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Article 1:

High-voltage power transmission and transformation project in Chengdu area

Study on noise pollution

Researchers:

Research unit:

Research time:

Study on noise pollution of high voltage power transmission and transformation projects in Chengdu area

According to the concept of noise mentioned in the physics of Grade Two, combined with the holiday scientific and technological practice activities organized by Sichuan Electric Power Company, the noise pollution of several 500kV, 220kV, 1 10kV substations and transmission lines in the surrounding areas of Chengdu was tested and investigated, the relevant data were processed and analyzed, and the treatment scheme was discussed. The research shows that according to the current national environmental protection standards, the existing transmission lines in Chengdu can meet the national environmental protection standards, and the substations basically meet the standards. With the increasing public awareness of environmental protection, the owners and construction units of high-voltage transmission projects should pay close attention to the noise pollution of high-voltage transmission projects, especially in the surrounding areas of big cities, and take effective measures to control it, so as to realize the long-term sustainable development of the power industry, effectively protect the environment, and ensure people's lives and living in a high-quality environment.

Research background

The physics textbook once said, "We live in an ocean of sound. The gurgling water and the long piano sound make people feel relaxed and happy. The roar of the plane and the noise of the construction site ... are annoying. " Sound is everywhere. Regular and pleasant sounds are called music, while irregular and unpleasant sounds are called noise. Judging from people's subjective needs, all unnecessary sounds are noise. Under the interference of noise, people will feel restless, easily tired, inattentive and unresponsive, which will not only affect work efficiency, but also reduce the quality of work and life. The phenomenon that the noise emitted by the sound source exceeds the national environmental noise standard and hinders people's work, study, life and other normal activities is environmental noise pollution.

There are two sources of noise: one is natural noise caused by natural phenomena; The other is artificial. Noise pollution usually refers to man-made noise, which is a social hazard. There are mainly four kinds of noise pollution sources: ① Noise pollution sources in the factory: all kinds of machinery and equipment that produce noise in the factory, such as operating exhaust fans, blowers, air compressors, etc. ② Pollution sources of transportation: running cars, motorcycles, tractors, trains, planes and ships. ③ Pollution sources of construction noise: pile driver, concrete mixer, roller and rock drill. ④ Sources of noise pollution in social life: speakers, business, communication and other social activities, household appliances.

Noise pollution is an energy source, physical contamination. When the sound source disappears or certain measures are taken to reduce the sound to a certain extent, pollution will cease to exist. Noise pollution has no characteristics of residue and enrichment, but the harm of noise to human beings has long-term cumulative effect.

Electric power is an indispensable basic energy mode and guarantee for national economic development and people's life. With the continuous development of power industry, large-capacity long-distance transmission will become the main direction of power development in the future. Then, compared with the noise pollution of power generation projects in the power industry, does the power transmission and transformation project also have noise pollution problems? What is the noise pollution of high-voltage transmission projects around Chengdu at present? What measures should we take to reduce noise pollution? Therefore, we used the holiday time to consult relevant information and the opportunity of "Science and Technology Practice Week for Primary and Secondary School Students" provided by Sichuan Electric Power Company to study the noise pollution and treatment of high-voltage power transmission and transformation projects around Chengdu.

The noise of the transmission line varies with the voltage level, usually between 45 and 60 decibels. The noise problem of low voltage transmission lines is not prominent. For general high voltage transmission lines, the main noise is random noise, followed by 100Hz or 200Hz AC sound. With the increase of voltage level, especially in wet or quiet areas, the noise of transmission lines has become an environmental problem.

Power transmission and transformation engineering noise can be divided into transmission line noise and substation equipment noise.

