What battles have been fought in history to win more with less?

In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Guangwu rose up in osawa Township, rebelling against the rule of the Qin Dynasty, and lit the fire of the first peasant uprising in China. For a time, "the followers of the world are like running water." Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu rose up in Jiangdong and made Chu Huaiwang's grandson emperor, also known as Chu Huaiwang, with its capital in Xuyi. Zhang Er and Chen Yu took part in the uprising, made Zhao Xie king, made their capital in Xindu (near Xingtai), and established Zhao. The rulers of the Qin Dynasty cruelly suppressed the peasant uprising. In 208 BC, Zhang Han, a general of the State of Qin, led an army north to attack Zhao, and the army was in Handan. Zhao Jun was exhausted, surrendered to the stag and was besieged by the departure of the King of Qin. At that time, more than 300,000 people attacked Zhao in Hebei. At this time, there are not many troops in the giant Lucheng, and the food and grass will be exhausted. Although Zhao Jiang Chen Yu led tens of thousands of troops to the north of Julu, he dared not send troops and built a camp wall to protect himself. Qi and Yan's aid to Zhao's other troops was also shocked by Chi's imposing manner. They all set up a base and persisted, not daring to go to war.

When Julu was besieged, Zhao turned to Chu for help. Chu Huaiwang thought that the general, Xiang Yu as lieutenant, led the army north to save Zhao. However, Yi Song was frightened by Qin Jun's arrogance and stayed in Xiangyang (now Cao Xian County, Shandong Province) for 46 days, afraid to move forward. Xiang Yu killed Yi Song in a rage, and Chu Huaiwang made Xiang Yu a general.

Xiang Yu advanced Ying Bu and General Pu, and led twenty thousand troops to attack the State of Qin. Then lead the main force to cross the river. In order to show his determination to fight to the death with Qin, he ordered the soldiers to sink the boat, smash the rice cooker and burn the camp, with only three days' dry food. Xiang Yu first surrounded Wang Li with thunder and went back and forth nine times, cutting off the Qin Jun passage, with remarkable results. Qin general Su Jiao was killed, and Wang Li was captured and burned himself to death. In the battle, the Chu army "took one as ten" and "shouted". All the troops who saved Zhao were watching in the village, afraid to go to war. After that, Xiang Yu defeated Qin Jun again and again, and Zhang Han had to raise the flag, so Xiang Yu gained great prestige.

The Battle of Julu wiped out 300,000 main troops in Qin Jun, which played a decisive role in overthrowing the rule of Qin Dynasty. Sima Qian, a great writer, described and edited this great war in detail in Historical Records of Xiang Yu, which became an immortal pen with a long history. "Cross the rubicon" and "Stand by" have gradually become two widely circulated idioms.

Battle of Kunyang

The battle of Kunyang, which took place in the first year of the resumption (23 years), was a strategic decisive battle for the Greenwood Rebels to overthrow Wang Mang's regime, and it was also a typical war example in Chinese history. In this decisive battle, the peasant uprising army led by Liu Xiu and others wiped out the main force of Wang Mang's army with fearless courage and flexible tactics, and sounded the death knell of the complete collapse of Xin Mang Dynasty. It has certain progressive significance in history.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, politics was corrupt, the economy was depressed, and the people were in dire straits. Wang Mang, a consort, took advantage of this situation, played politics, seized power and established a new dynasty. However, after Wang Mang came to power, the practice of "relying on the ancients to change the system" not only failed to improve the situation, but led to more intensified class contradictions. Fed up, the broad masses of the people rose up in succession to resist the new stubborn rule by force. At that time, the fire of the uprising spread all over the north and south of the Yellow River and Jianghan area, and the Xin Mang Dynasty was completely in a state of betrayal and turmoil.

Among the many peasant uprising troops at that time, the green forest and the red eyebrow were the most powerful. Militarily, we constantly attacked the forces of the new Mang and gradually advanced to the central area ruled by Wang Mang. The Xin Mang Dynasty was unwilling to quit the historical stage, rallied its forces for dying, and the peasant uprising entered the final offensive stage. The battle of Kunyang is the product of this historical background.

