Who are the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest?

The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest refers to seven famous people in the Three Kingdoms period, namely Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Embroidery, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian and Wang Rong.

They often gather under the bamboo forest in Yang Shan (now Xiuwu, Henan) and enjoy themselves freely, so they are called the seven sages of bamboo forest in the world. Most of them advocate the knowledge of Zhuang zi and Zhuang zi, and they are informal and open-minded. Politically, Ruan Ji, Liu Ling and Ji Kang did not cooperate with Sima Group, and Ji Kang was killed. On the contrary, Wang Rong and Dan Tao successively took refuge in the Sima family, served as senior officials and became confidants of the regime. Ji Kang and Ruan Ji are representatives in article creation. For example, Ji Kang's "Breaking Up with the Mountain Gathering Source", based on Lao Zi and Zhuangzi's devotion to nature, explained that he could not be an official, and publicly showed his political attitude of not cooperating with Sima Jia. This article is very famous; Another example is Ruan Ji's Eighty-two Poems of "Yong Huai", which implicitly exposes the evil deeds of the supreme ruling group and satirizes the hypocritical ethical code people by means of comparison and sustenance. Therefore, through the article creation of the seven sages, we can get a glimpse of their respective aspirations and interests.

Ji kang

Ji Kang (223-262) was a famous writer, thinker and musician in the Three Kingdoms Wei period. Word uncle night. Qiao Guozhi (now southwest of Su County, Anhui Province) was born. Ji Kang is the son-in-law of the Wei imperial clan. He used to be a doctor of Zhongsan, and he was known as Jizhongsan in the world. Advocating Laozi and Zhuangzi, stressing the way of keeping in good health and eating, and writing On Keeping in Good Health. Like Ruan Ji, he is one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Wei Chunqiu: "(Ji Kang) swam in the bamboo forest with Ruan Ji, Hanoi, Henan Xiangxiu, Zixian, Langxie and Peiren Liu Lingxiang, and was called the Seven Sages." His friend Dan Tao (Ju Yuan) later took refuge in Sima's position as a senior official and suggested that he go out to be an official. He then wrote a letter "Breaking up with Shan Juyuan" and refused. He was framed by Zhong Hui and killed because he was "not thin" and dissatisfied with Sima Group, which was in power at that time.

Ji Kang believed in Laozi and Zhuangzi in political thought, rejected the Six Classics, emphasized the opposition between Confucianism and nature, and advocated breaking the shackles of etiquette and law. His philosophy is based on the materialistic view of nature and adheres to the simple materialistic epistemology. He believes that "the vitality of Taoism endows all beings with innate qualities" ("On Ming Dan") and affirms that everything is endowed with vitality. Put forward the theory that "the more famous you teach, the more natural you are". Ji Kang was smart and studious since childhood. His article is "novel in thought and often against Gu Yan" (Lu Xun's The Relationship between Wei and Jin Manners and Articles and Medicinal Liquor). Breaking up with Shan Juyuan and Learning from Nature are his representative works. Poetry is longer than four words, with a clear expression; Complaining about poetry, giving scholars to join the army, is famous far and near. The theory of sound without sorrow and music thinks that the same music can arouse different feelings, and asserts that music itself has no distinction between sorrow and music, but its purpose is to deny the educational thought of etiquette and music promoted by the rulers at that time. He is good at guqin, famous for playing Guangling San, and once wrote Fu Qin, giving a detailed and vivid description of the playing method and expressive force of guqin.