There are two kinds of transmission line noise, broadband noise and pure tone of 100Hz and its integer multiple (pure tone is also called AC sound). Broadband noise is hissing and sonic boom, and pure tone is buzzing at a certain frequency. Weather conditions have a great influence on the noise of transmission lines. When the weather is good, the noise is low, and when the weather is bad (such as rainy, foggy and snowy days), the audible noise increases. Under different meteorological conditions, the relative values of random noise and AC sound are also different. Random noise is high in rainy days, and communication noise is high when it is frozen. The audible noise of transmission lines is relatively high in the first half of operation, and gradually decreases and tends to be stable with the increase of operation time.

Substation noise is mainly mechanical vibration noise of electrical equipment, such as vibration noise of main transformer and reactor, continuous noise of oil pump and fan, and intermittent mechanical impact noise of circuit breaker. Among them, the oil-immersed self-cooling transformer generates electromagnetic noise through magnetostrictive vibration and magnetodynamic vibration of iron core silicon steel sheet; Oil-immersed air-cooled or forced oil circulation air-cooled transformer, in addition to electromagnetic noise, there are rotating noise and eddy current noise generated by fan, as well as hydraulic noise generated by oil pump; Centralized air compressor is noisy and continuous, which is the most harmful.

1 10kV and below distribution substations are mainly electromagnetic noise, mechanical noise and aerodynamic noise generated by the transformer body and its cooling system. In substations of 220kV and above, besides transformer noise, different types of reactors and synchronous phase modulators will have different noises during operation. When the air switch works, it will also produce huge noise due to the discharge of compressed air. The air near the conductive parts and wires of high-voltage distribution equipment will produce corona discharge and noise in strong electric field; In some parts of high-voltage distribution equipment where the electric field is concentrated, when the air humidity is high, local spark discharge will also produce noise.

At present, with the improvement of public awareness of environmental protection, the noise generated by power transmission and transformation projects has attracted more and more public attention. What are the characteristics of noise generated by power transmission and transformation projects? How should we govern? In late August 2007, we participated in the investigation of noise pollution in substations and transmission lines under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Electric Power Company. Under the guidance of engineers from Chemical Environmental Protection Institute of Sichuan Electric Power Experimental Research Institute, we have tested and investigated 15 substations and transmission lines in Chengdu and its surrounding areas, including double circuits on the same tower, horizontal layout of single circuit and triangular layout of single circuit. Substations cover indoor, semi-indoor and outdoor types, so the lines and substations in this survey are representative, which is of great significance for us to understand and master the noise characteristics of high-voltage power transmission and transformation projects in Chengdu and surrounding areas.

The survey was conducted by on-site noise monitoring, and the instrument used was the domestic HS6288B noise analysis tester. HS6288B is a portable intelligent noise spectrum analyzer, which consists of a host computer and a printer. It is suitable for environmental noise measurement, statistical analysis and spectrum analysis. The instrument can analyze and test the A sound level and 1/3 octave spectrum, and measure the instantaneous A sound level or sound pressure level. According to the preset measurement method and the center frequency of the octave filter (3 1.5Hz, 63Hz, 125Hz, 250Hz, 500HZ,/kloc-0)

In the investigation of transmission line noise, the measuring position is selected at the center of the span with the same height of towers on both sides, at the vertical projection from the outer conductor of AC line 15m, and the height of ground microphone is 1.5m, so as to measure the A-level noise. In order to truly investigate the noise status of transmission lines and substations, this survey adopts five consecutive measurements, each measuring time is 1 minute, and the average of the five measurement results is taken as the noise evaluation value. 15 transmission line noise measurement results are as follows:

Table 1: Noise Test Results of Transmission Lines

Line number 1# 2# 3# 4# 5#

Line noise (A) 53. 1 50.0 44.0 43.6 46.3

Line number 6# 7# 8# 9# 10#

Line noise (A) 44.9 4 1.7 54.8 45.6 45.2

Line number11#12 #13 #14 #15 #

Line noise (a) 41.8 44.144.9 47.8 47.7

Figure 1: Line chart of transmission line noise test results.

