Lily's Mid-Autumn Moon (Su Shi)

Introduction to the platform, channel and anchor of "Poetry and Books" and the highlights shared by Lily in the past

The golden wind is cool, the bright moon is in the sky, and the Mid-Autumn Festival with the most pleasant climate in a year is here. In this issue, let's enjoy Su Shi's Mid-Autumn Festival.

Appreciation of Su Shi's Moon Appreciation in Mid-Autumn Festival

? The entering tone words in the picture are represented by a small black dot, which is hidden in the lower right corner of each entering tone word. You can practice your detective skills and see if you can find it soon. After finding all the entering tones, you can play the game of "marking": draw a horizontal line on all the entering tones, that is, the upper tone and the lower tone. The meaning of this symbol is flat, but it must be noted that some words with one or two tones are actually Rusheng words, which should be marked as Rusheng words! Then draw a vertical line on all tones, that is, three tones, four tones and entering tones. This symbol stands for tone. If you can't label yourself, it doesn't matter. You can find every symbol representing flat tone according to the pictures I shared, and mark it on your poem according to it. But I strongly suggest that you challenge yourself and compare it with the photos.

Reciting, chanting and chanting are all good ways to experience the rhythm and rhythm of poetry in lamentation and singing! In chanting, you can unconsciously print the poems you have read in your mind and feel the beauty of the poems at the same time.

Mid-autumn moon, the four wonders of sunshine

After the Millennium, the weather turned cold obviously. When I came home from school, I sat at the window and did my homework. When the wind blew, I had to close the window because it was already cold. On the first day of school, sometimes it's still bright after I finish my homework, but my mother asks me to watch the sunset before I finish my homework. On the way home from school, the leaves on the roadside have begun to turn yellow ... just like Xie Yi, a Jiangxi poet and known as "Xie Die" in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his "Dianjiang Lip": "The autumn equinox is golden, and the autumn wind is clear and cold. The cold toad is covered in light. Cinnamon fragrance is in the distance. Su Lian took off her coat, and Xi 'an Zhan Ming managed to fly. Clothes are messy. Yinqiao people are scattered. Blow through the pipe. " The golden wind is cool, representing the arrival of the autumn equinox solar terms.

The autumnal equinox is the sixteenth of the twenty-four solar terms, and the fourth solar term in autumn is usually on September 22-24 every year. "Minute" is "half", and the autumnal equinox is more than half of autumn. "Spring and Autumn Stories Yin and Yang in and out" said: "The autumn equinox, Yin and Yang are also half-phase, so it is cold and summer day and night." When I shared Yang Pu's Tanabata poem with you, I said, "From beginning of autumn, the peak Yang will slowly start to decline, and the extreme Yin will slowly start to rise." The Yin accumulated from beginning of autumn has already begun to compete with the autumnal equinox Yang. The twenty-four solar terms also say: "The autumnal equinox is in the middle of August. Divide, half also. This is 90 days and a half, so it is divided. " These records tell us that the "autumnal equinox" has two meanings: First, in ancient China, the four seasons were divided according to beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter, and the autumnal equinox was in the middle of 90 days in autumn, and the autumn was divided equally; 2. At this time, 24 hours a day are divided equally, each 12 hours. Modern science tells us that the autumnal equinox and the vernal equinox are the same, and the sun shines almost directly at the equator. After the autumnal equinox, the direct point of the sun continued to move from the equator to the southern hemisphere, and the days in the northern hemisphere began to shorten and the nights became longer, that is, the days in a day began to be shorter than the nights; The southern hemisphere is the opposite.

As the saying goes, "the Millennium is divided into two, one night is cold, and the other night is cold." After the autumnal equinox, the cooling rate is obviously accelerated. The three stages of the autumnal equinox can also reflect this feature. The first sign of the autumnal equinox is "the thunder begins to stop". The ancients thought that "February thundered in the sun, August thundered in the shade, and everything went into the ground", that is to say, thunder thundered because the yang was strong and the shade began to flourish after the autumnal equinox, so it stopped thundering. The second period of the autumnal equinox is the "blank households with insect stings". "Blank" refers to unburned bricks, pottery, etc. Note in the Book of Rites: Blankness is beneficial to the home of its acupoints, making the light a little smaller and cold, and it is also the land of Kinsey se. In other words, due to the cold weather, dormant insects began to hide in caves and sealed the hole with fine mud to prevent the cold from invading. "The Book of Songs July Wind" also wrote that "the dome smothers the rats and blocks the households. Oh, my wife and son say they want to change their age and enter this room. " It also describes the phenomenon of "empty households", but it is not a worm, but a situation in which farmers paste the north-facing windows and leaking door panels with mud to prepare for the winter. The third period of the autumnal equinox is "the water begins to dry up". "The Book of Rites" notes: "What water is made of gas? It comes in spring and summer, so it is long, and it comes in autumn and winter, so it is dry." In other words, at this time, the rainfall in the autumn equinox season began to decrease. Due to the dry weather, water vapor evaporates rapidly, the water volume of lakes and rivers decreases, and some swamps and puddles dry up.

