Common sense of thunderstorms and rainy days

1. What are the lightning protection points in thunderstorm days?

Affected by global climate change, the number of lightning disasters in China has increased year by year in recent ten years. In real life, superstitious legends such as "people don't do good, it thunders" have been circulating. In fact, lightning is a natural phenomenon. Just because most people have a weak awareness of lightning protection and know little about human lightning protection knowledge, lightning strikes all over the country every year, causing casualties. Only by vigorously promoting lightning protection knowledge can casualties caused by lightning strike be prevented.

Indoor lightning protection: cut off the power supply of various household appliances indoors; Pay attention to close the doors and windows, and don't go near the doors and windows leading to the outside; Do not get close to metal pipes such as water pipes, heating pipes and gas pipes; Don't take a bath in the bathroom and don't use solar water heaters; Try not to make or answer fixed telephone calls; Do not handle flammable items in open containers; Don't hang or collect clothes on iron pipes or wires on the balcony.

Outdoor lightning protection: try to avoid outdoor activities. At the same time, don't ride motorcycles, bicycles or run in the wild; When walking in the open field, don't use an umbrella with a metal handle or shoulder metal objects, find a low-lying place and squat down with your feet together to reduce the height as much as possible; Don't touch the rocks on the cave wall when you enter the cave to take shelter from the rain; Don't stay at the top of the building; Don't shelter from the rain beside trees, billboards, chimneys and lampposts; Don't use mobile phones and walkie-talkies outdoors, and don't swim, row boats or fish. When a high-voltage line near your body is struck by lightning, jump off the scene with your feet together.

It is safe to stay in the car in thunderstorm weather, but don't stick your head or other parts of your body out of the window. If you feel your hair stand on end, or your skin is obviously shaking, you should know that you may get an electric shock. After the lightning, you should lie on the ground and call for help immediately. When someone is struck by lightning, artificial respiration and cardiopulmonary bypass should be performed immediately, and they should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible to continue the rescue. How to protect yourself in lightning weather? How can we avoid or reduce lightning casualties and protect people's lives? According to experts, lightning strikes cause casualties, mainly in the wild, near buildings and indoors.

So, how to prevent lightning damage?

1, near buildings and indoors, the following four points should be noted:

First of all, you can't stay on the roof.

1996 On August 8th, 2006, at 4am, Sun Mou, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province 16-year-old son was watching TV at home. Because the TV receiving antenna was faulty, he ran to the top of the building to play with the antenna. There was a thunder, and he died unfortunately. This is because most lightning strikes occur at the top of buildings.

Second, we should pay attention to closing the doors and windows.

For buildings with reinforced concrete frame structure, closing doors and windows can prevent the invasion of side lightning and ball lightning. Most ball mines enter the room along the chimneys, windows and doors of buildings, and escape after a few seconds of indoor activities, which is easy to cause explosions. 65438+1At 6 o'clock in the morning of May 29, 1995, a family of four surnamed Zhang in Shihuiyao Village, Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province was asleep. A cloud of lightning entered the room along the window, and then exploded, causing the house to catch fire. A four-year-old girl, a nine-year-old boy and his wife were killed by lightning.

The third is metal objects, such as water pipes, heating pipes and gas pipes. When lightning strikes, it should not be close to buildings, and should be far away from the down lead of special lightning rod.

1on the afternoon of June 5, 993, the office of a police station in Beijing was struck by lightning, and the vice captain who was on the phone was knocked down, and everyone who touched metal objects indoors was shocked.

Fourth, electrical equipment without lightning protection facilities should not be used.

1986 It is reported that five people were killed by lightning under indoor lighting and switches in Hunan. 1On the evening of August 9, 994, four women in a village in Xinmin County, Liaoning Province sat around the kang and watched TV. Lightning comes in from the outdoor antenna, causing machine damage and personal injury. This is because lightning rods can only protect buildings, but they can't do anything about lightning waves invading along overhead power lines and telephone lines.

The answer comes from the extreme outdoor network official website.