The noise measuring point at the boundary of substation noise is outside the fence 1 m, and the measuring point is 50 cm higher than the fence. The noise survey results of 15 substation are as follows:

The daytime noise measurement values of 15 substation are all below 60dB(A). The specific statistical results are as follows: the measuring points with noise value between 55 and 60 dB account for 8% of the total measuring points, the measuring points with noise value between 50 and 55 dB account for 36% of the total measuring points, the measuring points with noise value between 45 and 50 dB account for 42% of the total measuring points, and the noise value is between 40 and 45 dB.

Figure 2 Statistical results of daytime noise in substation

The noise measured at night in 15 substation is mostly below 50dB(A). The specific statistical results are as follows: the measuring points with noise values between 50 and 55 dB account for 12% of the total measuring points, the measuring points with noise values between 45 and 50 dB account for 63% of the total measuring points, and the measuring points with noise values between 40 and 45 dB account for 25% of the total measuring points.

Figure 3 Statistical results of daytime noise in substation

The allowable range of noise generated by transmission lines and substations is clearly stipulated in the national standard "Noise standard at boundary of industrial enterprises" (GB 12348-90), and the specified values are as follows:

Table 2 Noise standard values at different factory boundaries

Have classes day and night

Ⅰ 55 45

Ⅱ 60 50

Ⅲ 65 55

Ⅳ 70 55

Note: Class I standards are applicable to areas with residential, cultural and educational institutions as the mainstay.

Class II standards are applicable to residential areas, industrial and commercial mixed areas and commercial center areas.

The third-level standard is applicable to industrial areas.

Class Ⅳ standard is applicable to the areas on both sides of the main road.

The scope of application of various standards shall be designated by the local people's government.

According to the current national environmental protection standards, substations and transmission lines generally implement Class II noise standards, that is, the daytime noise is not higher than 60dB and the nighttime noise is not higher than 50dB. According to the investigation results of 15 transmission line noise, the transmission line noise meets the national environmental protection standards. The noise at the boundary of substations basically meets the national environmental protection standards, and only a few places have high noise values, while most substations are located in rural areas and suburbs, which are relatively far from residential areas. Although the noise value is large, it has little impact on the environment because there are no sensitive points nearby.

Aiming at the problem of excessive noise in substation, under the guidance of engineers, we further analyzed the frequency distribution characteristics of boundary noise in a 500kV substation. The results show that the noise of substation mainly comes from transformer noise, reactor noise and corona noise of high voltage live frame. The specific test data are as follows:

Table 3 Spectrum Analysis of Boundary Noise of 500 kV Substation

Daytime noise

observation station

Equivalent sound level number

Sound pressure level in dB(A) band, DB(A)

3 1.5 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k

1 58.9 18.4 38.4 55.8 55.7 34.3 35.8 37.8 35.8 3 1.7

2 64. 1 2 1.9 44.5 6 1.9 58.7 47.4 44.8 46.0 49.8 45.3

3 58.3 4.0 28.8 45.0 5 1.4 40.3 48.0 52.2 53.2 47.3

4 5 1.3 9.6 3 1.0 4 1.9 33. 1 39.8 39.9 46. 1 44.8 44.3

5 5 1.4 10. 1 34.6 47.9 43.9 37. 1 39.8 43.0 4 1. 1 34.5

6 55.2 25.2 3 1. 1 42.8 47.4 52.7 44. 1 43. 1 39.3 42.4

7 42.2 15.5 24.2 37.4 34.6 30.2 29.4 34.2 34.0 30.0

8 4 1.0 16.4 36. 1 30.7 29.8 32.9 30.6 3 1.3 32.5 19.9

Nocturnal noise

observation station

Equivalent sound level number

Sound pressure level in DB(A) band (weighted by dB(A) A)