At the beginning of the fourth year of Emperor Xin Mang (twenty-three years), the outlaw heroes led Wang Mang's main force to crusade for the red eyebrow, took advantage of the emptiness of the Central Plains, sent troops to the north, and wiped out Wang Mang's Jingzhou soldiers Zhen Fu and Liang Qiu's army in Shui Pi (now Biyang, Henan). Then he defeated Yan You and Chen Mao in Ganyang (now northeast of Xinye, Henan Province), and his power quickly developed to hundreds of thousands. Under the situation of victory in March, the peasant army began to sprout the requirement of establishing political power, so in February, Liu Xuan, a descendant of the Han family, was elected as emperor, and the Han system was restored, with the title of "starting over". The establishment of the regime of starting a new stove marked a new stage of peasant uprising, and Wang Mang became increasingly passive in politics and military affairs.

After the establishment of the regime of starting a new stove, the main force went north to besiege Wancheng (now Nanyang, Henan), a strategic place, and moved to Meng Chuan. In order to prevent Wang Mang's army from going south and ensure the main force to take action, the new regime sent Wang Feng, Wang Chang and Liu Xiu to command some troops. When Yan You and Chen Maojun were stranded in Yingchuan County, they quickly captured Kunyang (now Ye County, Henan Province), Dingling (now Wuyang North, Henan Province) and Yanxian (now Yancheng South, Henan Province) and besieged Wancheng. This created favorable conditions for the next attack on Luoyang, joining forces with the Red Eyebrow Army, and entering Chang 'an via Wu Guanxi, thus eliminating the follwed regime.

Wang Mang's regime was very uneasy about the strategic direction of the peasant uprising army in the restart, and hastily changed its military deployment and shifted its main force from dealing with the red eyebrow to dealing with the restart army. In March, Wang Mang sent generals Wang Yi and King Situ to Luoyang, and recruited 420,000 elite soldiers from various counties, claiming that millions of troops were going south to attack the new army, in an attempt to fight the peasant army with superior forces and win it in one fell swoop to protect Wancheng, Jingzhou and Chang 'an and Luoyang.

In May, Wang Yi and Wang Xun led their troops out of Luoyang in the west and Yingchuan in the south to meet Yanyou and Chen Mao, forcing Liu Xiu, a rebel who had arrived in Yangguan (now northwest of Yuxian County, Henan Province) to withdraw from Kunyang. Then, continue to push forward and force it to the vicinity of Kunyang.

When 420,000 Wang Mang's troops approached Kunyang, Kunyang had only 89,000 troops to start again. At first, the opinions of the new army were not unified on how to deal with the strong enemy. Some generals think that the enemy and I are outnumbered and it is difficult to win, so they advocate avoiding a decisive battle and breaking it into parts, first returning to the base area and then making plans. However, Liu Xiuze opposed this negative approach, and advocated concentrating forces, sticking to Kunyang, delaying and consuming Wang Yi's military strength, covering the main force to capture Wancheng, and then waiting for an opportunity to break the enemy. At this point, the vanguard of Wang Yi has approached the north of Kunyang. At this critical moment, the generals agreed to Liu Xiu's suggestion. Decided by Wang Feng, Wang Chang led the troops to defend the city, sent Liu Xiu, Yi Li rate 13 night ride out of the city, rushed to Mianxian, Dingling to mobilize reinforcements.

Wang Yi, Wang Xun and others led the Xin Mang army to Kunyang at the gates and surrounded Kunyang. At this time, Yan You, who had fought with outlaws, suggested to Wang Yi that Kunyang City was easy to defend but difficult to attack, and the main force of the peasant army that started a new stove was in Wancheng area. Our army should bypass Kunyang and rush to Wancheng quickly, first defeating the main force of regrouping there, and then Kunyang City can be defeated without a fight. And Wang Yi and others, relying on their great strength, didn't listen to this appropriate opinion at all, and insisted on capturing Kunyang first, and then attacking the main force of the peasant army. So he used all his troops to camp 100 and stormed Kunyang. And arrogantly threatened: "Millions of teachers are too much and should be eliminated. Today they are in the massacre, marching in a pool of blood, dancing in front of the song, but not fast! "

Wang Yijun, with more than 400,000 troops, took turns attacking Kunyang City, digging tunnels and building cloud cars in an attempt to storm and win. The defenders in Kunyang had no choice but to rely on the support of the people in the city, resist together, stick to Chengwei and repel Wang Yijun's attacks many times, which caused great consumption and frustration to the enemy.

