The golden flower near the city comes from that poem.

Until September 8th in Qiu Lai,

When I blossomed, all the flowers withered.

The incense array pervades Chang' an,

The city is near Jinhua.

Chao Huang (? ~ 884) Leader of the peasant war in the late Tang Dynasty. Cao Zhou is a native of Cao County (now northwest Shandong). With a little knowledge of the secretary, he repeatedly cited Jinshi and engaged in smuggling salt. Rich, good at fencing, riding and shooting fairies, Tang Yizong (860 ~ 873) did not arrive at the beginning of Xuanzong Ganfu (874 ~ 879), and suffered severe famine for years, especially in the south of the Yellow River. Peasant uprisings broke out one after another. At the beginning of the second year of Ganfu (875), Wang Xianzhi, Shang Rang and others launched an uprising in Changyuan (now northeast of Henan Changyuan), and the peasant war broke out in the Tang Dynasty. In May, Huang Chao and his brothers, sons and nephews Huang Yi and Huang Enye launched a response from thousands of people. Then the Wang and Huang armies joined forces and fought together, attacking Yizhou (now Linyi, Shandong Province) in the east and Luoyang in the west. The rulers of the Tang Dynasty quickly mobilized troops to attack. Wang and Huang Nai went south (now Biyang, Henan Province) and Dengzhou (now Dengxian County, Henan Province) in October of the third year of Ganfu, and then moved to Henan, Hubei, Anhui and other places. At the end of the same year, Pei Mao, the secretariat of qi zhou (now northeast of Qichun, Hubei), lured and surrendered to Wang Xianzhi, but Xian Zhi wavered and accepted the official position of the Tang Dynasty. Huang Chao rebuked him and said, "At the beginning, we swore to govern the country, but now you are taking officials and surrendering the enemy alone. Where have the masses gone?" ! Anger hurts xianzhi's head Xian Zhi was afraid of public anger and didn't dare to accept Tang's orders, so she divided her forces and fought with Huang Chao. Huang Chao led the army northward to conquer Yunzhou (now Dongping North, Shandong Province) and Yizhou. Later, although Wang and Huang once attacked Songzhou (now south of Shangqiu, Henan Province), they soon broke up.

In five years, Wang Xianzhi died in Huangmei (now northwest of Huangmei, Hubei Province), and still let the rest rush to Haozhou (now Haoxian, Anhui Province) to meet Huang Chao and his men, pushing Huang Chao to be the yellow king, and the title of general was soaring, and Jianyuan Wang Ba was an official subordinate. From then on, Huang Chao became the supreme leader of the rebel army. After the two rebels met, their power grew again. Huang Chao went north again, and then went west along the south bank of the Yellow River. "I want to see Dongdu (Luoyang)", and the Tang Dynasty urgently dispatched troops to reinforce Dongdu. Huang Chao knew that there was no hope of an eastward attack, so he led his troops south, crossed the Yangtze River and went downstream eastward. In Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), the rebels were stopped by Zhang Lin and Liang Jian of Gao Pian Department appointed by Zhenhai (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). The rebel army went south from Zhejiang, opened a mountain road for 700 miles, entered Fujian and conquered Fuzhou (now Fujian Province). Huang Chao suppressed bureaucratic landlords in Fuzhou and killed the stubborn "Chu Shi" Zhou Pu. Later, he led the army south along the coast and captured Guangzhou, an important town in Lingnan, in September of six years. After about two months' rest, in the winter of this year, Huang Chao led a great army to the Northern Expedition, calling himself "Commander-in-Chief of the Rebel Army", and issued a proclamation announcing that he was about to enter the customs, accusing the eunuchs in the Tang Dynasty of being in charge of state affairs, out of order in state affairs, colluding with courtiers and officials, and bribing officials; It also announced the prohibition of insurrectionary army, the prohibition of secretariat and extensive cultivation of property, and the county magistrate ordered the whole family to behead those who committed stolen goods. What he accused was extremely bad at that time and won the support of the masses. Hundreds of thousands of rebels set out from Guizhou (now Guilin, Guangxi), took a raft along the Xiangjiang River, conquered Tanchuan (now Changsha, Hunan) and descended to Jiangling (now Hubei). Originally, I wanted to attack the Central Plains and go straight to Guanzhong, but Jingmen (now Hubei) was defeated by Liu Juke, a general of the Tang Dynasty, and turned eastward. In May of the fifth year of Yu Guangming (880), he shot and killed Zhang Lin and Gao Pian, veterans of Huainan (now Yangzhou North, Jiangsu). In July, I flew across the Yangtze River from quarrying (now the east bank of the Yangtze River southwest of Maanshan, Anhui). Gao Jiao had a problem with Tang Ting, and he was afraid of the prestige of the rebels. Although he was lucky enough to support his troops, he only protected his territory and dared not wage war. Huang Chao crossed the Huaihe River through the back door and occupied Luoyang, the eastern capital, in November. During the March, the insurgents "walked with others and didn't squander money and goods", and people along the way joined the insurgents in succession, reaching as many as one million. After entering Luoyang city, Yi immediately asked the people, and he was embarrassed. When Huang Chao attacked the north, he specifically told the commanders of the towns in the Tang Dynasty: Keep your bases well and don't attack our soldiers. I'm going to the capital. I'm going to the capital to apologize to the emperor. It's none of your business. These words split the enemy camp, so the soldiers marched unimpeded. Huang Chao didn't stay in Du Dong for a long time, then turned to the west, broke through the natural barrier of Tongguan (now northeast of Tongguan, Shaanxi) at the end of the year, and finally captured the capital Chang 'an. And eunuch Tian nan fled to Chengdu. On the day when the rebel army entered the city, it distributed property to the poor. The general Shang Jean announced to the masses: "The Yellow Emperor started to fight for the people, except Li who did not love you Cao. You are Cao, but you live in peace! "

