The weather and climate in Jining

Generally speaking, this phenomenon is more common in recent years!

Here are some materials for reference!

geographical position

Jining is located in the south of Shandong Province, at the junction of the four provinces of Sulu, Henan and Anhui, bordering Linyi in the east, Heze, the hometown of peony in the west, Zaozhuang and Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province in the south, Tai 'an in the north and Liaocheng across the Yellow River in the northwest. The northernmost point is Zouqiao Village, Xiaolukou Town, Liangshan County, with a latitude of 35 57'; The southernmost point is Liu Xin Farm, Gaolou Township, Weishan County, with a latitude of 34 26'; The easternmost point is surabaya county Quanlin Xianglishan Railway Station, east longitude117 36'; The westernmost point is Gaotang Village, Heihumiao Township, Liangshan County, east longitude11552'; North-south length 167 km, east-west width 158 km. Jining, with its superior geographical location and convenient transportation, is an important channel connecting East China and North China, inland and coastal areas. Three expressways, three railways and four national highways run through the territory, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the north and south. Jining Qufu Airport has been opened, and the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway under construction has set up a station in Qufu.

area of land

The total land area of the city 10684.9 square kilometers. Among them, the plain area is 5243. 1 km2, accounting for 49.1%of the total area; Depression area 1780 km2, accounting for16.7% of the total area; Lake area 1568.2 km2, accounting for14.7% of the total area; Mountain area 1329.8 km2, accounting for12.4% of the total area; The hilly area is 763.8 square kilometers, accounting for 7. 1% of the total area.

The southernmost tip of the land is Zuogudui Village, Yutai County!

topography

Jining belongs to the junction of Taiyi low hill in southern Shandong and Huanghuaihai plain in southwestern Shandong, and belongs to the fault block depression in southwestern North China in geological structure. The city's topography is mainly plain depressions, with high topography in the east and low topography in the west, and the landform is more complicated. The mountains in the east are endless and undulating. East of beijing-shanghai railway, the altitude is above 50- 100 meters. Famous mountains include Qufu Nishan (the main peak is 344 meters above sea level), Zoucheng Yishan (the main peak is 545 meters above sea level), Phoenix Mountain (the main peak is 648.8 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the city), Sishui Yaoshan (the main peak is 582 meters above sea level) and Laozhai Mountain (the main peak). There are many small basins and valleys among the mountains. The eastern foot of Nansi Lake is an alluvial plain in front of Taiyi Mountain, which inclines from east to west. The elevation of the ground is 60-35m, and the ground fluctuates slightly (ground slope11000-1/3000). To the west of Nansi Lake is a relatively flat yellow floodplain, which slopes from west to east. The ground elevation is 39-34m, with little fluctuation (the ground slope is only1/5000-110000). There are sporadic isolated hills and residual hills exposed in the south of Jiaxiang County and the northwest of Jinxiang County, such as Mengliang Mountain (the main peak is 243. 1 m above sea level, which is the highest peak in Jiaxiang County) and Yangshan Mountain. Nansi Lake (Weishan Lake, Nanyang Lake, Zhaoyang Lake and dushan lake) runs through the north and south. The terrain is high around and low in the middle, like a vegetable basin. Minimum elevation of lake bottom: Upper Lake 3 1.5m, Lower Lake 30m. Hubei is the lower edge of the alluvial fan in front of Taiyi Mountain, which inclines from northeast to southwest. The ground elevation is 60-36 meters, and the fluctuation is relatively gentle. The ground slope is 1/3000- 1/5000. Gushan Mountain is located in Juntun and Baishi in the north of Wenshang County. (The picture shows Lushan Mountain)

Climatic characteristics

Jining city is located in the East Asian monsoon climate zone, which belongs to the warm temperate monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. South in summer, affected by tropical marine air mass or denatured tropical marine air mass, with high temperature and rainy weather; There are many northerly winds in winter, influenced by polar continental air masses, and there are many sunny and cold weather; Spring and autumn are the adjustment periods of atmospheric circulation, and spring is prone to drought and windy, and it recovers quickly; It's cool in autumn, but sometimes it rains. Rich in light energy resources is a major feature of Jining's climate. The average annual temperature in Jining is13.3℃-14.1℃, and the average frost-free period is 199 days. The average annual precipitation is about 597-820mm.