Seeing that Kunyang City could not be attacked repeatedly, Yan You once again suggested to Wang Yi: "The besieged city must be lenient, so that some defenders in the city can flee to the gate of Wanyang City to spread terror, so as to shake the morale of the enemy and disintegrate the morale of the enemy." However, the headstrong Wang Yi still failed to adopt it.

After Liu Xiu and others arrived in Dingling and Yan counties, they persuaded the garrison generals who were unwilling to send troops to Kunyang on June 1. At this time, Wang Yi's army was exhausted from the long war and lost its spirit, which provided an opportunity for the army to start again. Liu Xiu personally led more than 1,000 reinforcements to ride as a striker and lined up at a distance of two or three kilometers from Wang Yijun to prepare for the battle. Wang Yi, Wang Xun and others, relying on their own powerful forces, were arrogant and only sent thousands of people to fight. Liu Xiuling led the troops to attack bravely, and suffered repeated defeats. He killed dozens of people in Wang Yijun on the spot and won the first battle, which greatly boosted morale.

At that time, the main force of the resurgent rebel army had captured Wancheng for three days, and the good news had not yet reached Kunyang. In order to boost the morale of the whole army and shake the morale of the enemy, Liu Xiu made a battle report to conquer Wancheng and shot an arrow into Kunyang City. He deliberately lost the battle report and asked Wang Yijun to pick it up and spread it. Once the news spread, the morale of the defenders in Kunyang City was even higher and the defenders were more determined. And Wang Yijun because long entrenched Kunyang, and heard that the fall of Wancheng, morale is even lower. The balance of victory began to tilt to the rebel side.

After winning the first battle, Liu Xiu was good at catching fighters. Taking advantage of the enemy's low morale and the weakness of the commander's arrogance and underestimation, he selected 3,000 warriors, made a surprise detour to the enemy's rear, secretly waded through the Kunshui River (now the Hui River in Yexian County, Henan Province), and launched an extremely fierce attack on Wang Yi's stronghold. At this time, Wang Yi and others still despised the Han army and ignored Liu Xiu. At the same time, worried that the state and county soldiers were out of control, they ordered each battalion to manage their own soldiers and not to send troops without authorization. On the contrary, they and Wang Xun led 10 thousand people to fight Liu Xiu's attack. However, this practice of Wang Yi caused serious consequences: under the fierce attack of Liu Xiu's elite soldiers, more than 10,000 people under Wang Yi quickly fell into the predicament of passive beating, and the battle was in chaos. However, due to Wang Yi's prior orders, no one dared to go to the rescue, which led to the crushing defeat of Wang Yi's army, and Wang Xun became a ghost under the sword. The defenders in Kunyang saw that the enemy commander had left the army, and the enemy positions were in chaos. They also took advantage of the opportunity to attack in time, attacking from inside and outside, killing the sky, and Wang Yi was completely annihilated. Seeing that the tide was gone, Wang Yibing fled for his life and trampled on each other, leaving corpses everywhere. At this time, it happened that the wind was flying, the rainstorm was like a note, and the water fell sharply. Countless Wang Yijun waded to escape and drowned, so that the drowning water did not flow. Only a few people, such as Wang Yi and Yan You, fled into Luoyang. In the north, the battle of Kunyang ended with a brilliant victory of annihilating the main force of Wang Mang's army, seizing all its equipment and trench, and turning over a new leaf as a rebel.

