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Drift prevention measures (complete manual)

The suitable drifting time is 4- 10 month.

In recent years, drifting has become more and more popular, almost comparable to skiing in winter. However, due to the lack of drifting experience of most tourists, the preparations before departure were not done well, and it was only when they arrived at the drifting site that they found that they lacked the east and the west, which was very passive. Good drifting preparation should at least do the following.

Bring more clothes. Drifting will inevitably "get wet", and it is very uncomfortable not to change clothes after landing. Don't wear leather shoes when drifting. Flat slippers, plastic sandals and sports shoes are all ok. The weather is bad, the water is cold, and the weather is fine. Pay attention to cold and sun protection. Clothes, shoes and hats that are too expensive are best not used for rafting.

Don't make dangerous moves on the water. Generally speaking, the drifting reach is relatively safe. As long as tourists don't get off the boat, fight with each other, and take the initiative to catch floating objects in the water and vegetation and stones on the shore, the rafting raft will not turn over. Once the boat capsizes, it doesn't matter, just hold your breath and be careful not to choke on the water, because life jackets can make the fattest fat man float, and always pay attention to the safety of tourists "guiding drift"-the water staff will arrive soon.

Only drinking water is brought on the raft. Cell phones, pagers, certificates and cash ... don't bring anything that is afraid of water into the water. In fact, except for a bottle of water (you will be thirsty after drifting for a while), it is best not to bring anything else into the water. The story of cameras and watches falling into the water has happened in every scenic spot.

Make full use of the services provided. Before entering the water, the tour guide must pay attention to the precautions; After entering the water, if you are not good at swimming, try to get close to the drifting guide. Drifting guides are familiar with waterway conditions and have good navigation skills. He can even tow your boat away when you have no strength.

One more thing parents must know: too young children should not drift or swim. The rivers in the mountains are complex and there are rapids and rapids everywhere. It is dangerous for children who are not sensible to walk around the ship.

Drifting safety manual

When the water surface is wide and the river is slow, you can paddle leisurely and look up at the surrounding scenery. However, when encountering rapids and dangerous beaches, Qi Xin needs to work together, use various skills and help each other in the same boat to cross the river, and the essence of drifting is embodied here.

Cross the dangerous beach safely.

Before you reach the dangerous beach, you can predict the general direction of the downstream; Then, tell everyone to put back their oars, put their feet together in the boat, grab the protective rope by the side of the boat with both hands, and don't stand up, so as to keep the center of gravity of the boat stable and generally pass safely.

Rush out of the vortex

When the river flow is large, eddies often appear. At this time, we should try to avoid getting involved and bypass it. If you are involved, keep calm and let the boat spin along the whirlpool. When you turn to the periphery of the whirlpool, everyone can paddle out of the predicament with all their strength.

Collision avoidance

Keeping steady and avoiding collision are the principles that must be observed in the drifting process. When it is really unavoidable, the ship should be controlled at the angle of frontal collision (side collision can easily lead to capsizing), and personnel should hold on to the rope. After the collision, the ship will be parallel to the shore. At this time, passengers on this side should pay attention to closing their feet to avoid being caught. Sometimes ships will get close together, so in order to avoid collision, both sides should cooperate with each other, paddle in opposite directions or touch the hull.

land

Where there are dense stones, the waterway becomes narrow, the water depth becomes shallow, the water flow becomes urgent, and it is easy to run aground. At this time, there is no need to panic. You can support the stone with paddles and force the ship to leave the stranded place. If this trick doesn't work, you should send someone into the water to pull or push the boat back into the current from the side, and the person pulling the boat should be quick and pay attention to safety.

Fall into the water

Don't panic if you accidentally fall into the water. The buoyancy of the life jacket is enough to make people float on the water, and the companions on board should stretch out their paddles for the drowning person to climb and catch. If the drowning person is far away from the rubber dinghy, he should try to go ashore or stay on the back of the stone (the water on the surface is strong and easy to be hit by the rubber dinghy) and wait for rescue.

overturn

Overturning often occurs in areas with fast-flowing water, often because someone falls into the water and the center of gravity of the rubber boat is unstable. Keep calm after capsizing, and straighten the hull first; Pay attention to the balance of power on both sides when you board the ship again. When someone on one side climbs into the boat, someone should hold it down on the other side. Pick up the fallen oars in time, or you will have to paddle by hand in the slow flow area.

Air chamber rupture

This is the worst case. At this time, it is necessary to adjust the position of the crew on board, and don't sit in the position where the airbag is broken; Try to keep the rubber dinghy stable and dock for rescue.