Ruan Ji

Ruan Ji (2 10 ~ 263) was a poet of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. The word heir. Chen Liuwei (now Henan) was born. He is the son of Ruan Yu, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. Ruan Ji has the ambition to help the world politically. He once went to Guangwu City to see the Chu-Han battlefield and lamented that "there was no hero at that time, and Li Zi became famous!" At that time, Cao Rui and Ming Di were dead, and Cao Shuang and Sima Yi assisted Cao Fang. The two men are fighting with each other, and the political situation is very sinister. Cao Shuang once called Ruan Ji to join the army, but he resigned due to illness. Ten years ago (249), Cao Shuang was killed by Sima Yi, who was in charge of state affairs. Sima killed dissidents, and many people were implicated. Ruan Ji was politically inclined to the royal family of Cao Wei and was dissatisfied with Sima Group, but at the same time he felt that there was no reason in the world, so he adopted an attitude of not causing trouble and preserving his sanity, or studying behind closed doors, climbing mountains near the water, getting drunk, or keeping his mouth shut. But in some cases, Ruan Ji was forced by Sima's arrogance and had to perfunctory. He accepted the official position granted by Sima, served as the lieutenant of Sima and his son, and was also a captain of the cavalry and infantry, so people later called him "Ruan Infantry". He was also forced to write "Persuade Jinwen" for Si Mazhao's self-styled Gong Jin and prepare wine Xi. Therefore, Sima adopted a tolerant attitude towards him, and did not pursue all kinds of madness and etiquette violations, and finally died. Ruan Ji's works include 6 poems, 9 essays and more than 90 poems. Ruan Ji's poems represent his major literary achievements. His main works are 82 five-character poems. Ruan Ji's work "Economic History of Sui Shu" is included in 13. The original series has been lost. However, his works have not lost much. Taking poetry as an example, Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin says that he wrote more than 80 poems, all of which seem to have been handed down from generation to generation. There were many editions in Ming Dynasty, among which Zhang Pu's Ruan Infantry Collection was included in 103 collections of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. The Collection of Ruan Ji was edited and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House on 1978. People's Literature Publishing House 1957 published Ruan Infantry's Poems on Huai River with annotations.

Shan Tao

Dan Tao is the oldest of the seven sages of bamboo forest. He joined the bamboo forest celebrity because of his personal charm. Wang Rong, who is also the seven sages of the bamboo forest, commented on him: "Jade is uncut and abrasive." In other words, he gives a deep impression of quality. Gorgeous was one of the manners of celebrities at that time. Although Dan Tao has deep feelings with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji, their interests are actually different, which can be illustrated by his example of Ji Kang dying and the fact that Ji Kang broke up with him. He embarked on another road to being an official.

Dan Tao is a man of great insight. He approached power cautiously. At the critical moment of Cao Shi's power struggle with Sima's family, Dan Tao saw that the incident was just around the corner, and "invisibly refused to pay world affairs". Before that, he was an official in Cao Shuang, and Cao Shuang would be defeated, so he abdicated to avoid suspicion. But when the overall situation has been set and the power situation of Sima has been formed, he came out. Dan Tao and Sima Shi are in-laws, and he went to see Sima Shi by virtue of this relationship. Knowing his intentions and ambitions, Master Sima said to him, "Does Lv Wang want to be an official and do evil?" So, after a long time, "Minister Li Weixiu was appointed as a scholar, except for Lang, Chinese and foreign, and Wang Chang, a general in title of generals in ancient times, became a doctor." He threw himself at Zhao Xiang's hands and transferred to the official department. Of course, I started as a small official. When it comes to being an official of Shangshu, my career will be smooth sailing.

Ji Kang once wrote a "Dear John", so later generations despised Dan Tao very much. Although Dan Tao is not as straightforward and eager as Ji Kang, he just doesn't violate the custom. For example, he also drinks, but there is a certain limit until eight fights, which is different from other people's binge drinking. Dan Tao lived frugally and was highly praised by time theory. Twenty years after Ji Kang was killed, he recommended Ji Kang's son Ji Shao as his secretary. He told Ji Shao, "I have missed you for a long time. There is news at four o'clock in the world, but the situation is terrible! " It can be seen that he has not forgotten his old friends for twenty years.

As for his refuge in Sima's house, it seems beyond reproach. Because the purpose of scholars' seeking knowledge is to "apply what they have learned", there must be a problem of "realizing their own value". However, they only have few pure knowledge websites. Except astronomy and calendars, almost all other technologies are the basic industries of "medical astrology" and "all-round work". Law, economy and management are also mostly the patents of small officials. Piano, chess, calligraphy and painting are just hobbies for most people, and what they can do is to study and be an official. In a society where imperial power monopolizes everything, it goes without saying that those people who have only one skill, such as chicken singing and dog stealing, are all outstanding talents with latitude and longitude in the world, and rarely show their skills except "goods and emperors".