3 1.5 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k

1 56.5 9.4 37.4 55.4 42.0 33.7 37.5 39. 1 47.9 3 1.8

2 65.0 1 1.4 39.7 57.7 63.7 45.3 44.5 47.6 47.9 39.2

3 59.2 6.2 28.6 43.4 53.4 42.2 48.0 52.7 53.5 49.6

4 5 1.3 5.2 24.7 35.4 37.3 43. 1 45.6 44.5 45.5 38.0

5 52.6 7.0 30.8 48.2 43.7 4 1.7 4 1.6 43.0 45.8 35.7

6 56.2 32.2 38.3 42.9 53.9 48.6 45.5 43. 1 4 1.8 28.5

7 45.0 0.6 18.6 32.7 33. 1 30.7 28.9 3 1.7 43.8 26.3

8 45.2 8.9 23.9 38.2 29.7 34.2 30.5 32.2 42.9 25.8

As can be seen from Table 3, the noise at the boundary of 500kV substation is mainly low-frequency noise, and the maximum noise is mainly distributed between 63 and 500 Hz. Because substation noise is low-frequency noise, its characteristic is that the attenuation speed is slower than high-frequency noise with the increase of distance, and its influence on people is more prominent than high-frequency noise, but the measured value is lower than high-frequency noise. Therefore, residents near the substation complained that the noise of the nearby substation affected their lives, but through on-site detection, the noise value was not high, which met the relevant national environmental protection emission limit standards.

Through field test and investigation, it is found that although the noise of power transmission and transformation projects in the surrounding areas of Chengdu can basically meet the relevant national environmental protection standards, the noise of power transmission and transformation is mostly low-frequency noise, which will have a certain impact on the lives of surrounding residents. At present, the harm caused by low-frequency noise has not attracted enough attention. Low frequency noise is different from high frequency noise. High-frequency noise will decay rapidly with the increase of distance or obstacles. For example, the point sound source with high frequency noise can reduce 6 decibels per 10 meter. The linear sound source on the road can also drop by 3 decibels per 10 meter. The low-frequency noise is gradually decreasing, so it can run a long distance, through the wall and directly into people's ears. If people are disturbed by low-frequency noise for a long time, it is easy to cause neurosis such as neurasthenia, insomnia and headache. Therefore, active measures should be taken to control the low-frequency noise generated by power transmission and transformation projects.

Generally, noise control begins with the generation, transmission and reception of noise. Under the guidance of engineers, we put forward the following schemes to reduce the impact of power transmission and transformation noise on surrounding residents and improve their quality of life:

(1) During the construction of transmission lines, elaborate construction methods are adopted to minimize the surface scratches of transmission lines. At the same time, using high-quality hardware to reduce corona discharge and corona noise can effectively reduce noise and power loss.

(2) In the design and construction of the substation, high-noise equipment such as transformers and reactors should be arranged reasonably, as far as possible away from fences and residential areas, so as to reduce the impact of noise on nearby residents.

(3) For substations that have been put into operation, the influence of substation noise on the surrounding environment can be reduced as much as possible by the following measures and methods: building sound insulation walls near transformers and reactors to reduce noise through shielding; Improve the ventilation and heat dissipation mode of transformers and reactors or install silencing equipment to reduce mechanical noise. Shrub greening is used on the ground near transformers and reactors to reduce reflected noise, thus reducing external noise.

Through this scientific and technological practice, we have deepened and expanded our understanding of textbook knowledge. At the same time, under the guidance of engineers, we learned a set of experimental methods, such as making experimental plans, collecting field data, processing experimental data and analyzing results. Through the analysis of noise characteristics of power transmission and transformation projects and the discussion of noise control schemes, our awareness of environmental protection has been deepened. So we think this activity is a very meaningful activity, and hope to have more opportunities to participate in this kind of scientific and technological practice in the future.

References:

(1) standard measurement method for noise at boundary of industrial enterprises (GB 12349- 1990)

(2) Measurement method of audible noise of overhead transmission lines (DL 50 1- 1992)

(3) Noise standard at boundary of industrial enterprises (GB 12348- 1990)

Article 2:

Influence of Wenchuan Earthquake on Eco-tourism in Anxian County

And the countermeasures are analyzed preliminarily.