Drifting tips: preparation before drifting

Bring more clothes: Drifting will inevitably "get wet", and it is very uncomfortable to change without dry clothes after landing. Don't wear leather shoes when drifting. Flat slippers, plastic sandals and sports shoes are all ok. The weather is bad, the water is cold, and the weather is good. Pay attention to cold protection and sun protection. It is best not to use expensive clothes, shoes and hats for rafting.

Only drinking water is brought on the raft. Don't bring anything that is afraid of water, such as mobile phones, pagers, certificates and cash.

Parents should pay attention: too young children should not drift or swim. The rivers in the mountains are complex and there are rapids and rapids everywhere. It is dangerous for children who are not sensible to walk around the ship.

Drift prevention measures

★ Don't do dangerous actions when drifting: Generally speaking, the drifting reach is relatively safe. As long as you don't get off the boat at will, fight with each other, and take the initiative to catch floating objects in the water and vegetation and stones on the shore, the rafting raft will not turn over. Once the boat capsizes, it doesn't matter, just hold your breath and be careful not to suffocate, because you are wearing a life jacket;

★ When the drifting boat passes through the dangerous beach, you should obey the command of the boatman and don't move casually. It should hold the safety rope tightly, tighten its feet and lean toward the center of the hull;

★ Pay attention to the arrows and signs along the way when drifting, which can help you find the main waterway and be alert to the falling area in advance.

Wandering without despair.

An experienced oarsman always stares at the river and observes it carefully every time he turns the bend of the river or before going to a dangerous beach. This is the so-called "reading" river. On the dangerous beach, the water is fast and there are many rocks. To "read" this river is to find out the hidden traps and the best way to cross the dangerous beach. In order to understand how shoals are formed and what are the dangers to navigation, we must first understand several basic forms of water flow.

Tongue of the Rapids-When the riverbed inclines downward, white waves appear on the calm water surface, and the rapids are usually deepest and fastest in the central part of the riverbed. On the banks of rivers and shallow places, the river is blocked, and the flow speed decreases, thus forming the phenomenon of faster water flow in the middle. Moreover, the faster the central water flow, the greater the power, further washing away stones and sediment, removing resistance and obstacles, forming a V-shaped tongue, and the top of the V-shaped usually points to the river with the least obstacles and the least resistance.

Rolling waves-reefs that are completely exposed on the water are easy to find, but some reefs hidden under the water are hidden. When the water flows over the top of the reef and into the diverticulum behind the reef (water stop). The river flows in the opposite direction (upstream). This phenomenon is called rolling wave, which appears downstream of semi-hidden and semi-exposed reef. When the reef is just below the water surface, it is difficult to detect it from the upstream direction because there is no spray. Pay attention to the calmer places in the rapids, because the underwater reefs will divert the rapids, and the water cannot be parallel to the waves when it flows over the reef surface. If you look ashore, you can see from the downstream direction, and the rolling waves were very obvious at that time. Some reefs are covered by violent waves, which require continuous and attentive observation to see. If it is a large reef with a large hidden depth, there will be a large rolling wave downstream, which is usually called a "hole". This kind of "hole" is often so powerful that it can easily overturn the ship. Some "holes" are like toilets. Once caught in it by mistake, they seem to be attracted by gravity, rotating like gyroscopes and trapped in it for a long time. So we should spare no effort to avoid it.

Vertical waves-rivers flow faster in steep riverbeds and slower in gentle riverbeds. When fast water meets slow water, the water cannot be discharged in time, and the waves will be superimposed to form high vertical waves. The magnitude of vertical wave is related to water quantity and drop. Ordinary vertical waves will not be a problem. If the vertical wave is high but the slope is gentle, the best way is to aim the bow at the top of the wave and ride it directly. This kind of wave is magnificent, and it is very enjoyable to walk through the stormy waves. If the vertical wave looks steep, it is likely to capsize. You should choose to cross the edge of the wave. Because the edge portion tends to have a slower angle and a lower height. But first, we must confirm whether it is vertical waves or underwater reefs. Underwater reefs rushing through rapids can also cause big waves. However, the waves aroused by rocks are scattered and uneven, while the vertical waves are very regular.

Turn-usually, the deepest and fastest place for water flow is on the outer road of the turn. The trend of the river is to push the boat to the outside of the turn, where there are many reefs and other dangerous situations. When turning, it is generally required to adjust the boat at a 45-degree angle and keep it in the position of the back lane. Once needed, you can use the power of the river to easily row to the outside road. But it is difficult to row from the outer road to the inner road, because all the resistance of the river has to be overcome.