It is worth mentioning that this year's "Autumn Equinox" will usher in the first "China Farmers' Harvest Festival" in China: on June 2065438+2 1 day, 2008, the State Council issued an official reply on the establishment of "China Farmers' Harvest Festival", so from this year on, the autumn equinox of the lunar calendar will be "China Farmers' Harvest Festival" every year.

Wu Men Huikai, a Zen master in the Song Dynasty, has two famous poems, "There are flowers in spring, a moon in autumn, a cool breeze in summer and snow in winter". In ancient poetry, "spring flowers and autumn moon" always appear together. All the year round, every season has its beauty, and the most beautiful thing in autumn is the bright moon on the horizon. For the ancients, "heaven, earth, sun and moon" are all powerful and mysterious forces, which are extremely important to the ancients. So how would the ancients treat such an important and mysterious thing? The ancients would give them sacrifices, because sacrifices were the most important to the ancients. According to historical records, as early as the Zhou Dynasty, ancient emperors had the custom of offering sacrifices to the sun at the vernal equinox, to the earth at the summer solstice, to the moon at the autumnal equinox, and to heaven at the winter solstice. Its places of worship are called Ritan, Ditan, Yuetan and Tiantan. It is located in four directions: southeast and northwest. Therefore, the most important custom of the autumnal equinox is "offering sacrifices to the moon". The moon is cloudy, autumn is cloudy, and the autumn moon is particularly bright, so the ancients sacrificed to the autumn moon. Autumn corresponds to gold and west in the five elements. This is why the "Moon Altar" in Beijing was built in the west.

In the Ming Dynasty, The Story of Beijing's Years Old described in detail the custom of worshipping the moon by Beijingers: "On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, people set up the symbol of the Moon Palace, and rabbits stood on it like people; Chen Guaguo was in court; The cake surface is painted with the moon palace toad rabbit; Men and women worship incense and burn it. " But have you noticed that what is recorded here is not the custom of the "autumnal equinox" solar terms, but the custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival. This is because, according to experts' research, the Mid-Autumn Festival was originally scheduled on the day of the autumnal equinox, but because the day of August in the lunar calendar is different every year, there may not be a full moon. Of course, the Mid-Autumn Festival is the most suitable on the fourth day of the full moon, so the Mid-Autumn Festival was later transferred from the Autumn Equinox to the Mid-Autumn Festival. Of course, formal sacrifice is a matter for emperors and officials. Although ordinary folks don't have such a grand sacrifice, they will go to Yue Bai to enjoy the moon. The story of the famous diusim Yue Bai in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms can be said to be the embodiment of this custom. So far, there are many historical sites in China, such as the Yue Bai Altar, the Moon Pavilion and the Moon Tower. It was once a scenic spot for the ancient people in Yue Bai to enjoy the moon. Although people in Yue Bai are no longer in Yue Bai, people still enjoy the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which can be said to be the heritage of this custom.

Speaking of Mid-Autumn Festival, everyone is of course familiar with it. Mid-Autumn Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Spring Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day are also called the four traditional festivals in China. Because they are exactly half of Sanqiu, they are named Mid-Autumn Festival. Because this festival falls on August 15, it is also called "August Festival" and "August and a half". Because the main activities of the Mid-Autumn Festival are all around the moon, it is also commonly known as the "Moon Festival" and "Moon Festival". The full moon in Mid-Autumn Festival symbolizes reunion, so it is also called "Reunion Festival". As mentioned earlier, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a festival developed from the "Autumn Equinox Sacrificing the Moon", so generally speaking, the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Autumn Equinox are very close in time. The core of Mid-Autumn Festival custom is around the "moon", such as offering sacrifices to the moon, Yue Bai, enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes. Moreover, Bagui smells of flowers, so people will enjoy osmanthus flowers and drink osmanthus wine during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Maybe there are osmanthus trees in the Moon Palace, and the legends of WU GANG chopping osmanthus and the moon taking it away are all like this.