The Battle of Kunyang was a decisive battle in the Greenwood Uprising and Chi Mei Uprising. Gathered the main force of the army that Wang Mang relied on to maintain his rule, which created favorable conditions for the insurgents to March smoothly into Luoyang and Chang 'an and finally overthrow Xin Mang's rule.

In the battle of Kunyang, Wang Mang's army had 420,000 people, while the total strength of the rebels guarding the city and foreign aid who started a new stove added up to only 20,000 people. However, with such a disparity in strength, it is no accident that the insurgents can achieve brilliant victory in destroying the enemy. To sum up, there are several points: politically resisting Wang Mang's tyranny conforms to the wishes and demands of the broad masses of the people, so it has won the support and support of the people, which is the profound political root of the rebels' victory in the Kunyang War. Militarily, the insurgents carried out the correct measures of sticking to Kunyang, containing the enemy, mobilizing troops and actively counterattacking, which seriously delayed the action of Wang Yi's army, consumed its troops and firmly grasped the initiative of offensive and defensive on the battlefield. In the specific application of operational guidance, the insurgents dare to fight, have high morale, are good at taking advantage of the enemy's weaknesses, attack the army, destroy the enemy's fighting will, and accumulate small victories into great victories; And can grasp the fighter plane, choose the enemy headquarters as the primary attack target, smash it in one fell swoop, and make the enemy in a leaderless situation, and finally can not escape the fate of failure.

Three Guandu wars

In 200 AD, Yuan Shao selected 654.38+ 10,000 elite infantry and 654.38+ 10,000 cavalry, with Liyang as the base camp; Yan Liang was ordered to be the pioneer and cross the river to attack the white horse. Cao Cao used Xun You's plan and threatened to copy Yuan Shao's back road when crossing the river. Lombardi ordered Yan Liang to divide his troops into half and go to Yanjin to stop Cao Cao from crossing the river. Cao Cao was ordered to stick to Yanjin, with Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as pioneers, and personally led the main force to pounce on Baima, and attacked Yan Liang with Ada, the prefect of Dongjun County, and Yan Liang was killed.

Yuan Shao was furious and ordered the whole army to cross the river; And life another confidant generals Wen Chou, liu bei as pioneers, pouncing on the white horse. Cao Cao abandoned the white horse and retreated to Yanjin, leading the elite behind the house and deliberately putting the trench; Wen Chou, Liu Bei with more than six thousand cavalry pursuit, scattered to rob the trench; Cao Cao took the opportunity to order an attack, Yuan Jun was in chaos and Wen Chou himself was killed; Cao Cao returned to Guandu and lured the enemy deeper. Yuan Shao didn't listen to Tian Feng's advice and escorted him to Yecheng. Yuan Shao spread out his joint venture and pushed it forward step by step; Cao Cao ordered the ban and Yue Jin to attack each other and won a great victory. In order to win, Yuan Shao turned against thomas lee and Liu Pi in the south. Li Tong did not betray, but led the troops to destroy the local strongmen who secretly passed Yuan Shao; Cao Cao also ordered Coss and Huang Xu to lead cavalry to suppress Liu Pi and Liu Bei in the starry night.

Yuan Shao failed in one plan and gave birth to another. He wrote to let Jiangdong Sun Ce attack Xuchang in the north; Guo Jia, Cao Cao's counselor, thought that Sun Ce was too frivolous and would die at the hands of an assassin. Sure enough, Sun Ce was stopped by the enemy and died of serious injuries (it is said that Guo Jia secretly sent Cao Cao's brave men to kill Sun Ce). Cao Cao and Yuan Shao have long been at odds, and there is a shortage of rations. They want to go back to Xuchang. Xun Wenruo urged Cao Cao to stick to it and give maximum support to the front. In 200 AD 65438+ 10, Cao Cao ordered Coss, Huang Xu and others to sneak up on Han Meng, the general of Yuan Shao, and burned thousands of wagons and grain escorted by Han Meng. Xu You, Yuan Shao's counselor, suggested that Yuan Shao send a division to attack Xuchang and steal the Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. After being rejected, because his family was imprisoned by Shen Pei, Xu You had no choice but to take refuge in Cao Cao, and suggested that Cao Cao attack Wu Chao, whose grain and grass were piled up in Yuan Jun. Cao Cao left Cao Hong and others to guard the camp, and led Xia, Zhang Liao, Coss and others to the lair, and ordered them to attack another grain and grass storage yard. Cao Jun pretended to be Yuan Jun, cheated Yuan Jun's interrogation and attacked Wu Chao.