1 February 13 (88 1 year1year 65438+6 years), Huang Chao was located in Hanyuan Temple, with the name of Daqi, and was renamed Golden Boy. Officials before the Tang dynasty were divided into four levels, and all officials above the third level were dismissed. The main officials of its center are: Shang Rang is the commander-in-chief and secretary, and he is the deputy envoy; Former Tang officials Cui Li and Yang Xigu were in the same position (i.e. prime minister); Meng Kai and Gaihong are the left and right servants of Shangshu, and also serve as military envoys (in charge of the guards); Pi Rixiu, a famous poet, is also a bachelor of Hanlin. Huang Chao implemented a policy of severely punishing the royal family and officials in Chang 'an. Few people stayed in Chang 'an in the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty. After the rebels caught more than 100 senior officials and dignitaries hidden in the walls of Zhangzhi, they were all executed. The Daqi regime also confiscated the property of the rich, which was called "scouring things", and all the palaces walked barefoot. The following year, Tang Jun once attacked Chang 'an, and the rebel army temporarily retreated, and counterattacked that night, expelling Tang Jun from the city.

However, Huang Chao did not send troops to pursue Tang Xizong, nor did he first try his best to annihilate the imperial army in the important town of Guanzhong. The Daqi regime also lacked the necessary economic policies, and production and finance were nowhere to be found. In this way, the balance of power between the enemy and ourselves gradually became unfavorable to the rebels. The landlords in Guanzhong insisted on staying in the wild, which caused the Daqi regime to fall into a serious food shortage dilemma; In the second year of Zhonghe (882), Datong (now Dali, Shaanxi Province) defended the war, causing Zhu Wen to defect and surrender the enemy. Li Keyong, a Shatuo, led 17,000 people south at the request of the Tang Dynasty. The enemy's military strength has greatly increased. At this point, Huang Chao found it very unfavorable to be trapped in Guanzhong, so he withdrew eastward in April of three years, attacked and forced Cai Zhou (now Runa, Henan Province), and the Tang Dynasty defeated Qin Zongquan and surrendered to Huang Chao. In June, the insurgents began to besiege Chen Zhou (now Huaiyang, Henan). Zhao Gui, the garrison commander, resisted for a long time, and Zhu Wen and Li Keyong successively came to reinforce Zhao Gui. Huang Chao was cleared in April of four years, and Watanabe moved north, which was blocked by Shipu, our envoy Tang and Xuzhou. The battle was unfavorable, and he finally retreated to the Wolf Tiger Valley (now southwest of Laiwu, Shandong Province) and committed suicide on June 17 (one was killed by his nephew Lin Yan). The peasant war, which lasted for more than nine years, is over. Soon after, the Tang Dynasty perished and history entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao led the rebel army northward to attack Huncheng. After three days of siege, Huang Chao was so angry that he pointed to the tower and cursed it, threatening to break the city and make trouble.

