How cold is it in Europe? Can you freeze to death without Russian natural gas?

Many people don't know the situation. Civil use is nothing. Bear with it. The key is industry, not alarmism. This wave is estimated to be a sign of permanent deindustrialization in Europe. People who have done business, especially those related to natural gas, will know what this concept is. It's like a person wearing a ventilator and someone gives it to him.

You extubated. This is fatal. Out of breath, it won't freeze to death. There are other ways to consider, such as burning wood, burning coal and so on. Your industry is flat.

Damn it. Is it possible that your industry also burns wood? Or go back to burning coal?

To tell the truth, the United States supports Ukraine more in words than in actions, and people in old Europe are sincere.

With living security, for example, industries in Germany, including automobiles, aluminum, glass, chemicals, construction and other industries, all use natural gas, and almost all of them are in Germany.

Pillar industries.

I don't know much about others, but in the glass industry, the furnace for melting glass needs to work 24 hours. Once cooled, it will lead to

Production facilities are damaged. This also means that once the supply of natural gas as an energy source stops, the whole factory must stop running and bear the losses.

Lost. In order to ensure that the production facilities will not be irreversibly damaged, the factory must have a maximum natural gas flow of 70%. ?

First, there is no one in the glass industry who doesn't know German Short. Short is an oligopoly manufacturer of medium borosilicate glass, while medium borosilicate glass and high borosilicate glass

Glass is widely used as a container for drugs and vaccines in pharmaceutical industry. The short market share of vaccine glass bottles in the world can reach 50%, and Xiao

The largest production base in the world is in Mainz, Germany.

BASF, a leading chemical company, has more than 60 domestic manufacturers, the largest of which is located in ludwigshafen.

The total natural gas demand of this plant accounts for about 4% of Germany. The first factory accounts for 4%. What do you think about the impact of gas stoppage and soaring natural gas prices?

That's desperate efforts.

BASF has been using Russian natural gas for many years to generate electricity and produce toothpaste, medicines and automobiles. However, the company table

It shows that the reduction of Russian natural gas supply is threatening its huge chemical comprehensive base. The Wall Street Journal quoted Peter Westheide, a senior economist at BASF, as saying, "It will be an arduous task for factories to reduce production.

We have never faced such a situation before. It's hard to imagine. "

This comprehensive chemical production base is located in ludwigshafen, covering an area of about 10 square kilometers, with about 200 factories and total natural gas.

Demand accounts for about 4% of Germany.

2. About 60% of the fuel used in this base is used for power generation, and the remaining 40% is used for chemical production.

Raw materials for products (including ammonia and acetylene). According to the report, BASF estimates that if the natural gas supply remains above 50% of the maximum demand of the ludwigshafen base, they can

Continue to maintain operations by reducing consumption and using alternatives. If the supply of natural gas is significantly lower than the supply for a period of time

At this level, the factory will have to stop production.

Some things may not have much impact in a short time. Should Short consider the long-term stability of natural gas supply and energy prices?

It is a high probability problem to estimate the center of gravity of subsequent transfer production. Short's factory in Zhejiang, China can consider expanding production.

Europe can freeze to death in winter. Because Europe is not a paradise on earth, poverty and the gap between the rich and the poor have not been eliminated, and winter is because of hunger.

Hungry and cold, naked homeless people and tramps will still die of low temperature. But this has nothing to do with Russian gas.

Yes, there will be such a tragedy if there is Russian spirit. Of course, this is a social problem, not a weather or climate problem.

Problems, countries with winters have such social problems to some extent, and European countries are no exception.

In other words, whether in the north or the south of Europe, it is much warmer in winter than in domestic cities at the same latitude. But as for whether to turn on the heating, Norwegians and Spaniards may disagree.

Germany is not Europe, and Europe is not Germany.

Next is the appearance of Germany, the European "shoulder handle" that everyone loves to see.

When Europe is mentioned without mentioning Germany, many respondents, including the subject, definitely disagree. So in this part, let's look at the major cities in Germany.

Temperature data of the city.

Because the geographical area of Germany is relatively large in Europe, let's take a look at the data of five German cities in the southeast and northwest.

If you compare the winter data of some German cities, the winter data of German cities are near the north and south of Qinhuai line, and this temperature is

The degree is between safe heating and difficult heating.

Of course, people's sensitivity to temperature is different. Wind and humidity will change people's somatosensory temperature, so this

It can only be a simple numerical comparison.

But freezing to death is almost impossible, at least in Germany, just from these figures. ?

Fourth, Europe farther north definitely needs heating. Even in Spain, there are differences between East, West, North and South.

The next part is the favorite part of the answer.

Because you are asking about Europe, Germany alone is definitely not enough, so I will provide a Spanish data for your reference.

Before other questions, I have briefly introduced the geographical distribution of Spain, including outlying islands, enclaves and mainland China. Two enclaves (Ceuta and Melilla) and two outlying islands (Gran Canaria and Balearic Islands) are not discussed here. We will only talk about the west.

The Iberian peninsula where Banya is located.

Similarly, we choose five cities on the peninsula, east, west, north and south.

Indeed, according to the data of the three capitals of Eastern Europe, the hinterland of Europe far away from the Atlantic Ocean is still better than its western partner cities.

The city is colder. The temperature in Minsk is even similar to that in Meigang in the Arctic Circle, while it is colder in Moscow, with an average minimum temperature of.

It was 6.5 degrees below zero.

However, a domestic city almost as cold as Moscow, such as Tangshan. The average daily temperature and average low temperature in winter in two cities are not the same.

It's often near, but Tangshan, which is closer to the sea, is still a little colder.

Air conditioners were widely used in Chinese mainland in 1990s, and integrated refrigeration and heating machines should be later. But in any case, the popularity of heating systems in Europe is definitely higher than that in countries that use electric blankets and (cold) warm air conditioners at the same time.

Inner south.

At present, the perfection of heating system in Europe can't be said to be better than that in China, but at least it is definitely better than that in Europe some time ago.

himself

As for the central heating system in northern China and the heating system in Europe, because there is no information, it is not easy to compare, so we can only learn about it.

Give a perceptual understanding: with the strengthening of national strength, it should be able to reach the current level in Europe.