Abstract: Eco-tourism is the leader of the tertiary industry in Anxian, and it is also one of the main economic pillar industries in Anxian. 5. 12 Wenchuan earthquake has a great influence on eco-tourism in this county. On the basis of on-the-spot investigation and investigation, this paper makes a preliminary analysis and evaluation on the damage of ecotourism in Anxian county in Wenchuan earthquake and the influence of earthquake disaster on ecotourism development, and then puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the restoration, reconstruction and development of ecotourism in Anxian county.

Keywords: Anxian eco-tourism earthquake impact countermeasures and suggestions

I. Introduction

Anxian County, Sichuan Province is my father's hometown. Every holiday, we go back to visit my grandparents and aunts. Anxian has a beautiful ecological environment and many scenic spots, especially the Qianfo Mountain National Forest Park, Sponge Reef National Geopark, Luofushan Hot Spring and Cave in Anxian, which left a deep impression on me. Anxian County is one of the hardest hit areas of the "5. 12" Wenchuan earthquake. According to my uncle in Anxian County, the worst hit areas are mainly located in Chaping Township, Gao Chuan Township and Xiaoba Township, where Qianfo Mountain National Forest Park, Sponge Reef National Geopark and Luofushan Hot Spring are located. I always feel infinite regret when I think that the places I have been to many times in the past have been hit hard. As far as I know, eco-tourism is one of the main pillar industries in Anxian County. What kind of losses did the earthquake cause to these places? How to resume reconstruction and development in the future? These questions became my lingering doubts after the disaster. In the summer vacation, accompanied by my parents, I finally had the opportunity to return to Anxian two months after the earthquake and made a field investigation and visit to the scenic spots I missed. Later, with the help of my uncle, I learned about the disaster situation in the relevant places. I think I must write an article to contribute to the post-disaster reconstruction of my hometown. After that, I began to collect information (with the help of uncles and aunts of Anxian Geopark Management Office, Anxian Science and Technology Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau and Forestry Bureau), consulted a lot of information on the Internet, and asked teachers and experts with questions, and finally formed the article "Preliminary Analysis of the Impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on Anxian Eco-tourism and Countermeasures".

Second, the eco-tourism resources and their development in Anxian before the earthquake.

(1) The geographical location of Anxian County

Anxian County is located in the middle section of Longmenshan Mountain in the northwest margin of Sichuan Basin, bordering on Chengdu Plain, and crossing north latitude10405' 45 "-10438'15" and 3122' 20 "-36519". Luojiang county is adjacent to the west; Mianzhu city in the south; Beichuan County and Maoxian County are connected to the north, with an area of 1 39,900 hectares, less than 70 kilometers away from Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County, the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake (Figure1).

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the location of the research point of Longmenshan fault zone.

Source: Internet

(B) Anxian eco-tourism resources

Connotation and classification of ecotourism.

The concept of eco-tourism was put forward by Cevallos, a Mexican special adviser on eco-tourism of IUCN. Rasqui Lin was first put forward in 1983, which is a brand-new tourism concept and brand in the world. Sichuan province is rich in ecotourism resources. With the development of tourism in our province from traditional tourism to eco-tourism close to nature, returning to nature and protecting the environment, eco-tourism that organically combines the protection and rational utilization of ecological resources has become an important choice for developing tourism and local economy in western Sichuan, especially in important nature reserves. The academic circles have different understandings of the concept of ecotourism resources, and different concepts also have different emphases. Based on the analysis of the "four-body" components of eco-tourism system, they define eco-tourism resources as objects that attract tourists to carry out eco-tourism activities with ecological beauty, are used by eco-tourism, and can produce comprehensive benefits of sustainable development on the premise of protection. Teacher Yin Kaipu (2003), an eco-tourism expert, roughly divided eco-tourism resources into three categories: (1) natural eco-tourism resources: land eco-tourism resources (forest, grassland and desert eco-tourism resources) and water eco-tourism resources (seashore, lake, hot spring and river eco-tourism resources); (2) Humanistic eco-tourism resources: agricultural eco-tourism resources (pastoral scenery, pasture, fishing area, agriculture and forestry eco-tourism resources), garden eco-tourism resources (China gardens, western gardens) and popular science eco-tourism resources (botanical gardens, wildlife parks, world horticultural exposition parks, natural museums); (3) Protection of ecotourism resources: natural protection of ecotourism resources (Arctic, Antarctic and mountain glacier ecotourism resources), cultural protection of ecotourism resources (five famous mountains in China, religious mountains and "Longshan" ecotourism resources) and legal protection of ecotourism resources (world natural and cultural heritage, nature reserves, national parks, forest parks and scenic spots).