So how did the ancients worship the moon or Yue Bai? "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" also said: "On August 15th, the moon was sacrificed, the cakes were round, the melons were wrongly divided, and the petals were carved with lotus flowers. ..... people who marry their relatives in the province will return to their husband's family one day. This is the so-called reunion festival ". The custom described in the New Notes of Drunken Weng is: "Children of Qingcheng family, regardless of wealth, can go to the twelfth or thirteenth class on their own. They are all decorated with the eyes of adults, and they burn incense upstairs or in the atrium in Yue Bai, each with its own direction; Men are willing to go to themoon early and climb the fairy laurel. ..... Women want to look like Chang 'e and be as round as the bright moon ". From these descriptions, we can see that in the Mid-Autumn Festival, every household will set up a big incense table and put on moon cakes, watermelons, apples, red dates, plums, grapes and other sacrifices, among which moon cakes and watermelons are absolutely indispensable, and watermelons will be cut into lotus shapes. Under the moon, put the moon statue in the direction of the moon, and the red candle burns high. The whole family takes turns in Yue Bai, and then the housewife cuts the reunion moon cakes. If people are laid off in advance, the number of people in the whole family will be counted, including those at home and those from other places. You can't lay off more or less, but the size should be the same.

Literati have a soft spot for the moon. They went upstairs to admire the moon, or invited the moon by boating, drank wine and wrote poems, leaving many well-known poems. Speaking of Mid-Autumn Festival poems, which one do you think of first? I'm afraid at least nine out of ten people will answer, "I wish people a long life and a thousand miles of good scenery." Indeed, Su Shi's poem "When will the bright moon shine?" Be praised as the first word of Mid-Autumn Festival by later generations. Hu Zai once commented on Dongpo's poems in Yu Yin Cong Ji Hou: "Since Dongpo's" Shuidiao Getou "came out, all the other words have been abandoned." This word has a small preface: "Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drinking happily, getting drunk, writing this article, traveling with children", among which "traveling with children" is the word of Su Shi's younger brother Su Zhe. This famous poem was written by Su Shi during Chen Bing's reign, that is, 1076, the Mid-Autumn Festival in Mizhou. At that time, he and his younger brother Su Zhe had not seen each other for seven years, so he wrote this poem after a night of drinking and getting drunk, which not only started imagination and thinking around the Mid-Autumn Festival full moon, but also integrated human joys and sorrows into the philosophical pursuit of the universe and life, expressing his nostalgia for his career. Interestingly, the moon in Su Shi's Mid-Autumn Festival is not just "When will there be a bright moon?"? Asking for wine from heaven ",but he also has three other well-known poems about the Mid-Autumn Festival, namely" Xijiang Moon, a Dream on Earth ","Niannujiao Mid-Autumn Festival "and" Yangguanqu, Twilight Clouds and Cold Clouds ".Every capital makes people applaud and I want to share them with you today.

Speaking of this song "The Twilight of Yangguanqu Overflows with Sunny Cold", do you think this topic is a bit like a word rather than a poem? I feel the same way myself. But the first time I came into contact with this poem was in Poems of a Thousand Families, where it was classified under the genre of "Seven Wonders" and the poem was named Mid-Autumn Moon. So I always thought it was a four-character poem, but when I was ready to share the information, I was surprised to find that many praises were all words. After understanding, I found that "Yangguanqu" is a epigraph name, which is named after the sentence "People have no reason to go out of Yangguan" in Wang Wei's "Send Yuaner to Anxi". In addition, the meter of this epigraph is written according to the meter of Wang Wei's Send Yuan 20 An Xi. And everyone knows that "Send Twenty-one Xi's to Yuan" is a four-line poem. Therefore, you can say that Su Shi's work is a poem as well as a word.

