Muscovy duck culture technology

Muscovy duck breeding technology Muscovy duck is also called tumor-headed duck and foreign duck. Drakes give off musk smell during the breeding season, so they are also called musk ducks. Muscovy duck, native to South America and Central America, is a famous meat duck. Muscovy ducks have been raised in China for more than 200 years, and there are many in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan and other places. Muscovy duck is a high-grade roast duck with fast growth, heavy weight, high lean meat rate, tender meat and delicious taste, which has the flavor of wild birds. Muscovy duck has a large liver and sells well in the international market. Muscovy ducks have been regarded as nourishing treasures since ancient times. Breeding muscovy ducks has become a good project for farmers to increase their income and get rich. Appearance characteristics of muscovy duck: Muscovy duck is different from domestic duck, with long oval shape, sharp front and narrow back, big head, thick and short neck, and red or black skin tumor around mouth and eye socket. The skin tumor of male duck is thick and wide, which is more developed than that of female duck. Muscovy ducks have a row of long longitudinal hairs on their heads, which will stand up like a brush when they are frightened and stimulated. Muscovy duck feathers are white, black and black and white. The white muscovy duck has white feathers, pink snout and bright red pachydermoma. The plumage of muscovy duck is black with dark green luster, and the color of sarcoma is black and red. The plumage of muscovy ducks varies from black to white. Most of the crustaceans are red with black spots. Life habits of muscovy ducks: Muscovy ducks have certain flying ability, are courageous and are not afraid of people. Muscovy ducks don't like to play in the water for a long time. They are heat-resistant and drought-resistant, and can be raised in water, dry, captive and stocked. You can mate in water or on land, and the fertilization rate is not affected. Muscovy duck webbed is big and fat, with smooth gait, clumsy movements and gentle temperament. Sometimes one foot touches the ground, the other foot curls up, and the head is buried under the wing, showing the shape of "golden rooster independence" and standing for a long time. Muscovy ducks are omnivorous, resistant to roughage and strong in disease resistance, and rarely get sick under good feeding conditions. Besides general feed, I also like to eat green vegetables and animal feed such as fish, shrimp and earthworm. Muscovy ducks like to live in groups. Muscovy ducks often lie down in groups after eating, which is suitable for intensive and large-scale feeding. Male muscovy ducks hiss when they are sexually mature. During the breeding period, the female muscovy ducks will have a "chirping" sound, and some are nesting. Muscovy ducks have strong adaptability and can be raised by ordinary families. However, the economic benefit of family free-range farming is not high, and it is necessary to build large-scale farms to obtain better economic benefits. Today, we will introduce the factory feeding management technology of Muscovy Duck. 1. Site selection 1. Geographical location: The location of duck farm requires convenient transportation, smooth roads inside and outside the site, and convenient transportation of production and living materials. It is best for duck farms to have ponds or pools. 2. Terrain: The site selection requires relatively high and dry terrain, with the leeward facing the sun, which is convenient for lighting, ventilation and drainage. 3. Soil quality: The soil quality of the duck farm is preferably sandy loam, which can keep the house dry inside and outside, and can remove accumulated water in time after rain. Building duck houses on clay land should be avoided. 4. Water source: Duck farms should consider water quantity and water quality. Groundwater is the best water source with clean water quality, which meets the requirements of drinking water hygiene. 5. Power supply: In order to ensure the normal power supply of duck farms, generators should be provided in areas with frequent power outages. 6. Duck shed: The common forms of duck shed are single slope, double slope and arched duck shed. Small duck farms or duck farms are usually made of bamboo, old wood, linoleum or asbestos tiles. The duck house should have pens, sports fields, duck beaches and other facilities, and the sports field area is 3~5 times that of the duck house. There are not many equipment for raising muscovy ducks, and hydroponics, Pei Lu, captivity and stocking can all adapt. Second, the breeding of muscovy ducks. Because of the low hatching rate and low efficiency when muscovy ducks hatch naturally, it can not meet the development needs of muscovy duck breeding industry. At present, large-scale muscovy ducks are artificially hatched by electric incubators. 