The campaign background of the battle of Qing and Chang

After the first battle, the volunteers voluntarily retreated and concealed their strength. The United States and South Korea know that our army entered the DPRK, but the strength and intention of our army entering the DPRK are still unknown. MacArthur took it for granted that North Korea had only 50,000-70,000 troops. The purpose of entering the DPRK is to save the government's face politically and protect the Yalu River Hydropower Station militarily. After some reconnaissance and bombing of our rear, MacArthur ordered the multinational forces to advance on the Yalu River, and arrogantly claimed to end the Korean War before Christmas. In view of the enemy's situation, our army sent a small team, fighting and walking, to lure the enemy into the battlefield I had scheduled. The main force of the volunteers all moved to the scheduled assembly area, and the "United Nations Army" completely entered our ambush area on125. At dusk that day, the volunteers launched a campaign counterattack on the western front. Changjin Lake is the largest lake in North Korea. It starts from Changjin River in Huangcaoling, forms Changjin Lake between Liutanli and Xiajieyu in the north, and finally flows into Yalu River. 1950, 165438+ 10, two ace armies of China and the United States launched a campaign to change the historical process here.

From165438+1October 6, the "United Nations Army" launched a tentative attack with some troops. On the Eastern Front, the US troops are mainly the 1 Division and the 7th Division of the Marine Corps, and more than 90,000 people from Britain and Turkey are marching along Huangcaoling. Lurking in the Changjin Lake area is the 9 th Corps of Volunteers ready to attack this powerful "United Nations Army" force. The troops of the Ninth Corps were the main force preparing for the battle in Taiwan Province Province. The Corps consists of 20 armies, 26 armies and 27 armies, with nearly150,000 men.

Most of the soldiers of the Ninth Army came from the south. Changjin Lake area is the most bitter and coldest area in the north, with an altitude of 1000 to 2000m, dense forests, narrow roads and few people. The lowest temperature at night is close to MINUS 40 degrees Celsius, which is another severe winter once in 50 years. Volunteer soldiers wear winter clothes in the temperate zone of East China, but the cotton-padded clothes of cadres above the regiment level have not been issued yet. Before going abroad, I have planned to have a rest and change clothes in Liaoyang and Shenyang. However, due to the urgent situation in North Korea, when the 20 th Army train entered Shanhaiguan, the General Staff Department sent senior staff officers to stop the train and read the order of the Central Military Commission to "enter the DPRK urgently". More than a dozen trains only stopped in Shenyang for a while and then continued to rush in. When parking, the northeast border guards were surprised to see the thin clothes of the troops entering the DPRK, and immediately mobilized the cadres and soldiers to take off their clothes and put them on, but the number was very small, and the parking time of the troops was extremely short. Even many of the clothes taken off at that time were too late to be sent to the train.

These shivering troops are still in high spirits. Without a map, they successfully crossed the Yalu River and disappeared into the snow-capped mountains of North Korea as soon as they entered North Korea. Due to the air superiority of the U.S. military, it can't move during the day, so it can only March at night, which is particularly cold at night. On the first day of the March, more than 700 people were frostbitten. Volunteers only have l-2 quilts in each class. When the soldiers were resting, everyone just curled up on the quilt and froze, let alone kept warm. The U.S. military mastered the air superiority during the day, and the trench equipment of the volunteers could not be transported, so the troops could only March on foot with light artillery. Due to limited supplies, before the start of the battle, the troops did not eat a hot meal for as little as two days and as many as nine days. While shivering with cold, you have to eat ice and snow to quench your thirst.

165438+1On October 27th, heavy snow began to fall around Changjin Lake, and the temperature reached over 40 degrees below zero. The cold climate has brought great difficulties to combat and ammunition supply. However, in order to seize the dispersion of American troops, the volunteers did not find the favorable opportunity to assemble, so the 9 th Corps decisively decided to launch an attack.

For the American army, the attack of the volunteers came suddenly, and the troops attacked the American army as violently as they emerged from the ground. After a night of fighting, the infantry of the 20th and 27th armies cut the mechanized 1 division of the US Marine Corps into four sections.

At first, many American soldiers were killed or captured in sleeping bags. However, because all the heavy artillery of the volunteers failed to follow up, it could not pose a substantial threat to the US defense positions quickly protected by tanks.

The mortar barrels carried by the volunteers were frozen, and the shells could not be put in. Light machine guns must be triggered constantly to ensure that they can be fired at any time. The only weapons that can be used are rifles, submachine guns, bayonets and grenades, which turned out to be "heavy weapons". As soon as the bugle sounded, the volunteer soldiers who were swept off their feet by the cold immediately got up from the snow and stormed the American column on the highway. Many people froze to death because of lying for a long time, and many brave soldiers dragged their frozen legs and charged. The U.S. Marine Corps 1 Division and the U.S. 7th Infantry Division, which are completely wrapped in steel, are also battle-hardened trump cards. They quickly formed a circular defense circle with 200 tanks in several besieged locations, and concentrated their fire on sweeping the flood of volunteers. Volunteers are basically infantry, with only a small amount of light artillery. Compared with American automatic weapons, tanks and armored vehicles, the volunteers have a serious shortage of firepower. They can only rely on rich combat experience and tenacious fighting will to hide as close as possible to the throwing distance of grenades, and then suddenly throw a large number of grenades, followed by fierce impact, thus defeating their opponents tactically.