Just like when the moon will shine, the Mid-Autumn Moon is closely related to Su Shi's younger brother Su Zhe. In fact, when is the bright moon? The Su Shi brothers got a chance to reunite. After seven years of separation, the two brothers enjoyed the moon again, and their hearts were naturally filled with infinite joy. As a result, the two brothers were full of poems. Su Zhe wrote a Mid-Autumn Festival in Xuzhou with Mink Head, and Su Shi wrote this Mid-Autumn Festival.

"Xijiang Moon, a Dream on Earth" in Su Shi's four famous Mid-Autumn Moon Appreciation Sentences is also considered by some scholars as a choral work with Su Zhe to express brotherhood. Kong and Liu Shangrong added the title of "Mid-Autumn Festival in Xijiang and Ziyou" to Su Shi's Selected Poems. From these Mid-Autumn poems, we can see that the brotherhood between Su Shi and Su Zhe is extremely deep. Therefore, in order to better understand the feelings expressed in this poem, it is necessary to introduce the deepest brotherhood between Su Shi and Su Zhe in history.

How close are the two brothers? The Biography of Su Zhe in the History of Song Dynasty records: "The source of the advance and retreat of philosophers and brothers is the same. In times of trouble, they are friendly and have no shortage of resentment, which is rare in modern times. " Even the official history thinks that their brotherhood is rare in the world.

Su Shi is three years older than Su Zhe, and the two brothers have been suffering hand in hand since childhood. Su Shi and his younger brother comforted each other in grief, helped each other in disasters, often dreamed of each other and often wrote poems to each other. Su Dongpo is his brother's friend and teacher. He once wrote in a poem: "I know very little about my son's reasons, and my talent is harmonious and clear." As a brother, I am not alone, if I am a good friend. "Su Zhe wrote in Dongpo's epitaph," When you first enter public office, you should follow it. It is my brother who caresses me and the teacher who teaches me. "Su Shi thinks that his younger brother is quiet and smooth, and he is his virtuous friend. Su Zhe thinks that his brother is knowledgeable and is the teacher who teaches him.

Su Shi and Su Zhe are the same scholar, and they entered the official career in the same year. Their political thoughts are roughly the same. In the struggle for political reform, they advanced and retreated together, and in their later years they were exiled to the wild places in the south. Su Shi's prose is full of popularity, distinctive personality, untimely, informal, broad-minded and free and easy; Su Zhe is obviously complementary to him. His character is calm, reserved and unassuming. Su Shi, who is superior in the world, often gives advice to his brother, so his career is relatively flat.

Looking through their poetry collections, a large part is their mutual answers. Because the two places are separated, the two brothers often send books to Hongyan. Su Shi sent letters and poems to Su Zhe almost everywhere, especially when he was relegated in his later years, Su Zhe often wrote back. There are more than 100 poems by Su Shi, such as Stone Tour, Biezi Tour and Crane Tour. This is almost unique among literati in history.

In A.D. 106 1 year, Su Shi was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang House, and Su Zhe sent him to Zhengzhou. This is the first time that the two brothers broke up, and both of them are very sad. Su Zhe wrote a poem "Huai Mianchi sends his son to look forward to his brother": "Farewell, but I'm afraid the snow and mud are far away. Back to cycling, I'm still looking for the bridge, and the pedestrians have gone west. Have you ever been a county magistrate? On the wall of the old monk's house. The idea of traveling alone is beautiful, but it is speechless but screaming. " Su Shi echoed the famous poem "Nostalgia from Mianchi to He Zi": "What is life like everywhere? It should be like flying in the mud: fingers and claws occasionally stay in the mud, and Hong Fei is calculating things. The old monk is dead and has become a new tower. There is no reason to look at the old topic with a broken wall. I still remember whether it was rugged, the road was long and people were sleepy. "

? The biggest disaster Su Shi encountered in his life was Wutai Poetry Case, because some people framed his poems as satirizing the imperial court. Song Shenzong was furious and threw Su Shi into Yushitai prison, almost dying. As the saying goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed. After Su Shi went to prison, most of his friends were afraid to speak for him. Su Zhe was also deeply implicated, but he not only didn't complain at all, but also took his brother's family to his home to settle down, and wrote to Emperor Zongshen many times, willing to remove his official position and atone for his brother. Su Shi was tortured by the censor in prison, and once thought that he was born to die, so he wrote two desperate poems, including two sentences: "I am brothers with you in this life, and there is no reason for the next life." Their brotherhood is really touching!