1. Selection of breeding eggs ... Breeding eggs should come from regular muscovy duck farms. The eggs must be clean, and oval eggs with proper size and normal shape should be selected. The hatching rate of eggs with normal shape is high, and the hatched ducklings are robust, lively and tidy, which is convenient for feeding and management and has a high survival rate. The color of eggshell represents the variety characteristics, and the standard color of muscovy duck is jade white. Duck eggs are bigger than ordinary duck eggs, and the hatching weight should be 78-85g. The fresher the eggs for hatching, the better. In general, eggs are stored for no more than 7 days in spring and autumn, no more than 5 days in summer and no more than 65,438+00 days in winter. After everything is ready, you can hatch the eggs. Put the big head of the selected egg up in the incubation tray. Because of the low shelf life temperature of the eggs, in order to make the eggs reach the temperature in the incubator quickly after laying eggs, the eggs are preheated at 22 ~ 25℃ 4 ~ 6 hours or 12 ~ 18 hours before hatching. In the early incubation period (1 ~ 15d), the temperature in the incubator is controlled at 38.5 ~ 38℃, and in the middle incubation period (16 ~ 30d), the temperature is controlled at 38 ~ 37.5℃ and the incubation period is controlled at 37.5℃. Generally, two batches are hatched every week, preferably at 4 ~ 5 pm, so that a large number of chickens can be hatched during the day, which is convenient for work. The relative humidity in the incubator should be kept at 55% ~ 65%, and it should be 65% ~ 75% during incubation. The main purpose of ventilation in the incubator is to provide oxygen for muscovy duck embryo development, discharge nitrogen dioxide and heat, and make the incubator temperature uniform. 3. The purpose of egg turning is to heat the egg evenly, supply fresh air, prevent the embryo from attaching to the shell membrane, promote the movement of the embryo, improve the blood circulation of the embryo and enhance the vitality of the embryo. Generally, eggs are turned every 2 hours in mechanical incubation, and must be turned on the first 1 ~ 16 days of incubation, especially in the first week of incubation. The angle of turning the egg is 45 degrees forward and 45 degrees backward from the horizontal position, and the movement should be even and stable to prevent the yolk membrane and blood vessels from breaking and the embryo from dying. 4. Cold eggs are the key to improve the hatching rate of muscovy duck eggs. Duck eggs are characterized by large eggs, thick shells, few pores and poor air permeability. After incubation 14 days, the temperature of the eggs exceeded the temperature in the incubator due to the enhanced fat metabolism, so the eggs should be cooled down. Spraying duck eggs with warm water at 25℃ ~ 28℃ can dispel the residual heat, promote the contraction and expansion of eggshell and eggshell membrane, as well as water metabolism and gas exchange, thus enhancing the vitality of embryos. Duck eggs can also be pushed out of the incubator to cool the eggs. Generally, it is cooled once every morning and evening for 20 ~ 60 minutes. 5. According to the eggs in the incubation process, in order to understand the development of embryos, eggs are taken for 2 ~ 3 times, and eggs are taken on the tenth day of incubation, and some unfertilized eggs and dead eggs are removed. Thereby improving the hatching rate. Practice has proved that as long as the hatching and management are scientific, the hatching rate of muscovy duck fertilized eggs can basically reach more than 90%, and some can reach 98%. 6. Shadow

The incubation period of muscovy ducks is 33-35 days. When most embryos peck at their shells, they begin to hatch. During the incubation period, according to the incubation situation, ducklings and empty eggshells with dry fluff are picked up in time. Don't open the door often, so as not to reduce the temperature and humidity and affect the normal incubation. When incubating, you should always sprinkle water on the ground to ensure indoor and indoor humidity. The ducklings picked up every time are put into an incubator or a special box, so that the ducklings can get enough rest and get ready to enter the brooding room or wait for delivery. Muscular injection of muscovy duck parvovirus vaccine must be carried out on the day of incubation to prevent parvovirus. Third, the feeding and management of ducklings are generally ducklings hatched to 3 weeks old, and ducklings should be fully disinfected before entering the house. 1. Heat preservation In order to improve the survival rate, the ducklings are dried and concentrated in the brooding room, the room temperature is kept at 25-30℃, and the temperature is lowered at 1℃ every1day until it is consistent with the outside temperature. Ducks like to huddle together to warm each other, so they should be pushed away in time to prevent being crushed or suffocated. The temperature is low in winter and spring, so infrared lamps are often used to keep young birds warm. Generally, each 250W infrared lamp can keep 100 ~ 120 ducklings warm. The room temperature control standard is about 28℃ in the first week, 25℃ in the second week and 22℃ in the third week.

2. The hatched ducklings need to be illuminated day and night for three days, and then the illumination time can be gradually reduced until they are completely naturally illuminated after three weeks. Rodent-infested areas should be illuminated with 15 ~ 25W electric lights all night to prevent rodent infestation, and the sunshine should be fully exposed as far as possible on sunny days.

