Development of grid technology

1. 1.3. 1 Domestic Grid Research Status

The research on grid computing in China began with 1998, and the key technologies are not far from those abroad. 1999 ~ 2000, a major project of "national high-performance computing environment" was established, and grid system software and a number of grid application software were developed, forming the embryonic form of national high-performance computing environment, namely grid. In 2002, China government set up a special grid project in the "863" plan, and began to build China National Grid, China Academy of Sciences Vega Grid, China Education and Research Grid and Spatial Information Application Grid. At present, the above-mentioned power grids and other industrial power grids have been put into use.

1.1.3.1.1China State Grid.

China State Grid is a major project supported by the National "863" Plan, and it is a new generation of information infrastructure experiment with high performance computing and transaction processing capabilities (Cheng Boqun et al., 2010; Liu Hong, 2009). Scientific research, resources and environment, advanced manufacturing and information services are effectively supported through resource sharing, collaborative work and service mechanisms. Promoting the national informatization construction and the development of related industries with technological innovation.

CN Grid takes Dawning 4000 A and Lenovo Shen Teng 6800, two grid-oriented high-performance computers independently developed by China, as its main resources, and consists of 10 grid nodes distributed all over the country (Liu Hong, 2009). Two of the main nodes are located in the Computer Network Information Center and Shanghai Supercomputing Center, and the other nodes are located in Tsinghua University, Beijing Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Xi Jiaotong University, China University of Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong University and Hong Kong University. CN Grid integrates computing, storage, data, software and other resources of each node through special self-developed grid software, realizes resource sharing and collaborative work, and forms a grid environment for scientific research, technology development and application demonstration. China State Grid will provide high-performance computing, resource sharing and collaborative work capabilities; Build a number of large-scale industry application grids in scientific research, environmental resources, manufacturing and service industries; Develop high-performance computers for grid computing, equip grid nodes, and promote the research and industrialization of high-performance computers in China; The core technology of grid represented by grid software is studied, and a number of key technologies are broken through in grid architecture and grid software, grid application technology, grid service mode, grid security, grid management and operation mechanism. Promote the process of power grid industrialization.

Chinese Academy of Sciences 1. 1.3. 1.2 "Grid-Vega".

Vega Grid is mainly undertaken by Computing Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, including five parts: knowledge grid, information grid, service grid, basic research and grid operating system. Compared with other grid research projects at home and abroad, the biggest feature of Vega Grid is the concept of service grid (Liu Hong, 2009).

The basic idea of Vega grid architecture is to regard the grid as a virtual supercomputer system, which integrates the design methods of existing computer systems, that is, to regard the grid as a virtual computer system with a single system image. Based on this, Vega Grid will also include hardware, system software and application programs, and its architecture will be divided into three levels, namely, hardware layer, operating system layer and application layer. Grid hardware includes widely distributed computing resources, such as high-performance computers, expensive instruments and interconnected systems; Grid operating system is a system software developed based on grid hardware, which completes resource management, data management, protocol processing and provides application programming interface. Grid application layer provides an integrated and transparent usage mode for grid users (Xu Zhiwei et al., 2002).

1. 1.3. 1.3 China Education and Research Grid.

China Education and Research Grid aims to realize the sharing platform of information technology resources, information resources and all online instruments and equipment based on CERNet, including various sensors, electron microscopes and other experimental equipment. The first batch of 12 institutions of higher learning including Tsinghua University, Peking University, East China University of Science and Technology and Beihang University participated. China Grid, a campus computer grid platform, aggregates the computing power of 12 universities, which has exceeded 12 trillion times. * * Based on the grid support platform of China, five professional grid systems, such as graphics processing grid, biological information grid, online grid of university courses, computational fluid dynamics grid and big data information processing grid, have been developed. China Grid is the first grid middleware support platform of CGSP that follows the international open OGSR standard framework and refers to WSRF specification. Becoming the main manufacturer of standard bricks in China power grid has attracted the attention of academic and technical circles at home and abroad.

1. 1.3. 1.4 spatial information application grid

At present, the application grids related to spatial information in China mainly include National Geological Survey Grid, Scientific Data Grid and China Meteorological Application Grid.

The National Geological Survey Grid is the research result of the project "Resource and Environment Application Grid Construction (No.:2002a104220)" supported by the national "863" program. Based on the National Geological Survey, the system introduces the concept of grid, and takes grid as the technical support system to develop a professional application system based on WEB technology, so as to realize the interconnection, resource sharing and collaborative work of all application levels in the field. Mainly completed the design and deployment of the whole grid system framework, put forward the architecture of the national geological survey application grid system, developed the application grid service platform based on VEGA, and established the resource and environment application grid system (Zhang Lizhong, 2006, Tang Yu et al., 2003).