Knowing Su Shi's brotherhood in Su Zhe era, we can deeply understand the feelings that Su Shi wants to express in this poem. Let's look at the poem itself.

"The twilight clouds are full of cold, and the silver-haired people silently turn to the jade plate." "Twilight cloud" refers to the clouds at night, overflowing with moonlight like water. Cold means clarity and cold. Han Yin refers to the Milky Way, and the tracts are metaphors of the moon. Night arrival, the clouds are gone, the whole world is cold, the milky way flows silently, and the bright moon turns to the horizon, just like a jade plate.

"This night is not long. Where will the bright moon look next year?" The beauty of this night in my life cannot be kept forever. Where to enjoy the moon next year? Although the sentence is very simple, it naturally and smoothly expresses everyone's feelings and has become an immortal sentence that has been passed down through the ages.

The first sentence of this poem is "it is especially bright from the moonlight to the Mid-Autumn Festival", but it is not written directly from the moonlight, but from the "twilight cloud", with twists and turns. The bright moon is covered by clouds first, and once the "twilight clouds are exhausted", it feels more clear. There is no literal meaning such as "moonlight" and "water" in the sentence, but words such as "overflow" and "cold" are all interesting in moonlight like water, and they are all empty and bright with water.

There are few moons and stars, and the Milky Way is far away. Silent Silver Man is more than simple realism. It seems that the Milky Way should have sound, but it is "silent" because it is far away, and the feeling of the sky is vast. Followed by a word "turn". In ancient times, the word "turn" was used when writing that time moved forward secretly, slowly and unconsciously, also to highlight the situation that time secretly passed when enjoying the moon. The bright moon hanging in the sky is like a "white jade plate" This statement naturally reminds us of Li Bai's Gulangyu: "I didn't know the moon when I was young, so I called it Bai Yupan." Here, the metaphor of "jade plate" is used to write the beautiful feeling of the moon. The word "turn" not only gives it magical movement, but also implies its roundness. Those who don't write two words about enjoying the moon are pleasing to the eye and people are comfortable in it.

The full moon is more worthy of brothers' reunion. No wonder the poet should admire the "goodness" of "this life and this life". In this sense, "this night in my life is not good" is a good opportunity. You should enjoy it and live up to the meaning of this night. However, just as the bright moon is still round, life is hard to meet and easy to separate. The separation of brothers is just around the corner, and the poet can't help but sigh the brevity of "this life and this life". In this sense, "this life is not a good night" directly leads to the feelings of the last sentence. To say "where to see the bright moon next year" certainly means "not necessarily next year", which is an expression of "sadness". At the same time, "where to look" is not only a question for the other party, but also a question for yourself, which actually implies the feeling of drifting. The last two sentences "This is the night of my life" are opposite to "Yue Ming next year", and the two words overlap. The word "Ming" in "Yue Ming" is the same as the word "Ming" in "Next Year", but the meaning is different, but the antithesis is more skillful, which is really ingenious and natural. Coupled with "bad" and "where to look", singing and answering questions will produce endless feelings.

This poem comes down to other feelings from the beauty of moonlight to the joy of "full moon", from the night of that year to the Mid-Autumn Festival next year. The image is condensed, the realm is lofty, and the language is beautiful and meaningful, which perfectly embodies the brotherhood between Su Shi and Su Zhe.

Reference feedback topic of Su Shi's Mid-Autumn Festival Moon Appreciation

1. Through my introduction to the solar term "autumnal equinox", can you guess what the vernal equinox is?

2. Do you know anything about the Tiantan, Ditan, Ritan and Moon Altar in Beijing? May I introduce you?

Did you go to watch the moon this Mid-Autumn Festival? Do you know any other places to enjoy the moon in China?

Besides enjoying the moon, Yue Bai and offering sacrifices to the moon, do you know any other customs about Mid-Autumn Festival? Do you know some legends related to Mid-Autumn Festival?

5. What do you know about the gifted scholar Su Shi? In addition to Su Shi and Su Zhe, do you know that there are brothers in history who are deeply affectionate and equally talented?

6. Can you share a work about Mid-Autumn Festival that was not written by Su Shi?

? reference data

The deepest brotherhood in history: Su Shi and Su Zhe

Good Brothers for Life —— On the Brotherhood between Su Shi and Su Zhe

The moon in Mid-Autumn Festival is too hard.

Four Classic Mid-Autumn Poems by Su Shi

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