At this time, the Chinese New Year is coming. It snows heavily and is very cold. Most soldiers haven't put on winter clothes yet. Huang Chao knew that hard attack would suffer, so he had to pull the team to the mountain first and fight again after the New Year.

The new year passed quickly, and everyone was pushing rice and grinding noodles, making glutinous rice balls and celebrating the Lantern Festival. Huang Chao believes that "The Art of War" says: "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle." Why don't I take advantage of people's holiday to go to town to feel the enemy's reality and then make a siege plan? Thought of here, he immediately called the brothers to discuss, handed over the rebel army to his younger brother, picked out the dumplings and carried them out of the camp, and went straight to Huncheng.

Huang Chao entered the gate and headed for West Street. Not far away, I saw a group of people pointing at something in front of the cross street. Just then, an old man selling vinegar came across the street, wearing a broken cotton-padded jacket and trousers, banging the banger in his hand. Huang Chao stepped forward and said, "Excuse me, old man, what happened ahead?" The old man looked at Huang Chao, looked around, pulled him to the side of the road and whispered, "Two days ago, Huang Chao led the troops to attack the city and went to the mountains. He will come again in a few days. The housekeeper posted a notice asking the people to send food, alas! This will be a big war. "

Just then, Huang Chao looked up and a group of people galloped. The soldier shouted as he ran: "Listen, everyone, Huang Chao has entered the city, and now the four doors are closed, so we can't escape. If we find any jiaozi, we will report it immediately. If you don't report it, you will kill the nine families! "

Huang Chao knew that there were traitors in the army, so he put down his burden and ran east, and hurried into an alley. Went into a yard and hid behind the door. When the cavalry passed by, it came out and ran north. Not far away, he heard the sound of hooves again. Knowing that the cavalry was back, he turned and got into a small yard.

Huang Chao plugged in the door and was about to enter the room when he saw an old man coming out of the room. It was the old man who talked to himself in the cross street and hurried over and said; . "Old man, be kind and hide me." The old man paused when he saw Huang Chao, and then nodded in agreement.

At this time, there was a quick pounding of hooves in the street, and then someone knocked at the door. The old man was in a hurry, so he didn't want to say anything. He hurriedly led Huang Chao to the backyard, came to the vinegar jar, opened the cylinder cover and let him in, saying, "Guest, be wronged first!" The old man was about to sweep the floor with a broom when suddenly the door was knocked open and a dozen officers and men broke in and surrounded the old man. The leader of the officers and men said, "Why do you want to insert the door in broad daylight?" The old man said, "I'm afraid thieves will come in and steal." The leader asked, "There is a great man. Where did you hide him? " The old man said, "My door is plugged in, and no one comes in!" " "A leader scolded," nonsense! He has obviously arrived. You don't want to live! " The old man said, "sir, if you don't believe me, please search." ".The leader ordered the search, and a dozen officers and men immediately entered the house, rummaged through everything, table tennis rang wildly, and many things were broken, and the jealousy was broken, and vinegar flowed all over the yard. Fortunately, they didn't continue to rummage.

After the officers and men left, Chao Huang climbed out of the jar and saw the yard full of broken pieces. The old man wept bitterly in front of the jar. He rushed over to comfort and said, "Don't cry, old man. I'll pay you a few mouthfuls in a couple of days. "

The old man stood up and said, "Sir, please go quickly. They are already ahead, and they will come back if they can't find anyone. "

Huang Chao asked, "Old man, it's not dark yet, and there are officers and men everywhere. Where can I get out of town? "

The old man said, "Go out of this alley, enter the opposite yard, and go out from the back to Tianqi Temple. You should hide in the temple first. After dark, walk south along the city wall, there is a gap more than two feet away, and you can go out from there. " Seeing that the old man was kind and honest, Huang Chao further asked, "Old man, what is the beauty of this city? Huang Chao's 100,000-strong army attacked for three days and was invincible? " The old man said, "The guest officer didn't know that this city was built during the first emperor's period. The city wall is high and thick, with rollers on it and archers hidden in the hatchback. " Huang Chao asked, "Is that impossible?"