2. What should I pay attention to in thunderstorm weather?

Lightning protection instructions ① When it thunders and rains, it is forbidden to stay at the top of the mountain or in hilly areas, and it is also forbidden to continue to push up and watch the rain scene. You shouldn't hide under a big tree or near a telephone pole, and you shouldn't walk or stand in the open space. You should hide in a low-lying place as soon as possible, or try to find a room floor or a dry cave to escape.

② In thunderstorm weather, do not use umbrellas with metal handles, and take off glasses, watches and belts with metal frames. If you travel by bike, you should leave the bike as soon as possible and stay away from other metal objects to avoid being struck by lightning. ③ Don't go swimming, boating or fishing in rivers and lakes in thunderstorm weather.

(4) In lightning and stormy weather, if tourists rest in the hotel, they should immediately turn off the indoor TV, tape recorder, stereo, air conditioner and other electrical appliances to avoid using electricity. It's safer in the middle of the room when it thunders. Don't stay under the electric light, and don't lean against posts, walls, doors and windows, so as to avoid accidents caused by induced electricity when it thunders.

When lightning strikes, the traveling companion should take the patient to the hospital immediately. If breathing and heartbeat have stopped at that time, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and chest external heart should be done immediately, and on-site rescue should be actively carried out.

Don't rush to the hospital without rescue, otherwise it will delay the onset and lead to death. Sometimes, on the way to the hospital, artificial respiration and external heart should be continued.

In addition, we should pay attention to keep patients warm. If you have mania, convulsions, convulsions and other mental symptoms, you should also do a cold compress on your head.

For the part of electric burn, in the case of first aid, it is only necessary to keep it dry or bandage it. During a thunderstorm, even if a lightning rod is installed, it is necessary to quickly unplug the indoor TV, refrigerator and antenna power supply to prevent unnecessary losses caused by space electromagnetic interference.

In addition, judging from the formation and occurrence process of lightning, lightning accidents mostly occur in open fields, the tops of buildings, tall trees, rivers, lakes, ponds and wet areas. Experts reminded Wang Hongmin, a member of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Building Electrical Devices, that outdoors, we should consider the lightning activity area and see the lightning activity distance. Generally, we can judge the distance by listening to thunder, and don't hide under lightning rods and trees.

Don't open an umbrella in an open place, because the umbrella has a needle tip and the electric field intensity should be concentrated. Don't use your mobile phone in an open place.

Squat down and put your feet together. Experts finally stressed that in case of thunderstorm, citizens had better hide in buildings with metal doors and windows or lightning rods.

The car with metal body is also the best "lightning protection place". Once these buildings or cars are struck by lightning, their metal frames or lightning protection devices or the metal itself will lead lightning current into the ground. Don't run under the tree.

3. What are the common sense of thunderstorm weather safety?

1, it is essential to close the doors and windows during a thunderstorm. At the same time, it is necessary to unplug all the power in the house in time, and it is best not to play with mobile phones and computers. Of course, never watch TV, or you will get hurt if the TV breaks down.

2. Even if the power supply is unplugged, the concentrated wires are still charged. It's best not to get too close to the wires, and try to stand under the light bulb. Because if the thunder is particularly serious, the light bulb may break, and standing under the light bulb is particularly dangerous.

3, can't take a shower, because the hot water appliance is charged. At this time, bathing may conduct electricity, which is likely to threaten life safety. It is best to unplug the water heater, and it is best not to turn on the water heater in thunderstorm weather.

4. Keep away from windows, walls, etc. And it is best not to stand barefoot on the ground. One thing to note here is that it is best not to use iron wire as a clothesline to connect the windows, which is easy to introduce lightning.

In case there is a thunderstorm outside, never hide under the big tree. This is the minimum awareness of lightning protection. In addition, you can't stay in high-rise platforms, separate huts, sentry boxes, etc. However, if there is really no place to hide, just squat down with your legs together three meters away from the tree.

Extended data:

The average current of lightning is 30,000 amps, and the maximum current can reach 300,000 amps. The voltage of lightning is very high, about 1 billion to 1 billion volts. The power of medium-intensity thunderstorm can reach10 million watts, which is equivalent to the output power of a small nuclear power plant.