3. The newly hatched ducklings are very sensitive to dehydration. Therefore, ducklings should drink water within 24 hours after hatching to ensure that there is clean drinking water in the water dispenser at any time. In cold weather, warm water should be used for drinking water. Ducks should rest for an hour or two after entering the house, let them move freely and get familiar with the environment, and then drink water before eating. Sprinkle the ducklings with full-price feed on the tray and let them eat freely. .

4. Muscovy ducks with broken beaks began to molt at 4-5 weeks old. Muscovy ducks are used to pecking at feathers and are prone to pecking addiction. Therefore, when they are 2-3 weeks old, it helps to prevent pecking and reduce feed loss. Special beak crusher, hot scalpel, electric soldering iron, etc. It's used to break the beak of a bird. 5. Health and epidemic prevention should be cleaned frequently, and duck houses should be kept clean and disinfected. Spray disinfectant once a day in the first week, once every two days in the second week, once every three days in the third week, and once a week thereafter. Muscovy duck parvovirus vaccine must be injected intramuscularly on the day when ducklings are hatched to prevent parvovirus. Prevention of flower liver disease by intramuscular injection of "flower liver vaccine" at the age of three days. Fourth, the feeding management of middle-aged ducklings is 4-5 weeks old. At this time, the tissues and organs of ducks grow and develop rapidly, the gastrointestinal volume increases, the digestive ability is greatly enhanced, the metabolism is accelerated, the villi are gradually replaced by normal feathers, the skeleton structure is basically fully developed, the muscles grow rapidly, subcutaneous fat accumulates day by day, the body functions are strengthened, and the adaptability and disease resistance are enhanced. Feeding management can be extensive, and it is necessary to move from brooding house to meat duck house, reduce feeding density and feed medium-sized duck feed with low nutritional level and large particle size. The digestive ability of middle-aged and young ducks is enhanced, the feed intake is large, and they are tolerant to rough feeding. In addition to increasing the daily total feed consumption, green feed such as grass and vegetables should also be supplemented. If the feed is prepared, it can be refined and thickened. The general feed formula is: corn flour 50%, soybean meal 14%, bran 7%, fine bran 10%, bean cake 14%, fish meal 4%, salt 0.5% and additive 0.5%. Ducks should be raised in groups in management, and each group of muscovy ducks should be raised separately from the mother ducks after 3 weeks of age, and the male and female ducks should be raised separately through sex identification, which not only promotes the orderly growth of ducks, but also promotes rapid fattening and shortens the growth period. At this stage, we should always drive away ducks, strengthen exercise and promote the growth and development of muscovy ducks. Disinfect the duck house with disinfectant every week. V. Management of Muscovy Ducks After 6 weeks, the ducklings entered the duckling stage and began to gradually reach sexual maturity. At this stage, muscovy ducks grow very fast, and the growth and development of bones, muscles and organs are in a vigorous period. Muscovy ducks after 6 weeks of age have enhanced digestive ability, large feed intake and rough feeding tolerance. In addition to increasing the consumption of full-price feed every day, we should also supplement green feed such as grass and vegetables. Male muscovy ducks are fattened to 10 week old and weigh 3.5 ~ 4 kg, while female muscovy ducks 1.5 ~ 2 kg can be put on the market. Muscovy duck has high feed utilization rate and good roughage resistance. The formula of muscovy duck's diet is: corn husk 45-70%, bran 10% soybean meal, bean cake 25%, sesame meal, rapeseed meal 3%, fish meal 3%, bone meal, shell meal 2%, grass meal 5%, salt 0.3% and additive 0.5%. The breeding of muscovy ducklings has two purposes, one is to select them as excellent individuals, and the other is to make them into breeding ducks. If you want to fatten up and sell, you should pay attention to the following problems: Muscovy ducks gain weight quickly before they are ten weeks old, and then their growth rate begins to slow down. But at this time, the meat yield is low and the taste of meat is not good. Usually, the slaughter age of male and female muscovy ducks is extended to 12 weeks and 1 1 week. Because muscovy ducks have special compensatory growth ability, we can adopt the method of controlling feeding, that is, dieting. From the age of 7-8 weeks, when the muscovy ducks are fed with 90%-95% of their free intake, the feed will be reduced by 5% without affecting their growth, and the feed-meat ratio will be increased by 5%- 10%, which will not only increase the feed reward, but also increase the ketone. During this period, increasing the proportion of energy feed, limiting its activities, maintaining a quiet, dry and clean environment, promoting duck fattening and tidy feathers are conducive to sales and obtaining higher economic benefits. Muscovy ducks can be slaughtered or sold. When they weigh about 4 kilograms, fat deposits form under the skin and abdomen. Six, reserve muscovy duck feeding management