Backwater-the protruding part behind the reef or on both banks, where the river flows in the opposite direction to the mainstream and upstream, is called backwater. The diversion in the river bend is also called backwater, although the water here does not flow upstream, there is a backwater line at the intersection of the main stream and backwater, which is also called backwater grid. This time, the water fence is so overbearing that inexperienced novices can't see it. Without the help of two ocean currents, they may be trapped for hours and unable to row, so they may wander around in backwater. In addition, we should pay special attention to the fact that there are two streams in different directions fighting on the backwater line. When it meets the strong backwater line, the boat will turn over accidentally. Backwater is very useful for navigation, which can be used to stop ships, detect rapids, set up rescue points, and wait for backward companions. But those swirling vortex backwaters should be avoided.

"Reading" the river is not a science, and there is no exact theorem formula. We should regard "reading" the river as an art. There is no obvious sign on the dangerous beach full of reefs and traps composed of huge waves, eddies and holes. Rowers can only draw an imaginary channel in the rapids by experience and try to cross the dangerous zone along this channel. In addition, the rapids are different when viewed from the horizontal plane and from the shore. Therefore, experienced paddlers have established backup plans when they "read" the river, so that they will not be in a hurry when they cannot enter the original route.

"Reading" is like reading, regardless of the literal meaning, the real meaning should be read between the lines. The meaning of "reading" the river is not in the river, but outside it.

Drift equipment

Drifting is an adventure, but it is definitely not life. Necessary drifting equipment is the premise for you to engage in this outdoor leisure activity, especially on fierce rivers. There are many ways and uses of drifting. Here are only some single rafting equipment.

Waterproof coat: drifters can't wear sportswear if they are wet and cold. With a good waterproof coat, you can avoid the intrusion of cold water splashed by the river. This coat uses coarse fiber and strong latex canvas to keep out the cold.

Drifting gloves: gloves are usually very popular with drifters except in hot weather. A good pair of gloves can keep your hands warm, prevent blisters, and make paddling more powerful.

Backpack: You should buy it, which is very suitable for rafting exploration with or without paddles. It can not only keep the items in the bag dry, but also facilitate short-distance land packing or carrying on the body.

Water sports helmet: For whitewater exploration, a high-quality helmet is very necessary to ensure personal safety.

Closing bag: for short trips, this bag can hold a large number of items without taking up too much space, and it can prevent the items in the bag from getting wet by water.

Drifting boots: 3 mm thick neoprene boot pad can keep your feet warm even in frozen water, and the wear-resistant sole can protect your feet on rocky ground.

Dagul: This particularly fun and exciting game boat is designed for beginners who are good at rafting, like difficult rafting or professional beginners, and is suitable for spinning, surfing and somersaulting.

Life jacket: The function of life jacket is the same, but the important index of comfort is different. Because the shoulders, waist and sides are adjustable and the underarm opening is loose, Saab life jacket is comfortable to wear.

Aire Eskimo inflatable rowing boat: Aire is a world-famous inflatable raft rafting master. Al company has improved the traditional drifting raft, and the structure gradually narrowing from stern to bow is helpful to overcome air resistance, speed up the ship and enhance the sense of breaking waves. This raft is light and easy to carry.

Werner Cross Paddle: This detachable paddle is easy to store, which can provide enough power in thrilling rapids or leisurely lakes, and the price is favorable, and it is also suitable for beginners.

NSR Eskimo inflatable rowing boat: This cute little guy less than 3 meters long is called duck, which is most suitable for beginners. It has excellent stability in water and reacts quickly in holes and waves.

Operation skills of single paddle boat

Rowers go down the river calmly and straight, which will make people feel extremely happy. However, in the rapids, he was faced with the rapid current. He had to see the obstacles he was about to encounter and try his best to stop the current, which slowed down the ship and gave him time to move it from one side to the other. The basic points are:

1, lean forward and keep your arms straight.

2. Put the paddle into the water.

3. Pull back the oars on both sides and use all your strength. Every stroke should be a continuous action, and the force acts evenly on each paddle. A basic skill is to face up to difficulties and pull hard.