In the process of discharge, due to the sudden increase of temperature in the lightning channel, the air volume expands rapidly, resulting in shock waves and strong lightning. When the charged Lei Yun is close to the protrusions on the ground, a violent discharge will occur between them. There will be strong flash and explosion roar at the scene of lightning discharge. This is the lightning and thunder that people see and hear.

Sogou encyclopedia-lightning

4. Popular science knowledge: How do individuals protect against lightning in thunderstorm days?

1. Don't stay on the high-rise platform in thunderstorm weather, and don't enter isolated shacks, sentry boxes, etc. In the open air.

2. Stay away from the exposed water pipes, gas pipes and other metal objects and power equipment in the building.

3. It is not advisable to hide under the big tree during a thunderstorm. If necessary, you must keep a distance of 3 meters from your torso, squat down and put your legs together.

4. If the head, neck and hands feel ants crawling when thunder and lightning strike, and the hair stands up, it means that lightning is coming. Get down on the ground quickly to reduce the risk of being hit by lightning, and take away the metal ornaments, hair clips and necklaces you wear.

If it is too late to leave a tall object in the outdoor thunderstorm, you should immediately find some dry insulation and sit on it with your feet crossed. Never put your feet on the ground outside insulation, because water can conduct electricity.

6. When avoiding thunderstorm outdoors, be careful not to hold the ground with your hands. At the same time, put your hands on your knees, keep your chest close to your knees, and try to keep your head down, because your head is more vulnerable to lightning than other parts of your body.

7. When you see lightning outdoors and hear thunder within a few seconds, it means that you are in a dangerous environment near a thunderstorm. At this time, you should stop walking, put your feet together and squat down immediately. Don't get involved with people. It is best to use plastic rain gear and raincoat.

Wait a minute.

8. In thunderstorm weather, it is not advisable to open an umbrella or hold high badminton rackets, golf clubs and hoes in the wild. Not suitable for outdoor ball games. It is very dangerous to play golf and football in thunderstorm weather. It is not advisable to stay on the water surface or water edge; It is not advisable to wash clothes, fish, swim or play by the river.

9. In thunderstorm weather, it is not advisable to drive a motorcycle, ride a bicycle or run fast in the rain, because the greater the stride of the body, the greater the voltage, and the easier it is to hurt people.

10. If you see a high-voltage line that is broken by lightning outdoors, you should be vigilant at this time, because there is a step voltage near the breakpoint of the high-voltage line. People nearby must not run at this time, but should jump off the scene with their feet together.

5. Introduce lightning protection knowledge in thunderstorm days.

At present, it is a season of frequent lightning, and sometimes lightning is encountered in outdoor activities in summer. At present, there is no most reliable way to completely avoid being hurt by lightning.

However, if you are surrounded by clouds that are about to thunder on the mountain, there are several ways to minimize the possibility of being injured by lightning: First, avoid entering wet or watery places. Never go near open spaces or solitary trees on the top of mountains, which are the most vulnerable to lightning strikes; Don't stay in open waters and boats; At the edge of tall trees and forests, around wires and flagpoles, near tall objects without lightning protection devices, such as haystacks and tents, near huge metal objects such as railway tracks and long metal railings, at the top of mountains and commanding heights, etc., you can't stay.

If you are in the wild, you should look for shelter immediately. Generally speaking, places that can avoid being injured by lightning are platforms or dense forests low from the ridge, and it is better to be under big rocks.

However, it is dangerous to wait until the ground is wet before moving. We must quickly find shelter before it rains.

If you want to hide next to big trees or rocks, avoid hiding directly below and leave these hidden objects a little. According to the research, the effect is most remarkable when the height of these trees and rocks is below1/5 ~110.

One thing to pay attention to is to take down all the metal things you carry with you and put them in your backpack, especially the glasses with metal frames. Do not approach any part of lightning protection equipment; Try not to use radios and televisions with external antennas, and don't answer mobile phones.

6. Thunderstorms are not terrible. Pay attention to some tips.

Thunderstorms are not terrible. Pay attention to some driving skills

Keep a distance from the left and right vehicles.