2. Overview of eco-tourism resources in Anxian County

Anxian county is rich in ecotourism resources, and there are many kinds of biological resources, including 8 14 kinds of plant resources. Rich in forest resources, the standing stock is 4216000m3, the forest area is 7 13000 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 44%. There are 948 species of animal resources, including 77 species of national first-and second-class protected animals such as giant panda, golden monkey, giant salamander and spiny frog. Mineral resources and water resources are also rich, and tourism resources are unique. It has Qianfo Mountain National Forest Park (nature reserve), Sponge Reef National Geopark, Baishui Lake National Water Conservancy Scenic Area, provincial scenic spot Luofu Mountain, Xunlong Mountain Scenic Area (natural cave), Luofu Mountain Hot Spring Resort and so on. The main ecotourism resources are shown in Figure 2:

(1) Qianfoshan National Forest Park

(2) Sponge Reef National Geopark

(3) Luofu Mountain and Hot Springs

(4) Xunlongshan Scenic Area

(5) Baishui Lake National Water Conservancy Scenic Area

(6) Qiangwangcheng and Feiming Temple in Luofu Mountain

(3) The overall situation of eco-tourism development in Anxian County.

Before the earthquake, the eco-tourism in Anxian mainly included Qianfo Mountain National Forest Park, Sponge Reef National Geopark, Luofushan Hot Spring, Xunlongshan Cave, Baishui Lake National Water Conservancy Scenic Area and more than 40 farmhouses. In 2007, it received 6.5438+0.5409 million domestic tourists, a year-on-year increase of 47.28%. The total tourism revenue was 638 million yuan, and the tourism tax revenue reached 6.93 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22%; There are more than 2000 direct employees in the tourism industry. Eco-tourism has developed into the leader of the tertiary industry in Anxian County and is becoming the pillar industry of the county economy (table 1).

Third, the impact of the earthquake on the ecological environment and eco-tourism in Anxian County.

(A) the impact of the earthquake on Anxian ecological environment

Anxian County is located on the Longmenshan fault zone, and the Longmen Mountain in Anxian earthquake-stricken area mainly includes Chaping Mountain. There are 18 townships in the county, with a total area of 1200 square kilometers and a population of 5 1000, among which 8 towns along the mountain, such as Chaping, Gao Chuan and Xiushui, are the hardest hit areas. It is one of the hardest hit areas of "5. 12" Wenchuan earthquake.

Anxian county is a provincial-level ecological demonstration area, with diverse vegetation types and rich landscape diversity in the earthquake-stricken areas. Rare and endangered species such as Davidia involucrata, giant panda and golden monkey are protected, and there are nature reserves and geological parks such as Qianfo Mountain and Sponge Reef. Chaping Township, one of the two provincial towns with beautiful environment, is the hardest hit area, with serious damage. In the mountainous areas of Gaochuan River, Chaping River and Subao River basins, houses collapsed seriously, and forest vegetation was damaged greatly by landslides and collapses. Forest highway collapsed 209 kilometers, the fire escape was damaged 630 kilometers, there were 20 bridges and culverts 108, and the total economic loss was 36.786 million yuan. Taiping logging farm, Qianfo Mountain Reserve, Wangyinzhanggou Forest Farm, Chengbei Garden Farm, Tiantai Mountain Forest Farm, Forest Park and State-owned Forest Farm were all damaged to varying degrees. Collapse, landslide and debris flow caused 280,200 mu of forest land and trees to be destroyed, resulting in a direct economic loss of 3.43 billion yuan.

Geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides caused by earthquakes block river valleys or riverbeds, and flowing water gathers to form a dammed lake. There are more than 20 dammed lakes in the county, among which Xiaojiaqiao and Yingyan are high-risk, and Xiaojiaqiao has basically lifted the danger. Rock collapse and landslide caused by earthquake directly destroy native vegetation, which may lead to casualties of rare wild animals and seriously threaten their survival. The county's forest loss area is 240,246 mu. The damaged area of vegetation in Qianfoshan Nature Reserve is 5000 mu, and the direct economic loss is 274.82 million yuan. Management and protection sites, scientific research and monitoring facilities, water supply and power supply, fire exits, observation decks, etc. Damaged to varying degrees, the monitoring and supervision ability of important protected objects has basically lost. Earthquake disasters destroyed a large number of vegetation, induced a large number of secondary disasters, aggravated the fragility of the ecological environment, and had a huge negative impact on the regional ecological environment and social and economic development. It has a certain impact on water, soil and atmospheric environment, increasing the possibility of potential environmental hazards.

(B) "5. 12" Wenchuan M8 earthquake on the impact of eco-tourism in Anxian.

1, the destruction of ecotourism resources

(1) The ecological environment of the main scenic spots of eco-tourism has been destroyed.

The provincial nature reserve and the Qianfo Mountain Scenic Area of the National Forest Park located in the Longmenshan earthquake zone were affected by the earthquake, resulting in slope displacement, collapse and debris flow everywhere, and the topography was completely changed. Xiaojiaqiao is surrounded by two mountains, forming a dammed lake. After the disaster, the forest coverage rate changed from 95% to less than 50%, and 45,000 mu of forest land was damaged. The buildings in the scenic area have suffered great losses. Bird Garden and Longdonggou ancient plank road were buried by earthwork, Jinxi Lake was filled up, the Tibetan and Qiang Art Museum was relocated as a whole, and the old street and international hotel were seriously damaged. The total loss is estimated to be 528.85 million yuan. The ground facilities of Luofushan Hot Spring Resort were seriously damaged, and the hotel building was seriously damaged, with a loss of 2150,000 yuan. Wang Qiang's famous scenic spots "painting immortals on the wall" and "natural Buddha" were damaged, and there were many hidden dangers in the mountains of the scenic spots, with property losses of 8.8 million yuan; There are potential safety hazards in the karst caves in Xunlongshan Scenic Area, with a loss of 57 million yuan. The dock, garden station, hotel restaurant, power distribution line and water pipeline of Lake Center Island in Baishui Lake Scenic Area were seriously damaged, with a loss of 57 million yuan.

(2) Ecotourism traffic is damaged.

The tourist traffic in Anxian County was damaged to varying degrees. Xiaoba Town, Suishui Town and Xiushui Town were 30 kilometers to Baishui Lake, and Xiaoba Town was 20 kilometers to Chaping Town. The internal roads in Gao Chuan Township and Chaping Township were all damaged due to mountain collapse, with more than 40 bridges and 2 kilometers of tunnels collapsed. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to repair highway bridges because of the dammed lake formed by the earthquake disaster. The tourist roads in the scenic spot were also seriously damaged, including 158km fire service road and 35km forest road invested by Qianfo Mountain scenic spot, all of which were damaged, with a loss of 1287m yuan.

(3) Eco-tourism facilities are destroyed.

The earthquake caused serious damage to tourism infrastructure and service facilities (Table 2), and tourist signs, tourist hotels and tourist buildings were damaged to varying degrees.