The old man said, "If you want to attack the city, you can't enter through the gate, but through the gap in Tianqi Temple." Huang Chao was very happy. He turned to go, and then turned to ask, "Grandpa, do you know who I am?" The old man hesitated: "You are General Huang." Huang Chao said, "Tang Bing accused me of killing people, and I didn't spit bones when I ate people. Aren't you afraid of me? " The old man said, "That's what the housekeeper said. Can the housekeeper have a good word? " We poor people look forward to your arrival. "Huang Chao was very moved. I didn't expect the people to respect him so much. He said, "Old man, do you have any red paper at home?" The old man said, "there is no ready-made, but you can buy it in the store." Huang Chao said, "On the fifteenth day of the first month, you buy some red paper, tie a lantern and hang it on the eaves. "

After Huang Chao left, the old man passed the news to his neighbors. Soon all the poor people in the city knew about it, and every household bought red paper lanterns.

Huang Chao returned to the camp and immediately called the soldiers to discuss. On the fifteenth night of the first month of the Gregorian calendar, he took 5,000 chosen men, touched the moat, and quietly entered the city according to the road pointed out by the old man. With a bugle call, both inside and outside were attacked, and soon the city gate was breached, and the insurgents entered the city!

At this time, the poor people hung red lights at their doorsteps, and the whole city was brightly lit. Rebels will not enter any river that is a red gate; When the red light didn't hang, the insurgents rushed in to catch corrupt officials and old money, and killed all corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry in just one night. The next day, Huang Chao opened a warehouse to distribute food, and sent someone to send two hundred and twenty pieces of silver to the old man.

Since then, every household has hung a red light on the fifteenth day of the first month. This custom has been handed down.

The Origin of "Inserting wormwood" in Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival was originally a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan. By the time of the Yellow Scarf Uprising in the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao rebels attacked the Central Plains, that is, the Dragon Boat Festival. Local officials then released the wind: "Huang Chao shook his knife over the mountain and his head fell to the ground!" Mobilizing people to flee their homes is to "win Huang Chao". In fact, in order to control the expansion trend of the rebels, it is impossible for the rebels to contact with the people.

In a family in the Central Plains, all the men have gone out, and there is only one woman and two children at home. One child is her own and the other is her sister-in-law's orphan. Her own child has just learned to walk, and her sister-in-law's orphan is one year older than her own child. The woman ran away with two children and her sister-in-law's orphan, but let her toddler walk, but she fell behind. Not far away, I met a man in yellow and asked, "Why doesn't sister-in-law let the older child go and the younger one?" The woman told the truth, and the man in yellow was very moved. She said, "Your fearless loyalty in a crisis has broken Huang Chao's knife, and Huang Chao can't take your head. In fact, as long as you insert wormwood in front of your house, it means that your family is loyal and Huang Chao can't help you. " Then he suddenly disappeared. The woman thought it was the fairy's advice, so she went home and did as she was told, and told the refugees to insert wormwood along the way to break Huang Chao's knife. Therefore, women are usually kind and do more good deeds. Many people think that it is unnecessary to "go to Huang Chao" to grow wormwood at home and spend the Dragon Boat Festival at home.

Sure enough, when the rebels crossed the border, they saw people with wormwood at home, and no one bothered them. Doctors stationed in the army also treat people and ask them about their sufferings. At that time, the story of women's meeting with immortals spread all over the country, and ordinary people stopped "going to Huang Chao" one after another, planting wormwood for the Dragon Boat Festival and performing loyalty for women.

In fact, the man in yellow is a forward counselor of the Huang Chao Rebel Army, and he is skilled in martial arts. Wherever the rebels go, there is no village, and the rebels are alone. Knowing that something was wrong, the counselor turned into plain clothes, looked for the reason alone and met a woman. Suddenly disappeared, jumped into a tree and hid. The counselor did a little trick, which not only broke the government's: "Huang Chao waved his knife over the mountain and his head fell to the ground!" " Rumors won the support of the people for the rebel army and made the people accumulate virtue and do good deeds, so the world inherited this tradition and became the custom of "inserting wormwood" on the Dragon Boat Festival today.

Liuhe is a Hakka, most of whom moved to Liuhe from the Central Plains. Therefore, most people keep the custom of "going to Huang Chao" and "planting wormwood".