Xiang Xiu

Wei and Jin writers. One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. Words are divided into periods. A native of Huai County, Hanoi (now southwest of Wuzhi, Henan). The year of birth and death is unknown. Shao. Make friends with Ji Kang and others. Xiang embroidery can't live in seclusion. After Ji Kang was killed in Jingyuan four years (263), he had to apply to Luoyang under the pressure of Sima. Later, he rode as an assistant minister and turned to Huangmen to ride as a constant waiter. Zhuangzi's Learning of Xiang Embroidery. At that time, Zhuangzi was quite popular, but the old annotation "Don't study its purpose" and Xiang embroidery "Zhuangzi Yinjie" had a great influence on explaining Hyunri, which promoted the prevalence of metaphysics. However, Xiang embroidery did not finish writing Autumn Water and Happiness. Later, on the basis of Zhuangzi Yinjie, Guo Xiang completed the annotations of Qiushui and Zhile, and then put them into play, which became the annotation of Zhuangzi seen today.

Liu Ling

Bolun was born in Guo Pei (now Su County, Anhui Province). One of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". At the end of Wei, he joined the army for Jianwei. At the beginning of Jin Wudi's reign, he called for countermeasures and emphasized inaction, so he was exempted. He opposed Sima's dark rule and hypocritical ethics. In order to avoid political persecution, he became addicted to alcohol and pretended to be crazy. Once a guest came to visit, he was naked. When the guest asked him, he said, "I live in heaven and earth and take my room as my clothes." Why did you get into my pants? " "His bohemian behavior shows the denial of Ming etiquette. Jiu de has only one ode.

Ruan Xian

Ruan Xian, whose real name is Zhong Rong, is one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Ruan Ji's nephew and an uncle are all called "Ruan Daxiao". He rode an assistant minister through the official calendar to supplement the magistrate. Dan Tao thinks that he is "chaste without desire, deeply aware of the troubled times, and everything is immobile. It is inappropriate to be an official "(see Biography of the Book of Jin), but Emperor Wu of Jin thought that he was too drunk to use it.

Like Ruan Ji, he let go of his birthday and was wild. He had a close relationship with his aunt's Xianbei handmaid in private. Mother died and should have returned to China, but Ruan Xian asked to leave her, which was unacceptable to the ethical code at that time. Later, when the handmaid left, Ruan Xian borrowed a donkey to ride behind her, and finally got her back, and gave birth to a son named Ruan Fu, who was laughed at by the world. He doesn't make friends casually, but only makes friends with relatives and friends and drinks songs. Once, his relatives and friends were drinking together, and he also came to participate. He didn't drink from a glass, but from a big bowl and got drunk. At that time, a large group of pigs came to drink, and Ruan Xian also drank with them. He is really happy to play the piano while drinking. So "drinking with tapirs" became a joke.

Ruan Xianmiao became a famous musician at that time because of his understanding of temperament and playing pipa. In ancient times, there was a pipa called Ruan Xian. He once discussed temperament with Xun Xu, who thought he was far less than Ruan Xian and was extremely jealous. As a result, Ruan Xian was demoted to Shimei Magistrate. Ruan Xian's book "Law Discussion" has been handed down from generation to generation. See the note of Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yu Shujie.

Wang Rong

Wang Rong (234-305) was born in Linyi (now Shandong). Minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Young and enlightened, bright and beautiful. Good at talking and traveling with Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. For a bamboo forest, and after tasting it, I said, "It's disappointing that vulgar things are back." He is the most vulgar of the seven sages. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, he successively served as Huang Menlang, Chang Shi, Hedong Taishou, Jingzhou Secretariat, and entered Anfeng County. Later, he moved to Guangluxun and Shangshu in the official department. Hui Di, an official of Stuart. I am obsessed with fame and fortune and have nothing to say about it. Sex is extremely greedy and stingy, and the countryside is all over the States, without accumulation. Every time I gnash my teeth and count day and night, if it is insufficient. The Rong family has good plums and often sells them, but they are afraid of others' planting and often sell them, so they are ridiculed by the world.

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Respondent: Wan Yan Kangkang-Juren Grade 5 8-2 14:44.

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It's well written and detailed. Keep trying!

I like all seven of them very much

Commentator: Phoenix Mercury-Probation Level 1

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Other answers *** 3

Ji Kang was born in Dan Tao, Xiang Embroidered, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian and Wang Rong.

Ji kang

Ji Kang (224-263) was born in Luo County (now southwest of Suzhou, Anhui Province) during the Three Kingdoms period. Although his family is Confucian, they don't learn from teachers, but only say that they are good at Laozi and Zhuangzi. Married into the Wei imperial clan, the official is scattered in the doctor, so it is also called scattered in the middle. Advocating the way of natural health preservation, he wrote the theory of health preservation and advocated "making nature more famous." He made close friends with Wang Rong, Liu Ling, Xiang embroidery, Dan Tao, Ruan Xian and Ruan Ji, and was called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Later, because of different interests, he went to be an official and took him as his own generation, and then wrote a book and broke up with Tao; Because of the estrangement from Zhong Hui, he was killed in Si Mazhao at the age of forty and became a general. Ji Kangshan is famous for playing Guangling San. There is San Ji in Jizhong, with Ji Kang in Jizhong compiled by Lu Xun as the essence.

