis, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Yale University in the United States, said that this work is of great significance, because there are only two drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat PTSD, and neither of them is specifically developed for PTSD, and it takes weeks to months to take effect.

In addition, there is no FDA-approved treatment to help PTSD patients reduce suicidal thoughts. Dr. Estris said that if manipulating this brain chemical can work, then this discovery will be a major breakthrough and will alleviate the suffering of many individuals and their families.

Fibromyalgia can be detected by blood samples.

Some people still don't believe in fibromyalgia, and the diagnosis of this disease is still very difficult. However, researchers may have found evidence and treatment for the disease.

In a study published in the Journal of Biochemistry in March this year, researchers discovered the molecular characteristics of fibromyalgia through a new method, which can be reliably detected in blood samples. This discovery may provide a new target for drug treatment of this disease.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain caused by abnormal central pain management. Kevin Hackshaw, MD, a rheumatologist at Wechs University Medical Center in Ohio, said that the significance of this discovery lies in the lack of reliable treatment for fibromyalgia. Repeatable and objective markers used to identify fibromyalgia can confirm the existence of the disease. Although more people need to be studied, he hopes to realize the blood test of the disease within five years.

Even if there is no olfactory region, the brain can smell the smell.

If you think that our sense of smell only needs the nose, then a study published in the journal Neuron in June 5438+065438+1October this year tells you that the sense of smell is not that simple. The olfactory bulb is considered to be the brain structure responsible for processing odor, but a recent study of two women found that they still have a good sense of smell even without the olfactory bulb in anatomical sense. More studies have found that it is estimated that about 0.6% of women may still have a normal sense of smell without olfactory bulb.

The subjects without olfactory bulb have normal sense of smell, which is significant. Dr Tali Weiss, from the Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, said that these results show that we should re-examine the causal relationship between congenital anosmia and olfactory bulb loss. Although it is not clear why some people have a sense of smell without the olfactory bulb, Dr. Weiss said that one possibility is that the brain can create a sense of smell map outside the olfactory bulb; In other words, such a map is not necessary for human basic sense of smell. If you feel that you can't smell the smell before, it may be medical reasons that make you lose your sense of smell.

Cell death defects may lead to autoimmune diseases. However, if this protein is defective, the dead immune cells may not be removed from the body. Dr Georgia Atkin-Smith, a biochemist at La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science in Australia, said in a statement that defects in this process can lead to various inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmunity. Now, for the first time, we have a new understanding of the potential causes of these diseases.

The brain responds to memory enhancers.

Memory loss in Alzheimer's Harmo's disease and Alzheimer's Harmo's disease may not be permanent as we think. A study published in the journal Nature-Neuroscience in April this year found that harmless current can stimulate the brain to work better. Dr. Robert Reinhardt, assistant professor in the Department of Psychology and Brain Science at Boston University, said: We have developed a new scheme to apply safe, non-invasive and extremely weak current to the human brain. Then, using this new method, researchers found that they can accurately change the way of communication between specific areas of the brain.

The research results have significantly improved the plasticity of the brain and improved the short-term memory ability of healthy adults aged 60 to 70, which can last for more than 50 minutes. Dr. Reinhardt said that this research laid the foundation for developing new non-drug neuroscience therapies. These therapies will be suitable for people with memory problems, such as patients with Alzheimer's disease.

DNA may be just one of many genetic molecules in the human body.

DNA may be just one of the components of human genetic material. You may have heard of RNA, that is, ribonucleic acid, which plays a role in gene coding, translation and regulation. In a study published in the Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling in September this year, scientists used computing technology to find that if DNA was not selected by life evolution to complete this task, there might be more than 6,543,800 similar variants playing a role in heredity. These molecules may help scientists to propose new gene-based therapies for diseases, and may also question the evolution of life as we know it.

Dr. Jay Goodwin, a biochemist at Emory University in the United States, said in a statement: It is very exciting to think about the potential of alternative genetic systems. These systems may appear and evolve in different environments, and this process may even appear on other planets or satellites in the solar system.

For more information about "15 Important Discovery of Human Body: Bodies Move One Year After Death", please continue to pay attention to the column of deep space science and technology information, and Bian Xiao will continue to update more scientific and technological information for you. Heart of the King 2 Click on the demo.