The weather is very hot. What if you are suddenly caught in the middle?

The types of heatstroke can be roughly divided into the following four categories according to the different conditions: causes of heatstroke syncope: waking up under long-term direct sunlight. Due to sweating, dehydration, peripheral blood vessels dilate and systemic blood circulation decreases. Symptoms: sudden loss of consciousness. The body temperature is higher than usual, sweating is obvious, and the pulse is creeping. Treatment: infusion cooling therapy. Causes of heatstroke: the supply of water and salt can't keep up with a lot of sweating, and sometimes dehydration symptoms appear. Symptoms: There are various symptoms, such as rectal temperature rising to 39℃, cold skin and obvious sweating. Treatment: infusion and hypothermia therapy. Causes of heat spasm: only water, salt and minerals are insufficient after sweating a lot. Symptoms: Sudden painful spasm and stiffness. Body temperature is higher than usual, obviously sweating. Treatment: oral injection of saline. Heatstroke, in which the cause of heatstroke is only related to direct sunlight, is also called heatstroke: the warm center of [[inferior colliculus] is blocked and the thermoregulation function is lost. Symptoms: There is a high degree of consciousness disorder, the body temperature rises above 40℃, sweating is not obvious, and the skin is dry. Treatment: emergency admission, cooling treatment as soon as possible. [Edit this paragraph] There are many reasons for heatstroke. Working in a high-temperature workshop, if it is not well ventilated, it is easy to get heatstroke; In agriculture and open-air operations, the direct exposure of the sun, coupled with the exposure of the earth, makes the atmospheric temperature rise again, making people's meninges congested and cerebral cortex ischemic, causing heatstroke, and the increase of humidity in the air is easy to induce heatstroke; In public places and families, people are crowded and concentrated, heat production is concentrated, and heat dissipation is difficult. Meteorological conditions of heatstroke The occurrence of heatstroke is not only related to temperature, but also related to humidity, wind speed, labor intensity, high temperature environment, exposure time, system strength, nutritional status, water and salt supply, etc. The factors that induce heatstroke are very complicated, but the most important factor is temperature. According to the meteorological characteristics, the microclimate of heatstroke site can be divided into two categories: one is dry and hot environment, which is characterized by high temperature, strong radiant heat and low humidity. Generally, the ambient temperature is 5- 15℃ higher than that outside, and the relative humidity is often lower than 40%. The other is a hot and humid environment, that is, high temperature and high humidity, but the radiation heat is not strong. Because when the temperature is 35-39℃, 2/3 of the body's residual heat is evaporated and excreted through sweating. At this time, if the surrounding environment is humid, sweat is not easy to evaporate. According to experiments, the conditions leading to heatstroke are: ① Relative humidity 85%, temperature 30-365438 0℃; ② The relative humidity is 50% and the temperature is 38℃; ③ The relative humidity is 30% and the temperature is 40℃. The degree of heatstroke can be divided into three levels: ① threatened heatstroke. In high temperature environment, sweating, thirst, dizziness, tinnitus, chest tightness, palpitation, nausea, limb weakness, inattention, and the body temperature does not exceed 37.5℃; ② Mild heatstroke. Have symptoms of threatened heatstroke, while the body temperature is above 38.5℃, accompanied by flushing, chest tightness, burning skin and other phenomena; Or wet and cold skin, vomiting, blood pressure drop, and rapid pulse; ③ Severe heatstroke. In addition to the above symptoms, syncope or spasm occurs; Or don't sweat, the body temperature is above 40℃. [edit this paragraph] heatstroke symptoms heatstroke refers to an acute disease characterized by disorder of central nervous system and circulatory system caused by disorder of body temperature regulation in high temperature environment. In addition to exposure to the hot sun, excessive work intensity, long time, lack of sleep and excessive fatigue are also common reasons. According to the severity of clinical manifestations, heatstroke can be divided into threatened heatstroke, mild heatstroke and severe heatstroke, and the relationship among them is gradual. ★ Symptoms of premonitory heatstroke In a high temperature environment, symptoms such as headache, dizziness, thirst, excessive sweating, weakness and soreness of limbs, inattention and uncoordinated movements appear. Body temperature is normal or slightly elevated. If it is moved to a cool and ventilated place in time and supplemented with water and salt, it can be recovered in a short time. ★ Mild heatstroke symptoms The body temperature is often above 38 degrees. In addition to dizziness and thirst, there are often manifestations such as flushing, sweating and burning skin, or cold limbs, pale face, decreased blood pressure and accelerated pulse. If handled in time, it can often be recovered within a few hours. ★ As the name implies, severe heatstroke is the most serious kind of heatstroke, and it will be life-threatening if it is not treated in time. This kind of heatstroke can be divided into four types: heat spasm, heat exhaustion, heatstroke and heatstroke. Characteristics of symptoms of heat spasm: it mostly occurs when the concentration of sodium chloride in blood drops rapidly and obviously due to excessive sweating and thirst, excessive drinking water and insufficient salt supplementation. When this kind of heatstroke happens, the muscles will suddenly have paroxysmal spasmodic pain. Symptoms and characteristics of heatstroke: this kind of heatstroke mostly occurs in the elderly and people who can't adapt to the high temperature for a while. The main symptoms are dizziness, headache, palpitation, thirst, nausea, vomiting, cold skin, decreased blood pressure, syncope or confusion. At this time, the body temperature is normal or slightly higher. Symptoms and characteristics of heatstroke: The cause of this kind of heatstroke is just like its name, because under the direct irradiation of the scorching sun, strong sunlight penetrates