Ruan Ji

Ruan Ji (2 10-263) was a poet in the last years of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. Black Sect, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest. Wei people, once a captain of the infantry, were called "Ruan Infantry" in history. Worship the learning of Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi, but take a cautious attitude to avoid disasters politically. With Ji Kang, Liu Ling and other seven people as friends, they often gather under bamboo forests and enjoy themselves, and are known as the seven sages of bamboo forests in the world. Ruan Ji is the representative of the "beginning sound", among which 82 poems about the bosom are the most famous. Ruan Ji expresses his feelings through different writing techniques such as metaphor, symbol and sustenance, and satirizes the present with the past, forming a poetic style of "grief, indignation, sadness and obscurity". Besides poetry, Ruan Ji is also good at prose and ci-fu. Of the nine essays, the longest and most representative is Biography of Mr. Adult.

Shan Tao

Dan Tao (205-283), a native of Juyuan, was one of the seven sages of bamboo forest. People from Huaixian County (now Wuzhi West, Henan Province) in the Western Jin Dynasty. I was lonely in my early years and my family was poor. Good theory of Lao zi and Zhuang zi, making friends with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. Dan Tao is leaving his job and wants to ask Ji Kang to take his place. Ji Kang wrote to break up with him. At the age of forty, it was a princess book. Dan Tao turned a blind eye to Sima Yi and Cao Shuang's struggle for power and profit, and stayed out of the world. After Sima Shi came to power, he wanted to be attached to him and was promoted to a scholar. In addition to his doctor, he moved to the official department of Shangshu. Si Mazhao took Zhong Hui as an insurrection in Shu, and the Western Expedition and Ren Tao as marching chariots and horses. Zhao Jin was made public, and Tao advocated that he should be a prince. It is said that Wei proclaimed himself the emperor, made himself a great hero, added Che as a captain, and became the new boss. Out of Jizhou secretariat, the town of Bayinqu, collecting more than 30 talents. As a servant, he moved to the official department of Shangshu, the prince of Shaofu, and the left servant. Every time an official chooses, he first follows the will of Emperor Wu of Jin and makes comments in person, which is called "Mountain Announcement". Because of my old habit, I have resigned many times and I am not allowed. After worshipping Si Tuleideng, he resumed his resignation and returned to China. There are ten volumes, which have been lost, and there are series books today.

Xiang Xiu

Xiang Xiu (about 227-272) was born in Hanoi Huai (now southwest of Henan Province). One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest in Wei and Jin Dynasties. From officials to assistant ministers of Huangmen, they are all regular attendants of scattered riding. He wrote notes such as Zhuangzi, Inventing Curiosity, Arousing the Xuanfeng, Autumn Water and Happiness, but he died before he finished writing them. After Guo Xiang's Narration and Generalization, it is not a book. Lost in his early years, the existing Zhuangzi Zhu can be regarded as Xiang and Guo's * * * works. He advocated the unity of "Zoroastrianism" and "Nature" and the unity of Confucianism and Taoism. Everything is free and easy, but "up and down" is also out of "nature", and we can't seek "freedom" to violate "bright focus". Good at poetry and songs. His mourning for Ji Kang and Lu An's Thoughts on Old Fu is very painful and famous.

Liu Ling

Liu Ling was born in Bolun, Guo Pei (now Suxian County, Anhui Province). One of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". At the end of Wei, he joined the army for Jianwei. At the beginning of Jin Wudi's reign, he called for countermeasures and emphasized inaction, so he was exempted. He opposed Sima's dark rule and hypocritical ethics. In order to avoid political persecution, he became addicted to alcohol and pretended to be crazy. Once a guest came to visit, he was naked. When the guest asked him, he said, "I live in heaven and earth and take my room as my clothes." Why did you get into my pants? " "His bohemian behavior shows the denial of Ming etiquette. Jiu de has only one ode.

