What is the name of storm surge?

Storm surge or storm surge is an abnormal rise and fall of sea surface caused by strong weather systems such as tropical cyclone, temperate cyclone, cold front strong wind and sudden change of air pressure. Also known as storm surge, storm tsunami, meteorological tsunami or tidal wave. In China's historical documents, it is often called "sea overflow", "transgression", "tsunami" and "tidal wave", and storm surge disaster is called "tidal disaster".

The spatial range of storm surge is generally from tens of kilometers to thousands of kilometers, and the time scale or period is 1- 100 hour, which is between the earthquake tsunami and the low-frequency astronomical tide wave. However, sometimes the affected area of storm surge will move with the movement of atmospheric disturbance factors, so sometimes a storm surge process can affect the coastal area of Qian Qian for one or two meters for several days.

Storm surge is a serious natural disaster along the ocean coast. This kind of disaster is mainly due to the strong wind and high tide water level, which makes local areas increase water violently and causes major disasters. Storm surge will make the tide level in the affected sea area greatly exceed the normal tide level. If the storm surge coincides with the high tide level that affects the astronomical tide level in this sea area, the water level will skyrocket and the seawater will flood inland. The height of storm surge is proportional to the pressure difference between typhoon or low pressure center and periphery. Every time the central air pressure decreases by 1 hectopascal, the sea level will rise by 1 cm.

Whether the storm surge can cause disasters depends largely on whether its maximum storm tide level overlaps with the high tide level in the astronomical tide, especially with the high tide level in the astronomical tide period. Of course, it also depends on the geographical location, coastal morphology, coastal and seabed topography of the affected areas, especially the socio-economic (disaster-bearing body) situation in the coastal areas. If the maximum storm tide level coincides with the astronomical high tide level, it will lead to catastrophic tidal disasters. Of course, if the storm surge level is very high, it will also cause serious tidal disasters, although there is no astronomical tide or high tide.