When the news reached Yuan, Yuan did not follow the advice of General Zhang to save the Wu Dynasty. Guo Tu, the counselor, ordered Zhang He and Gao Lan to storm the Cao camp with heavy troops, and only sent a few cavalry to save Wu's lair. When reinforcements arrived, Cao concentrated on capturing Yuan Barracks, captured the commander Chunyu Qiong alive and burned all the materials. Then turn around and defeat the Yuan Jun cavalry who came to save; At the same time, Huang Xu also captured the old city and burned all the materials. News spread to Yuan Jun camp, Guo Tu rumoured that Zhang He gloated over the defeat of Wu Chao, and sent someone to inform Zhang He that Yuan Shao wanted to kill Zhang He, but Zhang He had no choice but to surrender to Jun, and Cao Caosui launched a massive counterattack. Yuan Jun had no fighting spirit and most of them surrendered to Cao Jun. Yuan Shao and others only fled with 800 Qin Bing; After that, more than 70,000 surrendered soldiers were ordered to be buried alive by Cao Cao, and the genius counselor behemoth surrendered because of Cao Cao's sincerity. Later, I learned that my family was safe in Hebei and wanted to escape to the north and be killed. Tian Feng, another important adviser of Yuan Shao, was killed by Yuan Shao who listened to slanders.

The battle of Guandu can be said to be the most wonderful battle in the Three Kingdoms period and a famous example in the history of war. It marks that Cao Cao officially dominated the north and laid the foundation for the reunification of the north.

Chibi four wars

After basically unifying the north, Cao Cao sent troops south in July of Jian 'an 13th year, in an attempt to wipe out Jingzhou Liu Biao and Jiangdong Sun Quan in one fell swoop and unify the whole country. In August, Liu Biao died of illness, his second son Liu Cong was in Xiangyang, and Liu Bei was in Fancheng. In September, Cao Cao arrived in Xinye, and Liu Cong surrendered without fighting. Liu Bei retreated from Fancheng to Jiangling because Jiangling stored a large number of grain and grass weapons and ordered Guan Yu to lead the water army to meet at Jiangling through the Hanshui River. Cao Cao personally led the Qingqi 5,000, chasing day and night. Defeated Liu Bei in Changban, Dangyang (now northeast of Dangyang, Hubei) and occupied Jiangling. Liu Bei gave up his plan to retreat to Jiangling, turned to the southeast Hanshui River, joined Guan Yu's water army from the east of Hanshui River, and retreated to Xiakou (now Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei Province) with more than 10,000 troops of Liu Biao's eldest son Jiangxia, in an attempt to unite Sun Quan against Cao Cao.

When Cao Cao went south, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to Jingzhou to pay tribute to Liu Biao, saying that Liu Bei had joined forces with Cao Cao. Lu Su and Liu Bei joined forces in Dangyang, and Liu Bei retired to Fankou, Hubei County (now northwest of Ezhou, Hubei Province). When Cao Cao was in Jiangling, he would go downstream and eastward, and the situation was urgent. Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang and Sue to Dongwu. By the time Zhuge Liang arrived in Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi), Sun Quan had received a threatening letter from Cao Cao, saying that he would train 800,000 sailors to fight against Sun Quan in Liang Wudi. Sun Quan didn't want to be controlled by Cao Cao in the land of Wu and hundreds of thousands of people, and he was worried that Sun Liu's joint forces could not compete with Cao Cao and hesitated. Zhuge Liang analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of both sides and pointed out that Cao Cao's expedition was exhausting. Northerners don't learn water warfare. Sun and Liu will win together. Sun Quan's leadership represented by Lu Su and Zhang Zhao's leadership also had a heated debate. Zhuge Liang pointed out the wrong opinions of the pacifists and further eliminated Sun Quan's worries. Sun Quan decided to unite with Cao to recall Zhou Yu from Poyang (now northeast of Poyang, Jiangxi). Zhou Yu supported Zhuge Liang and Lu Su, pointing out that actually there were only156,000 people in Cao Jun from the Central Plains, and he was exhausted. 70,000 or 80,000 people who accept Liu Biao's new drop are not interested in Cao. In addition, Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Kansai, which is Cao Cao's future trouble. These are all unfavorable factors for Cao Cao. Sun Quan strengthened the confidence of uniting Cao to win, and appointed Zhou Yu and Lu Su as the left and right commanders and Zanjun as a captain. Zhou Yu led 30,000 elite troops down the river and joined Liu Bei's army of more than 20,000 people to fight against Cao.