After 10 hours of continuous fighting, the US military's weapons reached the limit of use. At dawn, some machine guns jammed and some American ammunition was running out. The offensive of the volunteers seems endless. "As long as the firepower of the US military is slightly weak, the charge, whistle and horn will ring everywhere, and there will be China people who storm and fly grenades." Some American soldiers prayed that the remaining ammunition would last until dawn when supplies were airdropped. In the night battle, the American army found that the volunteers were more difficult to deal with than the Japanese troops in Guadalcanal and Okinawa. Those Japanese death squads who were frightened by Lisa Tseng's army were just nerds in charge of printmaking. Although they are fanatical and aggressive, many of them lack combat experience and can only sweep down large areas of land with machine guns. However, volunteer infantry is much calmer and more sophisticated. When it comes to shooting, it uses the terrain to quickly fall and leap. Sometimes, it is not easy for a class to concentrate its firepower on the approaching volunteer infantry. Captain Speer of the US Army described: "Our aircraft and artillery are quite powerful. After dozens of minutes of suppressed bombing, we thought that the enemy's position must have been destroyed, and the reconnaissance of the plane confirmed this to us. However, when our infantry rushed forward to seize the enemy position, they were hit back by intensive machine guns and grenades. We really don't understand what happened there. "

Hand over the US military task force

On the afternoon of 29th, US Marines/KOOC-0/Division/KOOC-0/Infantry Battalion and/KOOC-0/Tank Battalion, as well as British Royal Marines and Korean Marines/KOOC-0/10,000 people, under the cover of more than 50 planes, violently attacked the frontline positions of Li Fusheng and Wang Teli, 60th Division of the 20th Army of the Volunteers.

For the volunteers with weak firepower, it is much easier for the US military to leave the pocket position than to stick to it. The 20th Army179th Regiment guarding Li Fusheng finally seized the opportunity and struggled to stop this American army. Many volunteer soldiers tied a few grenades around their waist and lay on their backs on the road, blocking the enemy's steel monsters with their own flesh and blood. But grenades can't help tanks, but they blow up many American and British infantry behind them. The volunteers took advantage of the loss of aircraft cover at dusk to resolutely fight back. Finally, it was surrounded on the road in Li Fusheng after dark.

After fierce fighting, the US military task force has been in a state of exhaustion and confusion. The task force tanks used machine guns and artillery to clear the way for their infantry, but under the sniper fire of the volunteers, the task force infantry could not keep up with the tanks and still could not move. Tanks and infantry were separated from each other, and finally most tanks broke through and returned to the ancient soil, while all infantry units were pulled down. The task force that lost the cover of armored vehicles was immediately divided into many small pieces by experienced volunteers and fell into a scuffle. The determination of the remaining 240 US military contingents to resist and hope for assistance all collapsed, so they all surrendered under the leadership of Major mclaughlin. In this valley, which is called "the valley of living hell" by the United States, the volunteers forced a formed unit of the US military to surrender. On 65438+February 1 day, American troops entering Jinqing and Huishan towns began to retreat to Chengxing area. The 5th and 7th Marines in Liutan also rushed out of the encirclement with the support of a large number of planes and tanks, and moved closer to the lower corner. However, the cold and hunger of the volunteers have reached an alarming level, and the fighting is extremely fierce. Stick to the main peak of Dead Eagle Ridge 15 19. A temporary unit of the 59th Division177th Regiment fought bravely, throwing grenades at the attacking American troops, and always * * * defeated the enemy eight times.

The snow on this position was baked by gunfire and the cold wind blew, freezing the remaining 60 volunteers in the mud and snow. At the beginning of the American breakthrough, most of their legs were frozen to death and they couldn't move on the ground. They can only watch helplessly as the US military abandons its frozen heavy equipment and retreats eastward along the road under Dead Eagle Ridge. Finally, these volunteers survivors were pried open by the regiment command post and medical staff, and their backs were frozen with ice.

The 5th Company of Volunteer Army 8 1 Division 242nd Regiment was ordered to ambush in the retreat of American troops. When the battle started, no one stood up and charged. A whole company of cadres and soldiers in battle formation froze to death in simple bunkers. A company of 100 people, the survivor is just a fallen soldier, a correspondent who conveys orders.

The 2nd Company of 60th Division180th Regiment froze to death on the ground while guarding Huangcaoling 108 1 highland, and many soldiers' hands were frozen on rifles and could not be separated.

These tenacious soldiers have been lying quietly for days and nights in the cold of MINUS 40 degrees Celsius and in the cold snow without any hot food imports. The US military has never faced such a powerful and sustained attack in such bad weather.

American vehicles retreated south on the mountain road, and exchanged fire with volunteer infantry running like antelopes on the mountain. Sometimes, only 10 people are left, but thousands of tanks and cars are chased by American troops.

12 17, the us army finally retreated to the Nangang area of lianpuxing, and under the cover of fire from its navy and air force, it retreated from the sea to the south of Korea.

The main forces of the 26 th and 27 th armies of the Volunteers were so hungry that they could hardly climb. The officers and men tenaciously supported the pursuit of the US military by picking up food and weapons and ammunition. After meeting these China soldiers who are as thin as skeletons, those American soldiers who stayed behind were not depressed by being captured, but more delighted by being rescued, because it is difficult to survive in the desolate world of ice and snow without finding any warring parties and being taken in. Despite the cruel fighting and insufficient supplies, those volunteers who fought for more than 20 days in a row tried their best to collect food to fill the stomachs of American prisoners.

The fine qualities of tolerance, kindness and perseverance of the Chinese nation are so perfect in these soldiers that some captured American soldiers are reluctant to leave after being released.

On February 24, 65438, the vanguard troops of the Volunteers finally entered Yuanshan Port, Nanxing Area and coastal ports, and no American soldiers were found in the whole area. At this point, the most tragic and arduous battles in history are all over.