Ruanxian

Liu Chen, whose name is Zhong Rong, was born in Wei's family in the Western Jin Dynasty (now Henan) and lived in Ruan County. One of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Ruan Ji's nephew and Ruan Ji are also called "big and small Ruan". Li Guan rode an assistant minister to level the satrap. Open-minded and informal. Be good at playing pipa. The pipa he used was different from the musical instrument that came from Qiuci later. In the Tang Dynasty, the musical instrument he played was named Ruan Xian, and in the Song Dynasty it was called Ruan for short.

Wang Rong

Wang Rong (234-305) was born in Linyi (now Shandong). Minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Young and enlightened, bright and beautiful. Good at talking and traveling with Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. For a bamboo forest, and after tasting it, I said, "It's disappointing that vulgar things are back." He is the most vulgar of the seven sages. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, he successively served as Huang Menlang, Chang Shi, Hedong Taishou, Jingzhou Secretariat, and entered Anfeng County. Later, he moved to Guangluxun and Shangshu in the official department. Hui Di, an official of Stuart. I am obsessed with fame and fortune and have nothing to say about it. Sex is extremely greedy and stingy, and the countryside is all over the States, without accumulation. Every time I gnash my teeth and count day and night, if it is insufficient. The Rong family has good plums and often sells them, but they are afraid of others' planting and often sell them, so they are ridiculed by the world.

Responder: love birds-Juren Level 4 8-2 14:38.

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■ First of all, people:

Liu Chen Ruan Ji, Qiao Guo Ji Kang, Hanoi Dan Tao, Guo Pei Liu Ling, Liu Chen Ruan Xian, Hanoi Xiang Xiu, Langxie Wang Rong.

First of all, the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest are not academic groups or political organizations. After gathering for a period of time, they naturally broke up for some reasons. They gathered for a short time, probably within five or six years from the beginning to Jiaping.

■ Second, the environmental background and the seven sages of bamboo forest

The appearance of the seven sages of bamboo forest is of great significance in history and has great relevance from the environmental background. Wei-Jin period is an extremely violent period in the history of China, and the environmental changes can be roughly divided into four parts.

1. invaded Wuhu, which was a war between the Han nationality and the surrounding ethnic minorities.

2. In China, the economic recession led to peasant riots.

3. The struggle within the regime is mainly manifested in the struggle for imperial power between Cao Wei Group and Sima Group.

4. Ideologically and academically, it is the mutual debate and division between Laozi and Zhuangzi's Confucianism and metaphysics.

In these four aspects, the latter two situations are closely related to the seven sages of bamboo forest.

■ Third, the political environment.

Wei Mingdi died, and Crown Prince Cao Fang was only eight years old when he succeeded to the throne. Cao Shuang and Sima Yi are two representatives behind him. Cao Shuang is the clan of Wei Emperor; Sima Yi was an important official of three generations, and the two factions fought fiercely. However, Cao Zhi Group had many advantages during the chaos in the late Han Dynasty. Many civil and military officials in the dynasty were promoted by Cao Zhi Group, so compared with Sima's family, Cao Zhi had many advantages. But in the first year of Jiaping, Sima's secret forces launched the "Gaoping Revolution", and Cao Shuang's family of three were killed. The Book of Jin, Xuandi Ji, all the branches of the Party are barbarians, regardless of gender, and those who are suitable for their aunts and sisters are killed. Therefore, Sima's idea of "killing famous people and cherishing trees with oneself" left a shadow among the majority of the scribes. Because of killing too many people and hitting too hard, celebrities all over the world immediately reduced the rest and fled in succession, watching Dan Tao, Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, who went out to be officials at that time, retire to the mountains one after another. Therefore, the emergence of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest can be said to be an expedient measure taken by upright scribes at that time to avoid the vortex of the struggle between the two factions.

Later, after years of fighting, the Sima family won the victory of establishing the Jin Dynasty. At the same time, the seven sages of the bamboo forest also happened to have differences. Dan Tao and Wang Rong actively became officials and became important ministers of Sima Group. Ji Kang always took an uncooperative attitude, and was finally transferred to Lu 'an by Ma Shi and killed. Ruan Ji and Xiang Xiu were forced to become officials of the Jin Dynasty. Liu Ling and Ruan Xian live the same life in wine, because they are far less important than others.

Although Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were extremely unstable periods in China's history, many flowers of thought and literature were in full bloom at this time. China's traditional political system not only implements centralized political rule, but also carries out ideological rule, so the so-called era of political civilization is also the era when people's thoughts are most constrained.