Table 2 Statistics of disaster losses of tourism system

2. Eco-tourism disaster analysis and evaluation

(1) The main tourist attractions are seriously damaged, but the core tourist resources still exist.

The tourism resources in Anxian County were severely damaged in the earthquake, among which the Qianfo Mountain Scenic Area suffered the most serious loss, and the buildings in Luofu Mountain Scenic Area were seriously damaged. However, hot springs, the core tourism resource, have not been lost after the earthquake, and the potential of developing eco-tourism in Anxian County still exists in the future.

(2) The tourist passages in mountainous areas are seriously damaged, but the external traffic is still smooth.

Due to secondary disasters such as earthquake, mountain displacement and landslides along the scenic spots, the tourist passage was seriously damaged. Almost all the internal roads in Qianfo Mountain Scenic Area and Chaping Township were destroyed, and the internal tourist roads along the mountain scenic areas such as Luofu Mountain were damaged. Tourist passage connecting tourist attractions: the tourist road from Xiaoba to Chaping Township was seriously damaged, and the Sangzao section of Chengqing Road, one of the main tourist passages in Anxian County, partially collapsed.

(3) The emergence of new tourism resources such as earthquake relics has improved the tourist attraction.

There is a national geological park in Anxian county, and the core attraction and competitiveness of geological relics tourism resources in the country are great. Wenchuan earthquake greatly changed the geology and geomorphology of Anxian county in the middle part of Longmenshan structural belt. The mountain of Qianfo Mountain Nature Reserve has been tilted and displaced, and Xiaojiaqiao in Xiaoba has formed the earthquake site of dammed lake and Chaping Township. The geological landscape caused by the earthquake is rich, which enriches the development space of tourism in Anxian County. Although this road is only initially repaired, I have seen go on road trip tourists from Chengdu and Deyang during my inspection tour in Xiaojiaqiao.

(4) The development of tourism economy has been greatly affected.

After the earthquake, major tourist attractions such as Qianfo Mountain and Luofu Mountain were basically closed, and hotels and restaurants in the disaster areas were basically closed. The earthquake has made local tourists more aware of the risks in the disaster area. Foreign tourists' ignorance of disaster information will increase their perception of disaster risks and affect their choice of tourist destinations, which will cause psychological obstacles to tourists in the short term and seriously affect market confidence. At the same time, the investment confidence of tourism is also affected to varying degrees. The earthquake has increased the risk perception of tourism investors and operators on the natural environmental conditions in the investment areas, and the prediction of the demand scale of the tourism market will be reduced. These factors will affect the development of tourism economy in Anxian County.

Fourthly, the countermeasures and suggestions for the restoration and reconstruction of eco-tourism in Anxian after the disaster.

(A) the restoration and reconstruction of the ecological environment in major scenic spots

(b) Restoration and reconstruction of ecotourism facilities.

(3) Developing eco-tourism in forests, mountains and hot springs.

(four) the development of geological science, earthquake relics tourism.

(5) Developing rural leisure eco-tourism.

(6) Restore and rebuild tourism confidence.

(seven) the use of earthquake relics to increase publicity and education for primary and secondary school students.

refer to

[1]. Anxian Forestry Bureau: An Lin Fa [2008] No.59 "Investigation Report on Forestry Earthquake Disaster in the County".

[2]. Cai Shuhua, Chen Chaozhen. Study on the development of tourism resources in Ganfoshan, Anxian County, Sichuan Province. Land and natural resources research, 2002. (4): 58-59.

Yin Kaipu, Yan Helin. Ecotourism and Sustainable Development, Sichuan University Press, 2003.

Attachment:

1, field trip photos of main eco-tourism attractions in Anxian County.

2. Contrast photos of main scenic spots of eco-tourism in Anxian after the disaster.

3. Some work records and reference materials

4. Some references

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I deleted some words, too many words. ..................................................

Think for yourself,