Comprehensive data of Mediterranean climate

Mediterranean climate, also known as subtropical summer arid climate, is a subtropical and temperate climate type, which is formed by alternating control of westerly belt and subtropical high belt. It is distributed on the west coast of the mainland at 30-40 north latitude, including the Mediterranean coast, the Black Sea coast, California, Perth in southwestern Australia and Adelaide in the south, southwestern South Africa and central Chile. It is named after the most typical Mediterranean coast. In the Mediterranean region, summer is controlled by the subtropical high, and the water temperature in the Mediterranean is lower than that on land, resulting in high pressure, which increases the influence of the subtropical high. In winter, the water temperature in the Mediterranean Sea is high, forming a low pressure, attracting the west wind, which greatly strengthens the influence of the west wind.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Mediterranean climate mbth: Mediterranean climate vegetation type: subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest agricultural products: grapes, olives, oranges and so on. Global distribution: latitude 30 to 40, the temperature zone on the west coast of the mainland: subtropical and temperate climate characteristics: causes of rain and heat in different periods: alternating control of westerly belt and subtropical high belt: representative cities: Rome, Perth and Los Angeles. Definition, characteristics, climate characteristics, temperature characteristics, vegetation characteristics, classification, distribution, distribution location, distribution area, causes, vegetation animals, plants, animals, influence, agriculture, economy, tourism, representative cities. Mediterranean climate is a subtropical and temperate climate type. Named after the most typical Mediterranean coastal area. The Mediterranean climate is caused by the alternating control of westerly belt and subtropical high belt. Therefore, the Mediterranean climate is mainly distributed in the Mediterranean coastal areas. In the Mediterranean region, summer is controlled by the subtropical high, and the water temperature in the Mediterranean is lower than that on land, thus forming a high pressure and increasing the influence of the subtropical high. In winter, the Mediterranean water temperature is relatively high, forming a low pressure, attracting the west wind and greatly strengthening its strength. Characteristic Climate Features The subtropical Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot and dry summer and mild and rainy winter, and it is the only climate type with different rain and heat cycles among 13 climate types. Winter is controlled by westerlies, with frequent frontal cyclones and mild climate. Leng Yue has a temperature of 4- 10℃ and abundant precipitation. In summer, controlled by subtropical high, the airflow sinks, the climate is hot and dry with little rain, few clouds and plenty of sunshine. The annual precipitation is 300- 1000 mm, accounting for 60%-70% in winter and only 30%-40% in summer. There is more precipitation in winter than in summer. If the annual precipitation in the Mediterranean region is made into a histogram, it will be found that it will form a basin arc. Temperature characteristics There is a great difference in summer temperature between coastal areas and inland areas. Coastal areas are affected by cold ocean currents, and the temperature is low. The hottest month is below 22℃, and the air is humid and foggy, which is called cool summer type. Inland, far from the ocean, the ocean regulation is small, the air is dry and warm, and the hottest month temperature is above 22℃, which is called warm summer type. Vegetation characteristics The characteristics of subtropical Mediterranean climate are summarized as less rain in high temperature period and more rain in low temperature period. This uncoordinated cooperation is very unfavorable to plants. During the growing season, plants must undergo dry heat exercise. In order to reduce the evaporation of water, leaves are generally thick, and there is a thick waxy layer on the leaves of vegetation, which is small and hard. Therefore, the vegetation type in the Mediterranean is called subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest or subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Classification 1. Subtropical summer and dry climate: The Mediterranean climate zone near the ocean is cool in summer, with little sunshine and fog, and the hottest month is below 22℃, because there is a cold current along the coast and it is influenced by the land and sea winds. Summer is hot and dry, and winter is mild and rainy. 2. Warm summer and subtropical dry summer climate: In the Mediterranean climate zone, which is a little far from the ocean, the temperature is very high in summer under the control of subtropical high, and the hottest month is above 22℃. There is more sunshine, and the annual change range is larger than that of summer cool type. Distribution: The subtropical Mediterranean climate is mainly distributed on the west coast of subtropical continent, such as the Mediterranean coast, the west coast of North and South America at 30-40 north latitude, the Australian continent and the southwest corner of Africa, with the Mediterranean coast being the most extensive and typical. In the northern hemisphere, for example, the subtropical high moves northward in summer and is controlled by high pressure. Affected by the tropical continental air mass, the weather is sunny, dry, hot and rainy. In winter, the subtropical high zone moves southward, which is warm and rainy due to the influence of the westerly belt (Mediterranean front belt). Natural vegetation is evergreen broad-leaved forest and evergreen shrub. Distribution area: 1, Mediterranean coast and Black Sea coast, including southern Europe, northern coast of Africa and a few areas in western Asia. 2. California coast of North America. 