Muscovy ducks aged 9-24 weeks are backup muscovy ducks for laying eggs. Male and female muscovy ducks should be selected for duck breeding. 1. Male muscovy ducks should be selected with muscular, strong physique, gorgeous feathers and strong reproductive ability, weighing 3-4kg. Female ducks should be chosen with thin and bright feathers, oval shape, short neck and beak, good at foraging and resistant hands, which are suitable for breeding ducks. 2. Sex ratio The sex ratio of muscovy ducks that naturally mate is 1: 7, and the male duck should be larger than the female duck 1 month. Male and female ducks are raised in groups in the early stage and put into female ducks at the age of 22 weeks to adapt to each other, which is helpful to improve the fertilization rate. 3. During the utilization period of breeding ducks, male ducks can only be used for 1 year, and can be treated as commercial ducks after utilization, while female ducks can be used for 2-3 years, because female muscovy ducks will increase their nesting ability and decrease their egg laying ability with age, and must be eliminated in the fourth year. 4. The duck house requires that the duck house should have good thermal insulation performance, the ground should be kept dry, there should be electric lights to fill the light, and there should be egg-laying nests. Large-scale breeding can enclose a corner of the duck house and spread straw directly on the ground to become a flat "laying box" for laying eggs. Muscovy ducks are heat-tolerant, which has little effect on egg laying rate in summer, but low temperature has great influence on egg laying. When the room temperature is lower than 15℃, the energy will decrease, so attention should be paid to the thermal insulation performance when building duck houses. 5. Feed and breeding ducks should be controlled before the age of 265,438+0 weeks, the nutritional standard should be lowered, and the feed intake should be controlled to avoid the overweight of female ducks affecting the laying of eggs, and the male ducks need not be strictly controlled. After the mother duck is born, the nutritional level of the feed should be higher, the crude protein in the feed should reach 16%- 17%, and the feed should be enough for muscovy ducks to eat freely. During the laying period, the drinking water of female ducks must be hygienic, and dirty water, rain water or snow water should not be drunk, so as to avoid the decrease of egg production. 6. Before 2 1 week-old, breeding ducks should control the light, mainly natural light, which is influential and mature, and the daily light should not exceed 12 hours to avoid breeding ducks prematurely. Light and temperature have great influence on the laying of female ducks. Generally, light is supplemented from the age of 26 weeks, and the illumination time is increased by 15 minutes every week until it reaches 16 hours. Muscovy ducks are afraid of dirty and cold. Duck coops should be kept clean and dry, and the padding should be replaced once a week. Pay attention to the dryness, ventilation and disinfection of duck house. Muscovy ducks have the habit of laying eggs in a fixed position. Don't touch the egg nest casually. When you start laying eggs, don't pick all the eggs in the nest. Leave one or two "eggs" every day. In order to create a quiet environment, the mother duck should be vigilant when laying eggs, and strangers should not come near to avoid stress affecting laying eggs. Muscovy ducks are generally injected with avian influenza vaccine three times, once at 3 weeks old, once at 14 weeks old and once at 20 weeks old. Seven, do a good job in epidemic prevention and control. Large groups of muscovy ducks should pay attention to regular vaccination against muscovy duck parvovirus disease, duck plague, avian influenza and other vaccines, and all localities should formulate immunization procedures and disease prevention measures as appropriate according to the specific situation of epidemic situations in various places. Veterinarians in duck farms should visit duck houses every day and pay attention to the cleanliness and disease prevention of duck houses. Disinfect the surrounding environment of duck house comprehensively and thoroughly with disinfectant on a regular basis. Regular health examination should be carried out for ducks, and early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment should be achieved for diseases of ducks. If serious infectious diseases are found, measures should be taken to put them out in time. After each batch of muscovy ducks is sold, the duck shed should be closed for comprehensive disinfection, and the duck shed should be vacant for more than two weeks before the next batch of ducks can be raised. In a word, comprehensive measures must be taken in muscovy duck breeding, and every link in production cannot be relaxed. Only by raising ducks scientifically can we get higher economic benefits.