Because this kind of pulling is the most powerful, many operations use this method to slow down or retreat the ship. Change the angle of the boat and take turns using single oar or double oars. This technology is used to make the ship go straight in big waves, set the angle of the ship towards the ferry or steer the ship. Single paddle rotation means that when one paddle paddles, the other paddle is on the water. It takes a little skill to turn two oars. When you need one paddle to push, pull the other paddle at the same time. Twin-paddle boat will rotate faster and can rotate around the center. Single paddle will make the boat retreat. In order to avoid direct obstacles, ferries are often used to cross the current from the side. The basic skills are as follows:

Determine the direction of water flow (not necessarily parallel to the river bank)

Let the boat turn left and right to form an angle with the current (that is, set the ferry angle)

Paddle smoothly and keep paddling. When the force of the current beside the boat (caused by the ferry angle) pushes the boat to cross the current from the side, the violent knocking will slow down the speed of the boat. In this way, even the smallest current movement can reach the ferry: in order to reach the ferry, turn the rudder to the angle you want to reach, change the position of the boat in the river, and the most important thing is to keep the boat at a certain angle with the running water, and then start rowing backwards instead of rowing to the river bank. For example, where the current turns later than the river bank, the ship should make an angle of 45 degrees with the current, not 90 degrees with the river bank. When the boat is in the ferry position (for example, it is not facing the countercurrent), use the rotating shaft to straighten the boat, slide over obstacles or cross narrow passages. Turn the boat around with two oars. It is similar when rotating with the rear shaft, but let the boat cross the obstacle and let the bow point directly at the countercurrent. This method is used to keep the ship at an obtuse angle (greater than 45 degrees) or avoid obstacles when there is no room to turn the bow (a standard rotating shaft). After use, the rotating shaft rotates.

Operation skills of pulp discharge ship

Different from a person's paddle operation, paddle-row propulsion is through the joint efforts of the captain and crew. Most of the operations are downstream, and the ship advances at a faster speed than the current. The crew sat on one side of the ship and distributed their strength evenly on both sides. The captain sat in the bow with an oar in his hand as the rudder. The crew of this kind of ship cooperates closely, because the forward trend of the ship often forms a tight road in obstacles. Therefore, the captain must foresee the water ahead and inform the crew to follow up quickly instead of going upstream. The command is as follows:

Forward (F)- Paddle forward

Back-paddle back

Turn left (L)- The left paddle is backward and the right paddle is forward.

Turn right (R)- The right paddle is backward and the left paddle is forward.

Stop paddling

Go straight ahead (K)-Push forward and make some adjustments if necessary to keep the bow facing the waves. With these commands, you can operate the boat like a rower. On calm water, the bow points in the ideal direction and all the oars move forward. The front and rear shafts are easy to rotate. Straight lines are used in a series of parallel waters: each crew member paddles forward, looks at the water surface and makes some adjustments when necessary. Stop is used between other commands and when it is still. In the waters with many obstacles and dangerous navigation channels, there is no time to accurately point to the navigation channel and let the paddles go forward, because the speed of the boat going downstream is too fast.

In fact, the following (1) counter-current ferry and (2) downstream ferry can be used, because this method can reduce the speed of the ship and let the ship cross the current to reach the edge. Driving against the current requires more power. In this way, it is necessary to lift the paddle, so that the boat and the current form a certain angle, and the paddle and the countercurrent form a certain angle, pointing to the side you want to reach; The downstream ferry requires less force, but it can make the rower see the front clearly and make the bow turn easily at the last moment. Is to make the rear paddle move, make the bow at an angle to the countercurrent, and point to the side you want. The operation of the paddle boat gives us an exciting (usually wet) way to experience the river. Every experienced crew member can quickly carry out orders and let the ship cross complex obstacles and currents, which makes the crew particularly close to the river and the crew themselves. Zhangjiajie Lv You Club Xiangzi (Chen Fangxiang)

Emergency response procedure

Here are some special techniques for self-help and life-saving on the river. If all members are familiar with these procedures and can operate calmly and quickly, these emergencies will not become serious.

A. Swimming across the rapids is considered dangerous, but it is really interesting. You should calmly face the rapids and avoid the rocks in front with your feet. Lean back gently and let the paddle turn by itself. Take a deep breath in the big waves and then hold your breath to face the foaming waves until the torrent enters the shore vortex or returns to the boat. The most terrible thing is being squeezed between the boat and the rock. So stay away from the ship, especially on the downstream side.

A vertical paddle sign tells other ships that there is a man on board. Cold water can exhaust the swimmer's physical strength in less than ten minutes, so be careful. People who swim long distances should receive first aid for hypothermia and shock.

B. Collision with Rock If it is found that it is impossible to avoid the rock (this situation does exist), you can turn the bow before the collision or let the bow hit the rock. Turning the bow will gently turn the boat and bypass the reef; Letting the bow hit the rock will stop the ship immediately, but it will let you adjust your course through some rotation. If there are rocks on the ship's side, it is best for the crew to jump to the nearest ship's side immediately before encountering the rocks. This weight will make the downstream ships bypass the rocks, and the countercurrent will make the water flow higher. Otherwise, the water will rise to resist the countercurrent, suck it down and cover it evenly on the boat next to the rock. Unpacked