3. The west coast of South Africa, that is, the southwest of South Africa and the south of Namibia (called Cape Area or Cape of Good Hope). 4. Central and Southwest Chile in South America. 5. The southwest and southeast coasts of Australia (although it is southeast, it belongs to the west coast, around Adelaide, not Sydney). This climate type is also widely distributed, and it is the only climate type that exists in all continents except Antarctica. The subtropical Mediterranean climate zone is alternately controlled by westerlies, subtropical high belts and trade winds. In winter, the westerly wind zone moves south to this climate zone, and the westerly wind brings humid airflow from the ocean. In addition, frontal cyclones are frequent, so the climate is mild and rainy. In summer, the subtropical high or trade winds move northward in this climatic zone, and the airflow sinks mainly. Coupled with the coastal cold current, it is not easy to form precipitation, so the climate is dry and hot. Among more than ten climate types in the world, the climate types controlled alternately by pressure belts and wind belts throughout the year include tropical grassland climate (controlled alternately by equatorial low pressure belts and trade winds) and tropical desert climate (controlled alternately by trade winds and subtropical high pressure belts) in addition to the Mediterranean climate. The climate controlled by westerlies throughout the year is temperate maritime climate. Mediterranean climate vegetation plants and animals The typical soil in subtropical Mediterranean climate zone is cinnamon soil. The representative vegetation is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. There are also dry shrubs or hard-leaved grasslands (Stipa, etc.). In addition, the Mediterranean climate flowers are also typical. Because the climate in this area is characterized by cool and rainy winter and hot and dry summer, it is a dry period. The areas belonging to this climate type are the Mediterranean coast, near the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, southeast and southwest of Oceania, central Chile in South America and California in North America. Due to the dryness in summer, this area has formed a natural distribution center for autumn bulbs that are dormant in summer. The representative varieties are Iris Narcissus, Tulipa, hyacinthus orientalis, Ranunculus, Crocus sativus, Freesia, Gladiolus, Erythrina, hyacinthus orientalis and Grape. Leucojum, Schillaperuviana, Anemone, etc. Among them, fig is the most famous. Animal civet cats, macaques, etc. Impact Because the Mediterranean climate is a unique climate, the summer is hot and dry, and the winter is mild and rainy, and the unique climatic conditions lead to a unique agricultural production type in the Mediterranean climate zone. The typical agriculture is fruit gardening, and the representative fruits are citrus, grapes and olives. Summer is hot and dry, and the water evaporates violently, which leads to the accumulation of fruit sugar. The mild climate in winter is conducive to the safe overwintering of plants, and sufficient water resources can meet the water demand of plants. Agriculture Most of Jordan is covered by desert, with few rivers, but the climate is mild, belonging to subtropical Mediterranean climate. The subtropical Mediterranean climate is unique among various climate types in the world. Affected by this feature, the agriculture in this area has formed the characteristics of combining drought-tolerant crops, woody cash crops and raising livestock. Wheat and barley are the main crops, followed by oats and corn. Grape, woody crops olive and fig are widely planted cash crops in this area. Economic Subtropical Mediterranean Climate Industry Grapes and olives produced by Mediterranean climate are important raw materials for food industry, such as olive oil food in Algeria, wine and brandy in France, etc. Because the dominant wind direction in the Mediterranean climate zone is the prevailing westerly wind, the petrochemical plant in Sicily, Italy should be located on the east side of the island, which is the downwind direction of the prevailing wind. Tourism climate resources are an important part of tourism resources. The Mediterranean climate zone has a moderate temperature (annual average temperature 15℃) and plenty of sunshine, especially the sunny beaches and mountains covered with pine and cypress in the Mediterranean region, plus villages with a long history and profound cultural heritage and modern metropolises, which make the tourism income here very considerable. For example: France, Italy, Spain, Cyprus, Greece, Egypt, etc. They are all world-famous tourist attractions. Cities representing Europe: Rome (Italy), Milan (Italy), Venice (Italy), Florence (Italy), Naples (Italy), Palermo (Italy), Monaco (Monaco), Marseille (France), Nice (France), Barcelona (Spain), Valencia (Spain) and so on. Sevastopol (Ukraine), Sochi (Russia), Istanbul (Turkey), Vatican (Vatican) Mediterranean Climate Asia: Izmir (Turkey), Antalya (Turkey), Batumi (Georgia), Nicosia (Cyprus), Damascus (Syria), Beirut (Lebanon), Tel Aviv (Israel), Jerusalem. Tripoli (Libya), Tunisia (Tunisia), Algiers (Algeria), Rabat (Morocco), Casablanca (Morocco), Cape Town (South Africa) Oceania: Perth (Australia), Adelaide (Australia) America: San Francisco (USA), Los Angeles (USA), San Diego (USA), San Diego (Chile