Precipitation calculation method

The calculation method of precipitation is as follows:

1, Rain Gauge: Rain Gauge is an instrument for directly measuring precipitation, which can be calculated by recording the accumulation depth of rainwater in a specific time. Common rain gauges include tipping bucket rain gauge and float rain gauge.

2. Standard area method: This method is often used to estimate the precipitation in a small area. By collecting the precipitation in a container with a known area, the precipitation is calculated according to the standard area and precipitation depth of the container.

3. Calculation method of radar precipitation: Using radar to observe a large range of precipitation and combining with mathematical model to estimate precipitation. This method is suitable for large-scale precipitation estimation, such as NEXRAD radar system commonly used in meteorological forecast.

4. Ground weather station data method: The data recorded by ground weather stations (including weather stations and automatic weather stations), including rain gauge, humidity and temperature, are used to analyze the precipitation through statistics.

5. Isorainfall line method: connect the measured precipitation at the precipitation station with the isorainfall line to form a precipitation isoline map, and calculate the precipitation through the area between isolines.

6. Computer model method: use computer model (such as numerical weather forecast model) to simulate a wide range of meteorological parameters, so as to estimate precipitation.

Interpretation of precipitation and common types of precipitation

I. Interpretation of precipitation

Precipitation refers to the phenomenon that water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into liquid or solid form and falls to the ground. Precipitation is an important part of the earth's atmospheric circulation, which has an important impact on the earth's ecology, agriculture and water resources. Precipitation can be divided into many forms, mainly rain, snow, fog, dew, frost, hail, graupel and so on.

Second, the common types of precipitation

1, rain and snow: rain is a kind of liquid precipitation, the most common form of precipitation, which is formed by the cooling and condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere. Snow is solid precipitation, formed in cold air. Water vapor condenses directly into ice crystals and finally falls in the form of snow.

2. Fog and dew: Fog is low-altitude water vapor condensation, forming a cloud close to the ground, which can't reach the ground and has low visibility. Dew refers to the phenomenon that water vapor in the atmosphere cools and condenses on the surface of objects at night or early morning.

3. Frost and hail: Frost is the direct condensation of water vapor in the air into a solid form, which adheres to the ground or the surface of an object. Hail is a solid precipitation formed by the combination of water droplets in the updraft and other water droplets falling again after being frozen at high altitude, usually accompanied by thunderstorm.

4. sleet: a form of precipitation consisting of raindrops or hail particles that are half ice and half water. Polonium is a mixture of solid and liquid precipitation, usually between hail and rain, but unlike snow, its falling material is semi-frozen or partially frozen small particles.