What is urgently needed in the fourth unit of the first volume of Chinese self-test in the seventh grade of People's Education Press?

I. Accumulation and Application (25 points)

1, and the group with identical vowels is () (2 points).

A, the rumors of the peaks and mountains are noisy. B, the silk yarn indicates green.

C, stupid and greedy lettuce D, flying flies and moss

2, choose the following groups of words with typos (2 points)

(1) A. Diffuse B. Distant C. Surging waves D. Without hesitation ()

(2) A. Noisy B. Respected C. Vivid D. With relish ()

(3) A. Onion cage B. Broken leg and residual limb C. Better D. The wind will calm down and it will clear up ()

(4) A. Storage B. Through the ship's rail C. D. Panic ()

3. Explain the meaning of the added words according to the context (6 points)

(1) The exact time of this moment is 65438+July 2 1, 1: 56: 20, which is a milestone in human exploration of space.

Milestone: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) In this dumb and continuous bass, there is a very sharp and rapid, almost metallic crisp sound from time to time.

Silence: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) In a short time, the whole Yunshan collapsed and dark clouds filled the sky.

Diffusion: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

4. Fill in the blanks with the words that meet the semantic requirements of the sentence from the following four words: (5 points)

(1) but their voice is not strong, the eardrum of my ear can't capture this _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(A faint B crisp)

(2) It is _ _ _ _ _ to hear a little singing, and the quiet atmosphere in the night is perfect. (a is urgent and b is soft)

(3) Three astronauts * * * completed the _ _ trip from one planet to another.

(a adventure b exploration c exploration)

(4) We can also use the glorious phenomenon on the cloud _ _ weather conditions.

(A calculation, B calculation, C observation)

(5) That is a Guo Guo, a cicada holding its belly in despair.

(A pecks, B bites, C eats)

5. According to the materials provided, summarize the language information, and the wrong one is () (2 points).

Material fossils-the remains and remains of ancient creatures are buried underground and turned into things like stones. Studying fossils can understand the evolution of organisms and help to determine the age of strata. (Modern Chinese Dictionary)

Fossils are made of old stones.

B, fossils can be divided into trace fossils and trace fossils.

C, the study of fossils can help us understand the evolution process of organisms.

Studying fossils can help us determine the age of strata.

6, in order to make the following paragraphs concise and coherent, should be modified is () (3 points)

When a ship sails on the sea, it needs a lighthouse to indicate the direction, otherwise it may run aground or sink on the rocks. There are too many such accidents in the history of navigation. This tragedy has brought great losses to human life and property, and also taught people a profound lesson. On the road of life, it is true. If you want to make a difference, you must have a correct outlook on life as a guide, otherwise you will be mediocre, waste time and even go astray.

A, delete the second sentence b, delete the third sentence.

C, delete sentence 23 d and delete sentence 24.

7. Read the following paragraph and summarize the main information in one sentence. (No more than 12 words)

The reporter learned from the meteorological department yesterday that after on-the-spot investigation by experts, the first atmospheric composition observation station in Sichuan was finally located in Chengdu. (5 points)

According to the requirements of China Meteorological Bureau's atmospheric station network construction, Sichuan Province reported the basic information of environmental and climatic conditions of Mianyang Reference Station, Mianyang Doppler Radar Station, Chengdu Observatory and Chengdu Lianyi Building. Experts from China Meteorological Research Institute, China Meteorological Bureau and Atmospheric Composition Observation Service Center finally chose Chengdu as the atmospheric composition observation station.

It is reported that this station is one of the stations in the layout adjustment plan of the national atmospheric composition observation station network planned by China Meteorological Research Institute. In addition, nine other atmospheric composition observation stations will be built nationwide. Thus, an atmospheric composition observation network consisting of 30 stations is formed, which provides scientific basis for the observation and prediction of atmospheric composition in China, national climate and diplomatic negotiations, and regional air pollution control.