water resource

The total level of natural water resources in the city is 5.5 billion cubic meters per year, including 3.4 billion cubic meters of surface water and 2 1 100 million cubic meters of groundwater. The total amount of available water resources is 3.037 billion cubic meters, including 65.438+0.744 billion cubic meters of surface water and 65.438+0.293 billion cubic meters of groundwater. Compared with the average situation of the whole province, the natural water resources in Jining City is 445,000 cubic meters per square kilometer, which is more than the average level of the whole province 1 17000 cubic meters. The per capita possession is 740 cubic meters, 64.8% more than the province's per capita 449 cubic meters; The available water resource is 270,400 m3/km2, 76.8% more than the provincial average152,900 m3, and the per capita available water is 449 m3, 38.7% more than the provincial average of 324 m3. (The picture shows nishan reservoir in Jining area)

Biological resources

Jining city is rich in animal and plant species. There are 904 kinds of higher plants in the city, including crops, vegetables, woody plants, flowers and trees (flowers), green manure grasses, medicinal plants and wild economic plants. The main crops are wheat, rice, corn, sweet potato and cotton. Among them, the local varieties designated as famous products in Shandong Province are Qufu fragrant rice, Nong Yu No.1 rice, Jingu and Sishui small miscellaneous beans. The forest community situation is as follows: Jining is a warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest area, but there are also many plant species introduced from north and south. At present, forest vegetation types are: deciduous broad-leaved pure forest, coniferous mixed forest, coniferous forest and so on. And they are basically artificial forests. Common tree species are: poplar, willow, elm, Sophora japonica, paulownia, melia azedarach, Ailanthus altissima, pine and cypress, and apples, pears, peaches, hawthorn and pomegranate. There are many ancient trees, famous trees and famous fruits in Jining city, which are mainly distributed in temples. In addition, there are some rare tree species, such as Zheshu, Chaiteng, Elm, Gleditsia sinensis, Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Sapium sebiferum and so on. There are 92 families and 357 species of medicinal plants in the city, including more than 80 kinds of medicinal materials. Among the 363 kinds of medicinal materials needed for national census, there are 15 1 medicinal materials in Jining city. There are also many kinds of animals in the city, including more than 30 kinds of breeding animals, 78 kinds of aquatic fish and 36 kinds of mollusks. Livestock and poultry mainly include cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, sheep, rabbits, chickens, ducks and geese, and a certain number of minks and quails are also raised. Fish resources are also very rich. There are 82 species of freshwater fish belonging to 8 orders 15 families and 55 genera. Among them, there are 50 kinds of carp. Among them, carp, crucian carp, south-central fish and tilapia are the four major economic fish in Jining, as well as shrimps, crabs and shellfish. The main distribution area of these fish, shrimps, crabs and shellfish is Weishan Lake. There are 20/kloc-0 species of birds in Jining city, including resident birds, Xiahou birds, winter migratory birds and travelers. There are 130 kinds of birds with tender meat, such as mallard duck and green-winged duck, and there are also "cleaner" crows that feed on decaying animal carcasses, as well as ornamental birds with graceful posture and gorgeous feathers and rare birds protected by the state, such as lark, crested lark, red-crowned crane, white crane, swan and mandarin duck. In Weishan Lake area, the number of waterfowl ranks first in the province. ?

mineral resources

Jining is rich in mineral resources, and there are more than 70 kinds of minerals with discovered and proven reserves. Mainly coal, followed by limestone, gypsum, barite, rare earth, phosphate rock, iron ore, copper, lead and so on. The city's coal-bearing area is 4826 square kilometers, accounting for 45% of the city's total area. 1500m estimated reserves1780,000 tons, mainly distributed in Yanzhou, Qufu, Zoucheng and Weishan. According to exploration and prediction, the city's coal reserves are 26 billion tons, accounting for 50% of the province's total, and it is one of the eight major coal bases in China. The main coal-bearing strata are all above 10 layer, and the recoverable thickness is about 10 meter, which not only has large reserves, but also has excellent coal quality and is easy to mine. The rare earth mine is located in Weishan, Tanghu Township, Weishan County, with more than 60 proven veins and a geological reserve of12.75 million tons, which is second only to the Bayanobo mine in Inner Mongolia in China. Iron ore is distributed in Liguanji of Wenshang County and Beishan of surabaya county, copper ore is distributed in Beisunxu and Xiaofuzhuang of surabaya county, and lead ore is distributed in Maocun of Wenshang County. These mines are small in reserves, low in grade, and some of them are deeply buried, so it is difficult to mine, which only has long-term significance.