During the decades from Jian 'an to the early Jin Dynasty, there were countless wars and usurpations, and the people's lives could not be relied on. Traditional thought-the famous religious thought of Confucianism-can't give people any comfort. What's even more frightening is that the incumbent even used Ming religion to kill literati. However, Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophical proposition coincides with the people's weariness of war, so Laozi and Zhuangzi's thought began to flourish.

In the process of communication between Confucianism and metaphysics of Laozi and Zhuangzi, from the extreme bias towards nature at the beginning, to the reconciliation of Confucianism with metaphysics of Laozi and Zhuangzi.

The so-called "Mingjiao" not only talks about Confucian academic thoughts, but also covers a wide range. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, China's Confucianism has penetrated into the people, and in the Han Dynasty, Confucianism became no longer simple. In order to maintain political stability, politicians combined the so-called five ethics of Confucianism with the idea of governing the country by family, and formed a system of controlling the people, which reached its peak in the Han Dynasty. The standard of being an official has also become to judge personal integrity. This way can play a very powerful role in political cultivation, and intellectuals can easily get used to this system. However, once the time is long, bad habits will gradually appear, and unfortunately, when the politicians are in power, this famous education system has become a way to bind scholars.

Therefore, in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, many scholars openly opposed this hypocritical ethical measure, the most famous of which was the "Seven Sages in the Bamboo Forest". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the corruption of current politics, a group of scholar-officials shouted loudly and criticized the gains and losses of current politics. At that time, people called this kind of behavior "Qingyi". However, this kind of clear discussion was interfered by eunuchs, which killed countless literati and was called "the disaster of party concealment" As a result, many scholar-officials were disheartened and disappointed with Confucianism, and then their ideological and academic changes became more drastic.

Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and Sima Yan usurped the Wei Dynasty. Many cruel and inhuman things kept happening. As a result, many celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as Kong Rong, Mi Fei, Yang Xiu and Yanhe, were killed. Many scholars believe that it is impossible to save the world, and only by pretending to be deaf and dumb, sending affection, being bohemian, and meeting and talking about metaphysics can we avoid disaster. Wei and Jin Dynasties were the heyday of the development of metaphysics. Therefore, Confucianism and metaphysics of Laozi and Zhuangzi are stirring with each other, and many scholars have studied both aspects. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Yang Xiong compromised with Confucianism in order to get rid of Dong Zhongshu's disaster and Yi-ology, and established another metaphysical thought combining Confucianism and Taoism.

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Responder: the child who plays the fool-assistant level 3 8-2 14:38

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"Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" refers to seven celebrities in Jin Dynasty: Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Dan Tao, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian, Xiang Xiu and Wang Rong. They are unrestrained and often sing and drink under the bamboo forest. One of the most famous drinkers is Liu Ling. Liu Ling said: "Born in Liu Ling, in the name of wine, one drink and one welcome, five fights"; & lt& lt wine spectrum >> Liu Ling often carries a hip flask with him, rides a deer cart, drinks while walking, and follows the cart alone with a digging tool. When she dies, she will be buried on the spot. Ruan Xian is even more shameless to drink. Every time he drinks with Zongren, he always uses a big basin to hold the wine, without a glass or a spoon. Everyone sat around the wine basin and drank with their hands. Pigs come to drink water, but there is no hurry. Ruan Xian also joined the pigs to drink together. Liu Ling once wrote & gt a song to the effect that I walked without a trace, lived without a house, acted on the ground and did what I wanted. Whether I stop or walk, I always drink with a glass in my hand, but wine is business, and I don't know anything else. I don't care what others say. The more others want to comment, the more they want to drink. When they drink, they will sleep, and they will be in a trance. In a quiet place, they can't hear even if it thunders. They turn a blind eye to Mount Tai, don't know whether the weather is cold or hot, and don't know the desires and feelings in the world. This poem by Liu Ling fully reflects the mentality of the literati in the Jin Dynasty, that is, due to social unrest and long-term division, the rulers persecuted some literati politically, which made the literati have to drown their sorrows with wine, or avoid disasters with wine, and vent their dissatisfaction with current politics with drunken ravings. According to historical records, Wei Wendi Si Mazhao wanted to propose to his son Ruan Ji's daughter. Ruan Ji was drunk for 60 days, so that Si Mazhao didn't have a chance to speak. These things were quite representative at that time and had a great influence on later generations.