Second, reading and taste of classical Chinese (16)

Yu Nian, the grandson, was drinking with his colleagues upstairs. Suddenly, he saw a lonely tower standing high in the sky on the top of the mountain. He looked at each other in surprise, but there was no such monastery in his mind. Nothing. I didn't know it was a mountain city until I saw dozens of palaces and blue tiles flying. A few days later, the high wall was towering for six or seven miles, which was really a battleground for military strategists. Hundreds of millions of people own a building, a hall and a square. Suddenly, the wind is blowing, the dust is boundless, and the city is just blurred. As soon as the wind clears up, everything is gone, leaving only a dangerous building and going directly to lonely people. There are five buildings with wide windows; There is a queue at five o'clock, also outside the building. Layer by layer index, the higher the building, the less bright it is. Count to the eighth floor and cut it like a star. On top of it, it is hazy and there are countless levels. And the people upstairs come and go, or rely on or rely on, not the same. Over time, the building is getting lower and lower, revealing the top; Gradually return to normal buildings; Gradually fell in love with tall houses; Suddenly, like a fist, like a bean, out of sight.

8. Find out the common words in the following sentences, and then pronounce and explain them. (2 points)

(1) Then it was calm and everything was gone.

Common words: _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ have the same definition: _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(2) number to eight layers, such as stars.

Common words: _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ have the same definition: _ _ _ _ _ _ _

9. The difference between the usage and meaning of the word "zhi" and other items is () (2 points)

A. call it happiness. B. always study.

C. Hold your head high D. Surrounding the mountain, one of the eight scenic spots in the city.

10, translation of underlined sentences (4 points)

(1) A few days later, the high wall was towering for six or seven miles, which was really a battleground for military strategists.

(2) Once the wind is clear, everything is gone, except a dangerous building, which leads directly to lonely people.

1 1. Please briefly describe the various stages of mirage change in your own words. (4 points)

(1) Initial stage:

(2) development stage:

(3) the climax stage:

(4) End stage:

12, what are the clues of narrative in the selected text? Please find the corresponding word (2 points)

13, choose a misunderstanding () (2 points)

A, like a mirage, a mountain city is a mirage formed by the refraction of light in the atmosphere.

B, this paper vividly reproduces the whole process of mountain city from its emergence to its disappearance.

C, this article suspense pen, set the scene with emotion, from coarse to fine, meticulous and appropriate.

D. At the end, the ghost market on the mountain is mentioned, and writing a supplementary explanation to take care of the beginning is the climax of the full text.

Three. Reading and Appreciation of Modern Literature (39 points)

(1) Read the following excerpt from Seeing the Weather through Clouds and answer the following questions. (14)

We can also infer the weather from the brilliant phenomena on the clouds. Around the sun and the moon, sometimes beautiful colored apertures appear, the inner layer is red and the outer layer is purple. This aperture is called halo. Solar and lunar halos often appear on the cirrostratus, and the high-rise clouds behind cirrostratus and nimbostratus are signs of heavy rain. So there is a saying that the sun is dizzy in the middle of the night and the moon is dizzy at noon. When cirrostratus is accompanied by dizziness, the weather will get worse. There is also a colored halo smaller than the halo, called "Hua". The arrangement of colors is purple and red, just the opposite of halo. Rihua and Yuehua are mostly produced at the edge of cumulus clouds. From small to large in central China, the weather tends to be fine. The central region of China is getting smaller from big to small, and the weather may turn rainy. In summer, after the rain clears, a colorful arc is often hung on the cloud curtain opposite the sun. This is a rainbow. People often say: "The east rainbow thunders and the west rainbow rains." If the rainbow is in the east, it will thunder and not rain; The rainbow is in the west and there will be heavy rain. There is also a cloud color, which often appears in the early morning or evening. The sun shone all over the sky and dyed the clouds red. This cloud is called Xia Xia. The morning glow is in the west, indicating that rainy weather is attacking us; The sunset glow in the east means that the weather has been fine in recent days. Therefore, there is a proverb "Don't go out at sunrise, but go to Wan Li Road at sunset".

