How to grow grapes

1, selected varieties:

Select fine varieties with short internodes, hard branches and vines, strong uprightness and weak secondary branches, such as white feather, Bamite, red rose, covedinka and so on.

2. Reasonable close planting:

Using high density planting, the general row spacing can be 2 ~ 2.5× 1 m, with 267 ~ 333 plants per 667 square meters. Planting should be carried out in winter and spring, and sufficient base fertilizer and water should be applied before planting.

3. Scientific plastic surgery:

① Insert a "twig column" with a diameter of more than 2 cm and a height of 1.2 ~ 1.5 m beside the seedlings, so that the new grape shoots can grow along the column. When the new shoots grow to 60 cm high, pick the core and thicken the trunk, and cut off the secondary branches in winter. If there are branches and vines at the base, leave a vine batten between the left and right rows, dig it out 40 cm away from the main vine, and tie it to the trunk at a height of 50 ~ 70 cm to prevent it from falling horizontally, and wipe off all the rest.

(2) After the main branches germinate in the second year, three new shoots are left, and the upper two sides are horizontally bound with the left and right adjacent plants to prevent lodging between plants, and at the same time, temporary fruit-bearing parts are cultivated. The new shoots at the top continue to grow vertically, and when they grow to 60 cm high, they are topped and tied to small pillars.

(3) In the third year, the permanent fruiting part of the upper layer is cultivated in the same way as in the second year.

④ In the fourth year, the fruiting branches are cultivated in the upper fruiting parts, and the lower fruiting parts are cut off according to the situation.

4, culture fruiting branch group:

Leave a mother branch every 20 cm on the horizontal main vine, and leave two new shoots on each mother branch. Allow new buds to bear fruit. The temporary result part is 60 cm from the ground, and the permanent result part is 120 cm from the ground. Letting the new shoots and ear droop naturally instead of pruning and coring in summer can increase its leaf area, enhance photosynthesis and increase nutrient accumulation, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and increase yield. Four or five years later, when the main stem is 4 ~ 5 cm thick, small columns can be removed to form a frame naturally.

5, fertilizer and water management:

Strengthen the comprehensive management based on fertilizer and water, ensure strong seedlings in the first year, bear fruit in the second year, and produce more than 700 kilograms of fruit in 667 square meters in three years.

① Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Before planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer. The method is to dig a ditch with a width of 60 cm and a depth of 60 cm in the root system concentrated distribution area 50 ~ 80 cm away from the trunk, and apply 5000 kg of decomposed pig manure or cow dung and phosphate fertilizer 100 ~ 150 kg every 667 square meters. Pay attention to the exchange of raw and cooked soil when fertilizing, fill the raw soil at the bottom of the ditch and mix the organic fertilizer.

② Top dressing frequently. After the grapes germinate, the base fertilizer in the planting ditch can't be absorbed because of the small amount of shallow roots. In order to promote the vigorous growth of seedlings, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in time after germination Its method is furrow application, first dilute and then concentrate, first less and then more, and a small amount for many times. Fertilization ditch should have a certain distance from the root system, and at the same time, fertilizer and water should be combined. In the second half of the year, after the seedlings reach a certain growth, the number of topdressing can be changed from 15 ~ 20 days to 20 ~ 30 days, and the amount of topdressing should be increased appropriately, with phosphorus and potassium as the main fertilizers.

③ Applying foliar fertilizer. Applying foliar fertilizer in time, or adding proper amount of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and photosynthetic micro-fertilizer when spraying, can not only promote the growth of plants, but also ensure the robustness of trees and promote the differentiation of flower buds to some extent.

④ Reasonable watering and timely drainage. If the grape seedlings are not covered with plastic film after planting, more attention should be paid to watering frequently, and if it doesn't rain after fertilization, it should be watered in time. There is too much rain in the rainy season, so we should pay attention to timely drainage, and pay attention to timely watering in case of high temperature and drought in late summer and early autumn.

6, disease prevention and pest control:

Key measures for pest control of frameless grapes are as follows:

① Garden cleaning in winter: thoroughly clean the diseased leaves, branches and ears of grapes after winter, and spray 3 ~ 5 degrees of sulfur mixture and 200 times of sodium pentachlorophenol before germination to prevent diseases;

(2) The right medicine: according to the symptoms of various diseases and insect pests on the branches, leaves and fruits of grapes, recognize what diseases and insect pests are and use drugs to avoid blindness in prevention and control;

③ Early prevention. Predict the occurrence regularity of various pests and diseases, and spray pesticides in the most sensitive period of pests and diseases (generally, the initial infection period and the peak period after rain are the best prevention and control period of grape diseases);

④ Broad-spectrum pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity should be used in the early stage of grape growth, new drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity and strong lethality should be used in the middle and late stage, fungicides should be sprayed after rain, and protectants should be sprayed on sunny days.

Extended data

Grape woody vines. Branchlets cylindrical, longitudinally ribbed, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Tendrils are 2-branched, opposite to leaves at intervals of 2 nodes. The leaves are ovoid, obviously 3-5-lobed or middle-lobed, 7-18cm long and 6-16cm wide. The middle lobe is pointed at the top, the lobes are often connected, the base is often constricted, narrow, sometimes wide, the base is deeply heart-shaped, the base is concave into a circle, the two sides are often connected, and the edge is 22-20. There are 5 basal veins, 4-5 pairs of lateral veins in the middle vein, and the reticular veins are not obvious; Petiole 4-9 cm long, subglabrous; Stipules fall off early.

Panicle is dense or scattered, with many flowers, opposite to leaves, many branches at the base, 10-20 cm long, peduncle 2-4 cm long, and a small amount of hairless or sparse spider-like fluff; Pedicel length 1.5-2.5 mm, glabrous; The bud is obovoid, 2-3 mm high and nearly round at the top; Calyx is shallow dish-shaped, with wavy edges and glabrous outside; Petals 5, hat-shaped debonding; 5 stamens, filiform filaments, 0.6-65438 0 mm long, yellow anthers, ovoid, 0.4-0.8 mm long, obviously short, female flowers aborted or completely degenerated; Disk developed, 5-lobed; The pistil is 1, which completely degenerates in male flowers. The ovary is oval, the style is short, and the stigma is enlarged.

The fruit is spherical or oval, with a diameter of1.5-2cm; Seeds obovate, short and round at the top and short beak at the base. Umbilical cord is oval, located in the middle of the back of the seed, with slightly raised ridge on the ventral surface and wide furrows on both sides, reaching 1/4 of the seed. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is August-September. ? Baidu encyclopedia-grapes