Sun and Liu joined forces to return to Jiangxi, and Cao Jun went down the river at Chibi. It is generally believed that Cao Jun was stationed in the northwest of Puyin, Hubei Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River (see the battle of colorful maps at the battlefield site of Hongya, Puyin, Hubei Province), and retreated to Wulin on the north bank of the Yangtze River (now northeast of Honghu Lake, Hubei Province), and the two sides confronted each other across the river. Northern soldiers were not used to life on the ship, so Cao Cao ordered the warships to be tied together with chains to reduce bumps. Zhou Yu suggested that Huang Gai take fire attack tactics to defeat Cao Jun, and Cao Cao was proud of underestimating his enemy. He believed Huang Gai's fake surrender. Huang Gai took ten Meng Chong warships, filled them with firewood and oil, and covered them with curtains. He sailed with the wind to Cao's boat, where the wind lit the boat and the fire spread to the camp on the shore. Cao Jun's army was drowned with heavy casualties. Zhou Yu and Liu Bei's army went hand in hand, and Cao Cao hastily retreated to Jiangling along Huarong Road (now Jianli North, Hubei Province), causing plague and famine, and Cao Jun lost more than half.

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao retreated to the north, unable to go south again. Liu Bei also took the opportunity to occupy most of Jingzhou through this war. Later, he won Yizhou in Liu Zhang. Sun Quan occupied Jiangdong, forming a separatist situation of Wei, Shu and Wu.

Battle of five feishui

In 3 16, the western Jin dynasty was destroyed. In the second year, Si Marui, the royal family of the Western Jin Dynasty, re-established the political power of the Han landlord class in Jiangnan, and Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) was the capital, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. At that time, political power established by more than a dozen ethnic minorities appeared in the north, which was called the "Sixteen Countries" period in history. In the 1970s, the former head of state of Qin, Pu Pujian, established by clan members, unified the Yellow River basin, and confronted the north and south of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

One morning in October, at dawn, officials from the former military and civilian departments of the Taiwan military in Chang 'an gathered in front of the Taiji Hall of the Palace, waiting for Fu Jian to face the DPRK and hold a command meeting to discuss the plan to eliminate the popularity. Except for a minister named Zhu Yao (r6ng Rong) who obsequiously echoed Fu Jian's ideas, most people thought that the Eastern Jin Dynasty was a unity of internal and external, and the monarch and the minister were in harmony. At present, the time to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty is not mature, and there is no certainty of victory. The minister said: "Jin is not only harmonious, but also has the Yangtze River as a natural barrier and the support of the people. It seems that you can't be underestimated! " Fu Jian was very unhappy. He proudly said, "I have so many people. As long as you give the order, everyone will throw the whip into the Yangtze River, and the Yangtze River will be cut off. What else can be used as a barrier in the Eastern Jin Dynasty? " He insisted on sending troops south.