14, read the selected text carefully, and you will find that one sentence can summarize the central content of this passage. (2 points)

15. Explain the similarities and differences between "halo" and "flower" in appearance according to the content of the text. (2 points)

Similarities:

Difference:

16, "Don't go out at sunrise, but go to Wan Li Road at sunset" is a weather proverb. Please write two weather proverbs you collected after class. (2 points)

17. Fill in the following table according to the content of the text (4 points)

Generation and distribution of light names and color weather signs

18. In the class discussion, some students suggested: "It is very convenient to listen to the weather forecast now, so you don't have to go to the clouds to understand the weather." Do you agree with this statement? Please provide a justification for the answer. (4 points)

(2) Read the following text selected from extracurricular activities and answer the last question. (15)

Must life die? No, there are two facts to prove: first, the germ cells of any living thing are immortal. They split and survived for tens of millions of years, and they are still alive. Without the immortality of germ cells, there is no continuation of species. Second, cancer cells will not die automatically, but will live forever. Hella cells are cervical cancer cells collected from a woman named Hella many years ago. It has been splitting and reproducing in laboratories all over the world, doubling every 24 hours, and its growth and division are extremely vigorous. It has been handed down for thousands of generations, and there is still no sign of death. Haila has been dead for many years, but her cancer cells can live forever. What's the mystery in this?

Hayflick, an American cytologist, found that human cells can only divide about 50 times in their life from the first division, and then they will die of aging. Why can cancer cells and germ cells divide indefinitely? Hayflick believes that this is because normal somatic cells are closely connected with the outside world and lack the exchange of genetic information, while cancer cells, on the contrary, can exchange information with viruses or other biological substances, thus enabling their own lives to continue. This may be the mystery of eternal life!

If we find out the mechanism of immortalization of cancer cells or germ cells and apply it to humans, won't it also make our somatic cells immortalized? If somatic cells also exchange genetic information with the outside world, can they divide indefinitely and live forever? A cytologist used genetic engineering to transplant mammalian nerve cells into golden croaker eggs (somatic cells combined with germ cells), which promoted the exchange of genetic information and made nerve cells divide 100 times without aging and still full of vitality.

19, please write down the central content of these paragraphs in short sentences. (2 points)

20. What does the second paragraph of the anthology mainly explain? (2 points)

2 1. Why did the author use the word "maybe" in the underlined sentence in the second paragraph of the selected text? (3 points)

22. Summarize the specific cases mentioned in the first paragraph in one sentence. What does the author want to illustrate by listing this example? (4 points)

23. The third paragraph lists an experiment of transplanting mammalian nerve cells into golden croaker eggs. What is the purpose of this experiment? What is the result of the experiment? How do you evaluate the value of this experiment? (4 points)

(3) Read the following text selected from extracurricular activities and answer the last question. (10)

Hengxing

On a clear summer night, looking up at the sky, there are many stars, most of which are stars.

Many red stars are very big, and some can hold 800 thousand suns. These stars are made of very thin gas. The thinnest, the density is only a few tens of thousands of the air on the earth, which is much thinner than the "vacuum" caused by our air pump.

There are also some stars that are very small, and some are smaller than the earth. However, the density of this star material is particularly high, and the matchhead is so big that it is equivalent to the weight of more than a dozen adults. Make a ball of the same size with platinum, and its weight is worth one in two million. People can't stand up on this star because it is so attractive that people's bones have long been crushed by their own weight. Such a small star emits strong dazzling white light, and its surface temperature is as high as 30 thousand to 50 thousand degrees Celsius.

There are also a lot of medium-sized stars. Like the sun, these stars are small in size and density (the density of the sun is 0.4 times that of 65438+ water), and the surface temperature is not very high, only a few thousand degrees.

There are all kinds of stars, but they are all hot and huge gas balls, all of which are glowing and heating.

24. The center of the article description is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (2 points)

25. The structure of these paragraphs is () (2 points)

A total score b total score c total score d total score.