First of all, slow down, refer to the car in front and try to lengthen the safe distance. At the same time, it is necessary to keep a distance from the left and right vehicles to prevent vehicles from colliding when avoiding obstacles in low visibility. In addition, avoid emergency braking and rear-end collision accidents. Too much water on the road surface and low tire adhesion are easy to get out of control or roll over.

Be careful to shake your eyes and create an illusion.

When driving, try to look at the fixed target in the distance, hold the steering wheel with both hands and drive straight ahead. Never look at the water or spray splashed by vehicles on both sides, so as not to confuse the line of sight and cause the vehicles to deviate from the normal route and cause accidents. At the same time, be careful not to be distracted by dazzling lightning. In addition, when the left and right vehicles overtake, the splashing water hits the front windshield. Hold the steering wheel tightly with both hands, speed up the wiping speed of the wiper, and keep a cool head. You can't suddenly brake or slam the direction.

Don't dodge around when you see stagnant water.

Flash when you see water, or brake immediately to slow down, which is a common problem of ordinary people. In fact, both methods are very dangerous. The disadvantage of flashing left and avoiding right is that the driver behind doesn't know how to react and is prone to accidents. In fact, if the water depth is around 15 cm, it will not have any impact on the car at all, and you can drive at normal speed without worrying about water entry or anchoring. It should be noted that the braking system may be temporarily weakened when the car passes through the water, and the distance should be lengthened when braking.

Correct operation when the vehicle skids.

Driving in thunderstorm weather is more likely to encounter road skidding. Water on the road suddenly increases the unilateral resistance of high-speed vehicles. In severe cases, vehicles turn around or get out of control. Slow down, hold the steering wheel and pay attention to water on the road. If you really encounter a car skidding, you don't need to be too flustered. You must keep calm. If the front wheel slips, the steering wheel should be corrected in the opposite direction of slipping; If the rear wheel slips, correct the steering wheel according to the slipping direction.

It is best to change the wiper strip once a year.

It is very difficult to drive in rainy days if the water sweeping ability of the wiper is seriously reduced. To restore its ability, the key is to replace the rubber strip on the wiper blade. After a long time of use, most of the rubber strips are aging and cannot be closely attached to the glass, so it is impossible to clean the raindrops on the glass. Especially when there is dirt, the performance of the wiper will be further reduced because the dirt is sandwiched between the adhesive tape and the glass. Generally speaking, rubber strip should be replaced once a year.

7. Lightning tips

Lightning 1. What is natural lightning? Lightning is a spectacular and somewhat frightening discharge phenomenon accompanied by lightning and thunder.

Lightning is usually produced in cumulonimbus clouds with strong convection, so it is often accompanied by strong gusts and heavy rains, and sometimes accompanied by hail and tornadoes. The top of cumulonimbus clouds is generally very high, up to 20 kilometers, and there are often ice crystals on the top of the clouds.

The attachment of ice crystals, the breaking of water droplets and air convection make clouds generate charges. The distribution of charge in the cloud is complicated, but generally speaking, the upper part of the cloud is dominated by positive charges and the lower part is dominated by negative charges.

Therefore, a potential difference is formed between the upper and lower parts of the cloud. When the potential difference reaches a certain level, discharge will occur, which is our common lightning phenomenon.

The average current of lightning is 30,000 amps, and the maximum current can reach 300,000 amps. The voltage of lightning is very high, about 1 billion to 1 billion volts.

The power of medium-intensity thunderstorm can reach10 million watts, which is equivalent to the output power of a small nuclear power plant. In the process of discharge, due to the sudden increase of temperature during flashover, the air volume expands rapidly, resulting in shock waves and strong lightning.

When the charged Lei Yun is close to the protrusions on the ground, a violent discharge will occur between them. There will be strong flash and explosion roar at the scene of lightning discharge.

This is the lightning and thunder that people see and hear. What is lightning? Storm clouds usually produce charges, with negative charges at the bottom and positive charges at the top. They also produce positive charges on the ground, which move around with the clouds.

Positive and negative charges attract each other, but air is not a good conductor. Positive electricity rushes to treetops, hilltops, tall buildings and even above the human body, trying to meet negative clouds; Dendritic tentacles with negative charges extend downward and get closer to the ground.

