Loquat ripens every other year. How to avoid being "frozen"?

Formulate frost-proof zoning for loquat cultivation

The occurrence and freezing degree of loquat are not only affected by meteorological factors, but also by botanical factors (such as varieties, rootstock types, tree age, growth status, cultivation management level, etc.). ). In addition to the influence of low temperature (including low temperature intensity, low temperature form, cooling range, low temperature occurrence period and duration, etc. ), meteorological factors are also related to wind direction, wind speed, air humidity and weather conditions before and after freezing injury. Therefore, the production division of loquat should be divided according to the comprehensive ecological conditions such as temperature, soil, rainfall and sunshine, social conditions such as market and transportation, and the severity of loquat freezing injury.

Carry out weather forecast of freezing injury of fruit trees

Make a good forecast of freezing weather, take comprehensive anti-freezing measures before and during freezing, and strengthen nursing in time after freezing.

Cultivating and selecting cold-resistant varieties

Generally, the northern subtropical variety group has stronger cold resistance than the southern subtropical variety group, the early-maturing variety is the most susceptible to freezing, and the middle-maturing variety is more susceptible to freezing than the late-maturing variety. Therefore, different loquat varieties should be selected according to the climate of the cultivation area and the site conditions of the orchard to reduce the freezing injury.

Scientific selection of loquat cultivation garden and rational utilization of microclimate

Planting in the right place, the mountain area should choose the southeast hillside to avoid the wind. In the mountainside area, we should choose the mountainous area with higher altitude and use the inversion layer. Lakes, mountain ponds and reservoirs are good planting places, because when they are attacked by cold current, the temperature drops relatively little. In order to avoid cold air sinking and cold air blowing, evergreen economic forest protection belts can be planted around the orchard to improve the microclimate of the orchard.

Strengthen comprehensive cultivation and enhance the ability to prevent freezing and cold.

According to the investigation, the leaves of loquat with weak tree potential are few and small, which reduces the heat preservation effect of leaves on fruits in the crown; The ear is thin and weak, with few flowers per ear and short flowering period, which is vulnerable to freezing injury. Therefore, it is the basis of improving the frost resistance of trees to adopt comprehensive management centered on strengthening fertilizer and water management, rational pruning and pest control, cultivate vigorous tree vigor and maintain a reasonable leaf-fruit ratio.

Emergency measures before freezing

Adjust the flowering period and limit the fruit.

Take advantage of late-blooming flowers. Young fruits with early flowering have a high probability of freezing, while young fruits with late flowering can avoid freezing injury. However, flowers that bloom too late generally have poor growth and development, young fruits have a short growth and development period, and the fruits are small and colored. Therefore, in areas prone to freezing injury, if it blooms and bears fruit from 65438+February in the middle and late June to 65438+1October in the middle of June of the following year, the "high-nitrogen Doctor Mai Compound Fertilizer" should be applied in cooperation with bud thinning.

Dry the roots. That is to say, before flowering, tear open the root soil and see the root with a root thickness of about 1 cm, and dry it for 7? 10 day or so, and then fertilizing and covering the soil can delay flowering for about half a month.

Smoke and frost prevention

According to the weather forecast, before the arrival of frost or cold wave, garbage, chaff, wet firewood or weeds are used to make a fire and smoke in the park to heat the air in the park, reduce the harm of radiation cooling and resist short-term low temperature.