26. Read the article and explain the similarities and differences of the stars. (2 points)

27. What do demonstrative pronouns "this", "these", "this" and "these" refer to (4 points)?

"This" means: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

"These" refer to: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

"This kind" means: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

"These" refer to: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Four, composition (40 points)

28. Since ancient times, human beings have never stopped exploring the moon. The Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon and WU GANG made wine in ancient times, and now there are feats of exploring around the moon and landing on the moon. With the successful manufacture and launch of Shenzhou series space equipment, one day you will definitely take the lunar module made in China and set foot on the mysterious moon. What will you do there and what will you find? Please expand your imagination, draw up your own topic and write a composition of about 500 words according to your existing knowledge. Write your own aspirations and feelings.

Reference answer

I. 1, b

2、(3)

3.① Metaphor is an important event that can be used as a symbol in the process of historical development; (2) The dry throat can't produce sound or the pronunciation is low and unclear; 3 full, full; ④ skeleton

4、①A②B③B④B⑤A

5.B 6, C 7 and Chengdu became atmospheric composition observation stations.

2.8.( 1) Nothing; (2) Only lay off talents.

9、D

Not long after 10 and (1), the high wall (appeared again) and the low wall (on the city) continued for six or seven miles, and it was actually a city. Soon, when the wind stopped, everything disappeared except a tall building, which pointed straight at Han Xiao.

1 1, the appearance of solitary tower palace; The city wall appears; Dangerous houses appear; When the dangerous house disappeared, everything went up in smoke.

12, the change of mountain city, solitary tower palace, dangerous city building, high-rise building, high-rise building invisible.

13、D

Three. ( 1)

14, we can also infer the weather according to the brilliant phenomenon on the cloud.

15, the same point: they are all round. Difference: Halo appears on cirrostratus in different places, while China appears on the edge of cumulus. Apertures are arranged in different colors, such as infrared violet in halo and ultraviolet red in pear.

16、

Omitted 17,

Generation and distribution of light names and color weather signs

Halos are produced on cirrus clouds and distributed around the sun and the moon. The infrared purple solar halo is the third rain, and the lunar halo is the noon wind.

China is produced at the edge of cumulus, and the ultraviolet red China ring changes from small to large and thin. The garland grew from small to large and turned rainy.

The rainbow after the storm, on the cloud curtain opposite the sun, the colorful arc-shaped east rainbow thunders and the west rainbow rains.

In the morning and evening, the sun shines on the opposite cloud and turns red. It rains in the east and clears up in the west in the evening.

18, people sometimes need to move in the wild and sometimes encounter accidents. Learn to look at clouds and know that the weather is good. You can agree with this statement. As long as what you say is reasonable and reasonable, you can give points. )

(2) 19, how to pursue the immortality of life (or "somatic cells").

20. Cancer cells and germ cells can divide indefinitely (or "live forever, die without getting old").

2 1. The author thinks that hayflick's viewpoint is very valuable in revealing the mystery of immortality, but he is not sure whether he has completely and profoundly revealed all the mysteries, so he uses the word "maybe". ("I think this view needs further study and verification" and "the mechanism of immortalization of germ cells and cancer cells has not been fully understood, so this view cannot be fully affirmed" can also be used as reasons. The concrete example listed in the first paragraph is that Haila has been dead for many years, but her cancer cells can live forever. The author cites the example of Hella's cancer cells living forever to show that life (or "cancer cells") does not necessarily age and die automatically.

The purpose of this experiment is to explore the possibility that somatic cells exchange genetic information with the outside world and thus divide indefinitely. Somatic cells can only divide about 50 times in a lifetime, and then they will age and die, while the experimental nerve cells (one of somatic cells) have divided 100 times, which shows that the direction of discussion is correct.

(3) 24. Types of stars and their respective characteristics.

25、C

26. They are all hot and huge gas balls, and they are all glowing.

27. "This" refers to: stars; "These" refer to: many red stars; "this kind" means: there are also some stars; "These" refer to: medium-sized stars.

Fourth, omit 28