Finally, the positive and negative charges finally overcome the air barrier and connect. A huge current rushed from the ground to the clouds along the conductive path, producing a bright flash.

The length of lightning may be only a few hundred kilometers, but it may also be several kilometers long. The temperature of lightning varies from 17000 degrees Celsius to 28000 degrees Celsius, which is 3~5 times the surface temperature of the sun.

The extreme heat of lightning caused the air along the way to expand violently. Air moves very fast, so waves are formed and sounds are made.

When lightning approaches, you hear a sharp crack; If it's far away, you hear rumbling. You can start the stopwatch after you see the lightning, press the stopwatch to stop when you hear the thunder, and then divide the number of seconds by 3 to get a rough idea of how many kilometers the lightning is from you.

Types of lightning ordinary lightning with twists and turns is called dendritic lightning. If the passage of dendritic lightning is blown to both sides by the wind, so that it seems that there are several parallel lightning, it is called strip lightning.

If two lightning branches seem to reach the ground at the same time, they are called bifurcated lightning. When lightning flashes between the negative and positive charges in the cloud, making the sky in the whole area bright, it is called sheet lightning.

Lightning that does not reach the ground, that is, lightning within the same cloud or between two clouds, is called cloud-to-cloud lightning. Sometimes this lightning will travel a long distance and land on the ground many kilometers away from the storm. This is called a "bolt from the blue".

The electric action of lightning sometimes forms a halo-like red light around tall and sharp objects. Usually in stormy seas, red light can be seen around the mast of a ship, so people borrow the name of the patron saint of sailors and call this lightning "the fire of St. elmo".

Super lightning refers to those rare lightning whose power exceeds ordinary lightning 100 times. The electricity generated by ordinary lightning is about 1 megawatt, while the electricity generated by super lightning is at least 1 megawatt, and may even reach trillions to 1 megawatt.

Clock Island in Newfoundland was obviously struck by a super lightning at 1978. Even the houses at 13 km away rattled, and the windows and doors of the whole village were sprayed with blue flames. When you read this article, there are about 1800 lightning strikes in the world.

They emit about 600 lightning flashes per second, of which 100 hits the earth. Lightning can transform some nitrogen in the air into nitrogen compounds, which can be washed to the ground by rain.

In a year, every hectare of land on the earth can get a few kilograms of this free fertilizer from the sky. Kampala, the capital of Uganda, and Java, Indonesia are the most vulnerable places to lightning strikes.

According to statistics, there are 300 days of lightning in Java a year. The most violent lightning in history was that 1975 hit a small house near Umtali in rural Zimbabwe, when 2 1 person died.

More than two thirds of lightning victims were attacked outdoors. Two thirds of the people survived.

Among the people killed by lightning, 85% are men, and most of them are between 10 and 35 years old. Most of the dead hid from lightning and rain under trees.

Sullivan may be the champion who was struck by lightning. He is a retired forest manager who was struck by lightning seven times.

Lightning once scorched his eyebrows, his hair, his shoulders, ripped off his shoes and even threw him out of the car. He said simply, "Lightning will always find me."

The harm of lightning to human body includes the direct action of current, overpressure or electric power and high temperature. When a person is struck by lightning, the current will pass through the human body quickly. In severe cases, it will lead to heartbeat, respiratory arrest and brain tissue hypoxia and death.

In addition, when lightning strikes, sparks will be generated, which will also cause different degrees of skin burns. Lightning injury can also cause dendritic lightning stripes, epidermal peeling, intradermal bleeding, eardrum or visceral rupture.

Precautions for lightning protection: Lightning current generated during lightning stroke is the main source of harm, and its harm includes direct lightning, induced lightning and intrusive lightning guided by overhead lines. For example, overhead lines used in various lighting, telecommunications and other facilities may introduce lightning into the room, so strict preventive measures should be taken.

First, lightning prone parts 1. High-rise buildings, storage tanks, etc. lacking lightning protection devices or unqualified lightning protection devices. ; 2. The metal roof is not well grounded; 3. Buildings and trees in wet or open areas; 4. Due to the conductivity of flue gas, chimneys are particularly vulnerable to lightning strikes; There is a radio in the building, but there is no lightning arrester and no good grounding. Second, lightning protection method 1.