Scientific Data Grid (SDG) is a platform and application environment for large-scale distributed heterogeneous data resources based on the massive data resources in the scientific database of China Academy of Sciences, and connecting more than 40 research institutes distributed all over the country with advanced data grid technology. In the process of development, scientific data grid has been supported by many scientific research funds, such as the Tenth Five-Year Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the 863 Plan of Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Science and Technology Infrastructure Platform of Ministry of Science and Technology, and the major research plan of Natural Science Foundation. The first edition (SDG 1.0) of the scientific data grid software package was released in June 5438+February 2003, the second edition (SDG2.0) was released in June 5438+February 2004, and the third edition (SDG2. 1) was released in August 2005.

China Meteorological Application Grid (CMAG) is a research project supported by the 863 Major Project. Its goal is to develop numerical weather forecasting software and its supporting software based on grid technology based on the research results of the Tenth Five-Year National Key Science and Technology Project "Research on Technical Innovation of Meteorological Numerical Forecasting System in China". Study the massive processing technology of observation data and numerical forecast meteorological data, and realize remote access of massive meteorological data sets through grid application; Using the comprehensive meteorological information network and high-performance computing resources of China Meteorological Bureau, the China meteorological grid platform covering regional meteorological centers was established in 2005, which provided an environment for the industry to carry out innovative research on numerical forecasting technology, realized the interconnection, resource sharing and collaborative work of numerical forecasting application layers, and gradually formed meteorological grid technical standards to guide the modernization of business systems of China Meteorological Bureau (Chen Dehui et al., 2003; Yang Xuesheng et al., 2005; Zhang Weimin et al., 2007).

1. 1.3.2 Research Status of Foreign Power Grid

In recent years, large-scale power grid projects have been carried out from developed countries such as the United States, Europe and Japan to developing countries such as India, and they have received strong support from the industry. All the information technology powers in the world are aware of the huge expansion role and grand development prospect of grid technology, and put the development of grid technology at a strategic height, investing huge sums of money, trying to seize the commanding heights of grid technology and gain new competitive advantages. The US government has spent 500 million dollars on the basic research of grid technology (Jiulin Sun et al., 2002). Grid projects funded by NSF include NPACI grid and TeraGrid (Catlett et al., 2007, Thomas et al., 2003). The US military pays more attention to grid technology. Besides the IPC grid project supported by NASA, it also plans to implement a giant grid project called "Global Information Grid". Major IT companies in the United States, such as Sun, IBM, Oracle and HP, have also invested a lot of money in grid research.

The European Data Grid (DEG) is a large-scale international research and technology development project, led by CERN (European Particle Physics Laboratory of the European Organization for Nuclear Research). In addition, it also includes five major partners, namely ESA (European Space Agency), CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), INFN, NIKHEF of the Netherlands and PPAC of the United Kingdom, as well as 15 related research institutions in European countries (Segal et al., 2003). The data grid is mainly aimed at the high-energy physics application of CERN, which solves the problem of decomposition, storage and processing of massive data, provides a collaborative environment that breaks through geographical restrictions, and allows staff distributed all over the world to interact, * * * enjoy data and equipment, and * * * conduct scientific research.

Japan is the first country in Asia to carry out grid research. Japan's Data Fanm grid project is mainly used for the analysis and processing of high-energy physics experimental data with Per-abyte data volume, which is connected with the European data grid. Japan has also established IT Basic Laboratory (ITBL), Tokyo University Network, Osaka University Bio-Grid Center, Electronic U Science Program (Building Supercomputer Network) and other programs, such as the development of network computer technology program and international research grid program (NAGEGI) commercial grid computers, and allocated funds year by year to promote grid technology research.

One of Korea's power grid plans is N Grid, a project supported by the Ministry of Information and Communication of Korea. The goal of N Grid is to establish a national grid in Korea, including computing grid, data grid, access grid and application grid. It connects Korean supercomputers with high-performance clusters, establishes application test platforms, application portals and develops specific applications.

India developed I Grid during the tenth five-year development plan. It is mainly connected by seven famous academic institutions, such as Advanced Computing Development Center, Indian Institute of Technology and Indian Institute of Science, to play the role of resource sharing with the concept of grid.