How does the smog control technology work?

Since last winter, many cities in China have experienced frequent smog weather. Especially in Beijing, as the capital, the severe smog weather has attracted people's attention. Hazy weather has also appeared in Guanzhong areas such as Xi and Xianyang in Shaanxi Province. Smog weather has seriously affected people's travel and health. How to control smog weather has also become a hot topic for some time. Smog is not a beautiful Shaanxi. Building a beautiful Shaanxi should start with letting people breathe fresh and clean air. According to a data from the Provincial Meteorological Bureau, the frequent smog weather in Xi in recent years is caused by multiple factors such as climate characteristics, terrain structure, social development and human factors. The smog phenomenon in Guanzhong area is serious, which has a very important relationship with its special geographical characteristics. There are Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau in northern Guanzhong area, which are relatively closed in geographical location. The airflow blockage is less affected by the external climate, and it is prone to static wind and frequent inversion, which leads to higher temperature in the upper air than in the lower air, which is very unfavorable for smog dissipation. If we can fully consider the geographical and climatic characteristics of Xi 'an at the beginning of urban development and make reasonable planning in layout, it will effectively prevent the occurrence of haze weather. Doing a good job in urban layout planning is the key first step to prevent haze weather. The urban planning is unreasonable, the scale of the city is too large, the atmospheric diffusion is not good, the industrial area and the production area are mixed, and the pollution is highly concentrated. Zhang, president of Shaanxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, summarized the causes of smog weather in Guanzhong area. The urgent task is to find out the characteristics of air pollution in Guanzhong area, provide scientific basis for urban construction and rationally plan urban layout. For example, how big the urban core area should be, how the layout is conducive to the spread of pollutants, and where large industrial and mining enterprises should be built. "Natural conditions and climatic conditions are difficult to change, but unfavorable factors should be avoided reasonably in urban planning. We should make a good plan in the process of building an international metropolis according to Xi's geographical and climatic conditions and put forward scientific opinions for urban development. " Zhang said to him. In view of the air pollution control in the whole Guanzhong area, Professor Zhang Chengzhong, majoring in air pollution control engineering at xi University of Architecture and Technology, believes that at present, the research on pollution control in Shaanxi Province is mainly concentrated in Xi 'an area, while other areas are relatively weak. As one of the three foggy areas in China, Guanzhong area should be studied as a whole. It is necessary to study Xianyang, Weinan, Tongchuan and other places in depth to find out the spectral relationship of pollution sources and the influence of surrounding areas on Guanzhong area. So as to construct the division of ecological zones in Guanzhong area, and put forward constructive suggestions on planning, layout and even industrial scale. Scientific and technological innovation promotes energy conservation and emission reduction and reduces pollution sources. The main sources of air pollutants are industrial pollution, automobile exhaust, coal burning, dust and so on. Shaanxi province is in the middle and late stage of industrialization, and its development mode is relatively extensive. Its industrial structure is dominated by energy, chemical industry and equipment manufacturing, and there are many enterprises with high energy consumption and high emissions. There is a huge space for technological innovation to promote energy conservation and emission reduction. There are many universities and research institutes in Shaanxi province, which have strong scientific research strength in the fields of coal, chemical industry, petroleum, new materials and new technology development. If it can fully play its role, it will be very beneficial to control atmospheric smog. For example, the cement production scale in Shaanxi Province is 60 million tons, of which two thirds are concentrated in Guanzhong area. According to statistics, the particulate emissions from the cement industry in Guanzhong area account for 4 1% of the total industrial emissions, second only to coal-fired boilers. The high solid ratio cement produced by Xu Delong, an academician of Xi University of Architecture and Technology, has changed the way of fuel ventilation, so that the concentration of nitrogen oxides in tail gas can be reduced by 60% to 70% compared with the traditional production process. "If tail gas treatment is carried out on this basis, its pollution concentration can be controlled at 20%, leading the international level. If similar technologies can be effectively promoted and applied, air pollution control in Shaanxi Province will reach a new level. " Zhang said to him. Scientific and technological innovation is an important breakthrough to control smog. According to statistics, motor vehicle exhaust emissions account for 20% to 25% of PM2.5, which is an important source of air pollutants. Among them, poor oil quality is the culprit. At present, the sulfur content of gasoline in most parts of China is 15 times higher than that in developed countries such as the European Union. There are more than 0.5 million motor vehicles/kloc-0 in Xi' an, which is expected to double in 20 15, and the exhaust emissions will increase greatly. To control tail gas pollution, the first thing is to upgrade oil products. Compared with foreign countries, China's petroleum smelting technology still has a lot of room for improvement, which requires continuous technical research. In addition, from the monitoring of extremely fine pollutants in the exhaust gas to the exhaust emission of alternative fuel vehicles, in-use diesel vehicles, underground parking lots and automobile exhaust purification components, it is necessary to continuously carry out technical research and determine technical guidelines and industry standards for Guanzhong area. Fine particles emitted by coal combustion are important contributors to air pollution in northern China, accounting for 20% to 25% of fine particles in winter. According to Jie Chen, director of the Planning Institute of Shaanxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, although thermal power enterprises have taken corresponding control measures for particulate matter emission, the removal rate is low and the fine particulate matter emission is still large. At the same time, the dust removal and desulfurization of coal-fired boilers in China are treated separately, and there is no effective technical means to comprehensively monitor the final sewage outlet. "We are working hard to solve key problems and hope to develop an effective integrated management technology." Scientific overall planning measures to stay away from smog weather In recent years, Shaanxi Province has achieved remarkable results in controlling air pollution and developing and promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction products. However, in the face of urgent reality, compared with developed countries and regions, there is still a gap in the promotion of new technologies and new products and the transformation of achievements. Especially in the comprehensive use of scientific and technological means, tax and financial means, legal means and so on, there are still many places worth learning. Take Tianhou Filter Technology Co., Ltd. as an example. This is a scientific and technological enterprise that produces diesel purification series products in Shaanxi Province. Its environmental protection products have obtained 99 national patents and 33 registered trademarks, which are widely used in the production systems of PetroChina and Sinopec. Zhejiang, Fujian and other coastal provinces have issued policies to encourage fishermen to use diesel purification products by means of 70% government investment and 30% fishermen investment, which has achieved obvious social and economic benefits. However, the popularity of its technology in Shaanxi Province is far less than that in other provinces. "The application and promotion of new technologies need a lot of money and urgently need government support. Market expansion needs the government's vigorous promotion. At the same time, the government should increase its support for scientific and technological innovation, provide financial subsidies for scientific research demonstration projects, and encourage scientific research units and enterprises to reduce costs and develop economical and practical technologies. " Zhang Xiang suggested. 1952 the London smog incident gave birth to the world's first air pollution prevention and control act-the clean air act. After 1968, a series of air pollution prevention and control bills were issued in Britain, which strictly restricted various kinds of exhaust emissions and formulated clear punishment measures, effectively reducing smoke and particulate matter. At present, China has promulgated a series of laws and regulations on environmental protection, but there is still a big gap between China and western developed countries in details, standards and system completeness. Zhang appealed that "science and technology should be invested, and management policies should also keep up. Take comprehensive measures and take a multi-pronged approach to control smog weather and let people breathe fresh and clean air! "