8. What can't you do in thunderstorm weather?

1. When there is a thunderstorm and lightning, don't call and answer the phone, but unplug the telephone line. The mobile phone can be used normally, but generally try not to answer the phone outdoors or indoors near the window.

2. Don't turn on the TV, computer, VCD player, etc. Unplug all power plugs during thunderstorms and lightning to avoid personal injury and electrical damage.

3, don't stand under the light bulb, don't take a shower.

4. Try not to go out. If you have to go out, you'd better wear rubber shoes and a raincoat, which can keep out lightning.

5. Try not to open the door or open the window to prevent lightning from hitting the room directly.

6. Don't stick your head and hands out of the window when you encounter lightning in the car.

7. Stay away from trees during a thunderstorm. Try not to run in big strides. You can choose buildings to shelter from the rain. You can also take shelter from the rain in the car, because the car belongs to the metal shell, so people will not be hurt by inductive lightning, nor will they be directly hit by lightning.

8. Don't connect the wires for drying clothes and bedding to the doors and windows.

9. Don't wear wet clothes, hats, shoes, etc. Walking in a thunderstorm. For sudden lightning, the height should be lowered immediately, and the feet should be close together to reduce the harm caused by the step voltage.

10, when lightning strikes, don't get close to all power facilities, such as high-voltage line transformers.

1 1, immediately stop outdoor swimming, boating, fishing and other water activities.

12. If many people gather outdoors, don't crowd each other to prevent power from being transmitted to each other after being struck by lightning.

Extended data:

First, the distribution characteristics of thunderstorm days

Judging from the time of day, thunderstorms mostly occur in the afternoon and evening.

There are more opportunities on land when the thermal convection is strong in summer afternoon, forming a "thermal thunderstorm". At sea, thunderstorms often occur at night because of the slow cooling of the sea surface and unstable air at night.

Thunderstorms near the front can occur simultaneously. In mountainous areas, topographic precipitation can occur. Thunderstorms are usually paroxysmal, and there are often strong winds. Sometimes accompanied by tornadoes and hail. Persistent and intense thunderstorms can often reach the level of heavy rain.

The most active areas of thunderstorms in the world are the tropics and mountains. There are 75- 100 thunderstorm days in the tropics, 20-50 thunderstorm days in the middle latitudes, only a few thunderstorm days in the polar regions, and there are no thunderstorms all the year round north of 82 degrees north latitude.

Bogor, Indonesia has the most thunderstorms in the world, with an average of 322 thunderstorm days every year, so it is called "Thunderstorm Capital of the World". The area with the most thunderstorms in China is Nanling Mountains, with an average of 50 thunderstorm days per year. Hainan Island, a big city, has an average of 130 thunderstorm days, so it is called the "Thunder Capital" of China.

Thunderstorm days are more than 20 days in Jiangnan, around 10 in North China, between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, and below 10 in Northeast and Northwest China.

Thunderstorms occur most frequently in summer in China, in the south of the Yangtze River in spring and autumn, and least in winter. After 10, the thunderstorm in the north of the Yangtze River basically disappeared.

Second, the emergency points

1. To prevent residents' houses from being waterlogged in a small area, water baffles, sandbags or mounds can be placed at home according to local conditions, and people in dangerous houses or low-lying houses can be moved to safety in time.

2. Turn off the gas valve and the main power switch.

3. When the outdoor water overflows into the room, cut off the power immediately to prevent the water from being charged and hurting people.

4, immediately stop the field farming activities and outdoor activities.

5. When walking in outdoor stagnant water, pay attention to observation and walk near buildings to prevent falling into inspection wells and pits.

6. Pay attention to the rainstorm at night to prevent the old house from collapsing and hurting people.

7. Don't ride a bike when it rains heavily. Pay attention to observation when walking in stagnant water. Prevent falling into manholes or pits or holes.

8. When the driver encounters too deep water on the road or under the overpass, he should try to bypass it to avoid forced passage.

9. Turn off the fire in a low-lying place on rainy days. Never wait in the car. Get off at a height and wait for rescue.