In August 383 (the eighth year of Liang Wudi's filial piety in the Eastern Jin Dynasty), Fu Jian assembled more than 600,000 infantry, 270,000 cavalry and 30,000 feather guards, claiming to be millions, and marched to the southeast. Fu Jian appointed Fu Rong as the general of conquering the south, and led 250,000 cavalry as a pioneer with Mu Rongchui, a noble of Xianbei. Yao Chang (Chang Chang) and A Qiang were appointed as generals, and Long Xiang was appointed as general, leading the troops down the river into Sichuan. Order Ruzhou, Hebei and other States to go south from Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Fu Jian is advancing the main army from Chang 'an, and along the way, the people clamored for Ma Si and covered the sky with flags; The road was crowded with Qian Tai's troops, vehicles, horses, food and supplies, and the trenches were hundreds of miles long.

In September, the main force led by Fu Jian captured Xiangcheng (now Xiangcheng, Henan Province) and settled here. After more than a month of marching day and night, Rong's vanguard troops have arrived in Yingkou (now Zhengyang Town, Yingshang County, Anhui Province) on the north bank of Huaihe River, and launched an attack on Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), an important town on the west bank of the Huaihe River tributary.

The former Qin Jun was besieged on all sides, but the Eastern Jin Prime Minister Xie An and General Huan Chong persisted in resisting. Emperor Xiao of Jin appointed Xie An as the supreme commander in wartime-conquering the viceroy. Xie An had a well-thought-out plan and took no time to deploy the war of resistance. He pushed Xie Shi to act as an agent to conquer the position of viceroy and command the whole army; Xie Xuan served as the forward commander-in-chief, and together with young generals (Yan) and Huan Yi, he led 80,000 "Beifu soldiers" (Beifu soldiers, the military mansion of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was located in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), north of Kyoto Jiankang, so it was called Beifu soldiers; Beifu soldiers are mainly composed of northern farmers living in the south of the Yangtze River. ) along the west of Huaihe River; Another general, Hu Bin, led 5,000 water troops to reinforce Shouyang, a strategic place.

Fu Jian relies on a large number of its own soldiers. Before all the troops arrived, he ordered Fu Rong to launch a fierce attack on Pu Jun. In October, before the Hu Bin water army arrived in Shouyang, Fu Rong breached Shouyang. On the way, Hu Bin heard the news of Shouyang's fall and was forced to retreat his troops to one side of the river and the other side of Shi Xia (now southwest of Fengtai, Anhui), and set up camp in this dangerous place. Waiting for the arrival of Xie Shi's army. After Fu Rong occupied Shouyang, he sent troops to besiege Shi Xia. At the same time, he sent Liang Cheng to lead 50,000 troops to control Luo Jian (that is, the place where Luoshui was injected into Huaishui, east of Huainan, Anhui). Liang Cheng blocked the Huaihe River and prevented the troops of Xie Shi and Xie Xuan from coming from the east. Xie Shi ordered the Jin army to be stationed 25 miles away from Luo Jian.

Xie Shi's army can't move forward, Hu Bin's army is trapped in Shi Xia, helpless, and the situation is very critical. In order to confuse the enemy, Hu Bin ordered the soldiers to raise sand on the riverbank with dustpans every day, so that Qin Jun in the distance looked like he was raising rice, indicating that his rations were enough; At the same time, he wrote an urgent letter to Xie Shi, which said: "Now the enemy is very powerful, and the rations here have been eaten up. The situation is very urgent. I'm afraid I can't meet the army again. " He gave this secret letter to a man named Qin Bing, told him to escape from prison at night and gave it to Xie Shi. Unfortunately, this Qin Bing was caught by Qin Jun on the road, and the urgent secret letter was also searched out. Fu Rong got the information that Hu Bin was short of food, and immediately sent someone to Xiangcheng to report to Fu Jian, saying, "Now the Jin army is short of food, which is a good opportunity to defeat them. We should launch an attack immediately and not let them run away. "