the skin and skull of the head and causes brain cell damage, which in turn causes brain tissue congestion and edema; Because the main injury is the head, the initial discomfort is severe headache, nausea and vomiting, irritability, and then coma and convulsions may occur. Symptoms and characteristics of heatstroke: Some people have been engaged in manual labor in a high temperature environment for a long time, and the body produces too much heat, but the heat dissipation is insufficient, resulting in a sharp rise in body temperature. At the beginning of the onset, a lot of cold sweat broke out, followed by no sweat, shallow breathing, rapid pulse, restlessness, confusion and decreased blood pressure, which gradually developed into coma with limb convulsions; Severe cases can produce brain edema, pulmonary edema, heart failure and so on. The first-aid method for heatstroke in children (You Yin Pei Zhu) The symptoms of heat injury include: the baby's skin looks rosy at first, but it feels dry and warm to the touch, fidgety and crying, rapid breathing and pulse, and then fatigue, dizziness, convulsions, or coma. When measuring the temperature, it can be as high as 39 degrees Celsius or above. The emergency treatment method is as follows: 1. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Give some decaffeinated cool drinks every ten to fifteen minutes, but don't give them to people who vomit. 3. Move the baby to the shade, take off clothes, and use electric fans and air conditioners to reduce the ambient temperature. The whole body can be wiped with a warm wet towel (tap water is wet; Never use alcohol or ice water instead), or put it in a cold (non-cold) bathtub, so that its body temperature (anal temperature) will drop to 39 degrees Celsius, so as not to drop too low. Never use ice water or ice, because too cold ice water will make the blood vessels of the skin shrink extremely, and the blood flow of the skin will be blocked, so it is impossible to continue to expel heat. People suffering from summer heat should not take general antipyretic drugs, because its antipyretic mechanism (lowering the setting of temperature center) is not good for health. 4. Send a doctor for treatment immediately. The way to prevent heatstroke is 1. Don't expose your baby to the sun. It is also dangerous in a closed car without air conditioning. 2. Keep the surrounding environment ventilated and the temperature appropriate. Don't wrap the baby too tightly. 4. Pay attention to the water supply. If you are sick, have a fever or have loose bowels, you should pay special attention to water supply to avoid excessive dehydration. How to prevent heatstroke in children? Pay attention to weather changes, pay special attention to high temperature forecast, and don't let children go outdoors from noon to 4 pm; Arrange a nap in a cool room; Take a bath and rub your body frequently in hot days; Diet should be emphasized, and drink more light salt boiled water and mung bean soup. Pay attention to indoor ventilation. Even in air-conditioned rooms, windows should be regularly opened for ventilation in the morning and evening. In the hottest days, the indoor temperature should be kept at 26℃, not more than 28℃, but not less than 24℃ to avoid excessive temperature difference between indoor and outdoor. At the same time, it is necessary to control a certain humidity. Long summer is humid, humid, sultry, sweating due to shadows [1], and prone to heatstroke. Choose suitable outdoor activities to take children to the wild tree-lined lake to avoid high fever, and bring heatstroke prevention tools, such as umbrellas and sunglasses. Do not expose for a long time; It is best to swim, row or wade, and also pay attention to sun protection. Reasonable hydration and sweating will lose salt, so you can't just drink boiled water, you should drink light salt water or salt soda. Drinking too much sugary drinks and milk is easy to produce gas and bloating. You can drink some fresh juice. It is advisable to eat a heatstroke prevention diet and advocate eating more light and digestible foods, such as mung bean and lily rice porridge, winter melon soup, salted shrimp, steamed fish and steamed eggs. And eat some coarse grains, such as corn, cereal, millet porridge, etc. How to make children spend the summer healthily and safely? Besides heatstroke, we should also prevent some other summer diseases: [Edit this paragraph] Countermeasures for heatstroke What should I do after heatstroke? When you find yourself and others with symptoms of threatened heatstroke and mild heatstroke, the first thing to do is to quickly evacuate the high temperature environment that causes heatstroke and choose a cool and ventilated place to rest; And drink more salty and cold drinks. You can also apply cool oil, wind oil essence, etc. On the forehead and temples, or take Ren Dan, ten drops of water, Huoxiang Zhengqi water and other traditional Chinese medicines. If your blood pressure drops and you collapse, you should lie flat immediately and go to the hospital for intravenous drip of normal saline in time. For severe heatstroke patients, in addition to immediately transferring them from high temperature environment to a cool and ventilated place, they should also be sent to the hospital quickly and take comprehensive measures for treatment. If you are far away from the hospital, you should keep the patient away from the high temperature environment, wrap the patient with wet sheets or clothes and give him a strong fan to increase evaporation and heat dissipation. It is also a good idea to soak the patient in a lake or river while waiting for transfer, or even use snow or ice to cool him down. If the patient is shivering, the cooling process should be slowed down, because shivering can increase the core body temperature (warning: the body temperature should be measured every 10 minute/time. Don't let the body temperature drop to 38.3℃, so as not to continue to cool down and cause hypothermia. In hospitals, the core body temperature should be continuously monitored to ensure its stability. Avoid stimulants and sedatives, including morphine; If convulsions cannot be controlled, diazepam and barbiturates can be injected intravenously. Electrolyte should be determined frequently to guide intravenous fluid infusion. After severe heatstroke, it is best to stay in bed for a few days, and the body temperature can still fluctuate within a few weeks.