Arrogant Fu Jian was smug about capturing Xiangcheng, and he was even more elated when he heard Fu Rong's tip-off. That evening, Fu Jian left Xiangcheng's army and quietly led eight thousand hussars to Shouyang day and night. When he arrived, he discussed with Fu Rong and decided to send Zhu Xu to the Jin army to surrender. Zhu Xu was a general guarding Xiangyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was captured when Xiangyang fell. After Zhu Xu arrived in Jinying, instead of surrendering, he revealed the real situation of Qin Jun to Xie Shi, and suggested that Xie Shi immediately launch a counterattack while the former Qin military forces were not concentrated. As long as he defeats its striker and dampens its spirit, Qin Jun is not difficult to be defeated. Xie Shi and Xie Xuan carefully studied Zhu Xu's tip-off, and decided to send Liu Laozhi to lead five thousand northern government soldiers to attack Luo Jian at night. Liu Laozhi is a famous brave general among the northern government soldiers. He killed Liang Cheng in the battle. Qin Jun lost his commander, and he was not in the mood to fight any more. The Jin army pursued them. Xie Shi led the main force of 8 Jin Army to cross Luo Jian, and camped at the foot of Bagong Mountain east of Feishui (now northeast of Shouxian County, Anhui Province).

The news of Luo Jian's defeat spread to Shouyang one after another, and Fu Jian felt uneasy. He and Fu Rong climbed the Shouyang Tower together to observe the movement of 8 Jin Army. Looking east, he could not help secretly marveling at the neat lineup and clear-cut banner of 8 Jin Army. He looked north in the wind, as if Jin troops were everywhere on Bagong Mountain in a trance. He turned to Fu Rong in surprise and said, "You see, the Jin army has so many people and horses that it is obviously a strong enemy. How can you say that they are weak! " He hastily ordered that all troops should strictly abide by the line of defense under the water. Without his orders, no one can cross the sea to attack. In fact, there is no 8 Jin Army on Bagong Mountain. It is the north wind that blows the vegetation on the mountain from side to side. Fu Jian, because of his inner panic, had the illusion that the Jin army was training and practicing martial arts there! This historical fact is the origin of the idiom "all plants are soldiers" later.

Although Qin Jun was defeated in Luo Jian and suffered some setbacks, his number was still several times more than that of 8 Jin Army. Jin Jun can only win if it is done quickly. General Xie Xuan sent someone to tell Fu Rong by goading him: "The general led his troops into our territory, but they were deployed at the water's edge. This is a lasting plan. Where is the decisive battle? " Wouldn't it be great if we moved back a little to make room for the Jin army to cross the backwater and the two armies fought it out? "Fu Rong report the request of the Kim to Fu Jian, Fu Jian regardless of people's opposition, agreed to retreat to the ground, so that when 8 jin j crossed the river by surprise, defeated 8 jin j..

On the appointed day, Fu Jian ordered Qin Jun to retreat. Qin Jun was originally unstable internally, and its appearance was chaotic, but this withdrawal caused even more confusion. Xie Xuan and others led eight thousand cavalry to seize the water and launch a fierce attack. Zhu Xu shouted after the war: "Qin Jun lost, Qin Jun lost!" After listening to this, the troops behind Qin Jun didn't know whether it was true or not, and they rushed for their lives. Fu Rong ran to the back of the array to stop the team from retreating, was washed down by the disorderly army and died by the sword of 8 Jin J. Fu Jian was terrified out of her wits at the sight of such a crushing defeat in front, and hurriedly jumped on his horse and fled in a mess. The Jin army chased after each other, and the Qin army trampled on each other, causing heavy casualties. The surviving officers and men of Qin Jun ran around the clock, even afraid to look back. Even when they heard the crane barking in the wind, they thought it was the pursuer of 8 Jin Army. This is the origin of the later "trembling idiom". At that time; It was 1 1 month, and it was very cold. These escaped Chiyou soldiers panicked, accompanied by hunger and cold, and many people died. Fu Jian himself was wounded by an arrow. When he fled back to Luoyang, there were only a few hundred thousand beaten soldiers left in the original army of several hundred thousand.

The Battle of Feishui was the biggest war in the Sixteen Countries Period of Eastern Jin Dynasty. It took only four months from the massive attack to the decisive battle at the water's edge, and the whole line collapsed. After this war, the relatively stable situation in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was consolidated, and the economy and culture in the south of the Yangtze River were further developed. On the contrary, due to the failure of Fu Jian, the former Qin regime collapsed, and the north once again fell into a state of separatist chaos.