On Su Shi's Prose Creation in Danzhou Period

On Su Shi's Prose Creation in Danzhou Period

Paper Keywords: Su Shi Danzhou prose

The relegation is the low point of Su Shi's life, but the optimistic and broad-minded Su Shi not only looks directly at life with a broad-minded mind, but also adopts various methods to make life colorful. In his works, Danzhou's local customs also show a different splendor.

On April 17, four years ago, Su Shi was ordered to leave Qiongzhou and move to Changhua Army for resettlement. On July 2 of the same year, Su Shi took his youngest son to the military surrender in Changhua, which is now Danzhou City, Hainan Province. In February of Fu Yuan's third year, Hui Zong ascended the throne and moved to Lianzhou for resettlement. In April, due to the favor of the prince, he was awarded the Zhou Shu Yingyong Agreement. On June 20th, Su Shi crossed the sea and left Hainan Island. So far, he has lived in Danzhou for nearly three years. According to Su Shi's Chronicle, there are 93 articles (excluding letters) that Su Shi relegated to Danzhou, of which 9 1 was included, and the other 2 were supplemented by Su Tie in Wanxiangtang.

? Compared with Huizhou prose, Danzhou prose not only has obvious changes in genre, but also has great differences in content. As far as genre is concerned, there are no poems in Huizhou, but there are six at this time; There are only 1 historical comments in Huizhou, but there are as many as 19 in this period. As far as content is concerned, the biggest difference comes from the change of genre, that is, the number of historical critical words has greatly increased, which constitutes a bright color of Danzhou's articles.

? There is no doubt that the changes in the genre and content of Danzhou's essays have a lot to do with Su Shi's demotion to Hainan. This relegation is the most serious of Su Shi's three relegations in his life, and it is also the most tragic one in Yuan You and party member. Although Su Shi was able to face the hardships of life with a calm and broad-minded attitude when he was demoted to Huizhou, being demoted to Jiangnan again brought a lot of shock and pain to Su Shi's mind. He said in "Thanks to Changhua Army":? I am old and helpless, and I was attacked. Children and grandchildren are crying by the river and have already left death. Charm is highly respected overseas, and they prefer to live. ? His life is hopeless and pessimistic, which is much more real than in Huizhou.

? When living in Hainan, Su Shi was 62 years old, and Su Guo was the only one around him. Life is another bleak scene: Eat without meat, get sick without medicine, live without room, have no friends, have no charcoal in winter, and have no cold in summer? . In this case, how to look at the future life and how to grasp the rest of life is the only thing Su Shi can do in his later years. Dongpo is Dongpo, which impressed future generations the most. Even if his life is running out, even if fate drives him into a corner, he can still face life with a positive and optimistic attitude. He said in the book "Hainan local conditions and customs":

? The weather in Lingnan is low and humid, and the atmosphere is steaming, especially in Hainan. At the turn of summer and autumn, everything decays. Man is not a stone,

? How long can it last? However, there are many old people in Bohr, often over 100 years old, but 80-90 years old. But knowing that life is uncertain,

? If you learn well, all ice silkworm fire rats can be born.

Despite the harsh environment in Lingnan, there are many elderly people in their 80s and 90s. This phenomenon strengthened Su Shi's confidence in continuing his life. Since they can adapt to this environment, why can't I? His idea also broke the secular concept, that is, the place of sorrow destroys life.

? Su Shi not only looks directly at life with a broad mind, but also adopts various methods to enrich and enrich life. First of all, treat extremely scarce and bland food with evaluation. For example, the book turtle breath method has shown that gluttony fu, millet and wheat theory and vegetable soup fu. "Preface to Vegetable Soup" goes:? Mr Dongpo lives at the foot of Nanshan, and the tableware is used to call home. The smell of land and water can't be caused by poverty. Boiled radish and reed are bitter and can be eaten. Its method has natural flavor, no acyl sauce, easy to cover and can be eaten often, so it is given. ? Under the existing extremely difficult living conditions, using new cooking methods to make food delicious will undoubtedly add some color to the plain life. Secondly, using local conditions to collect drugs extensively is also a part of Su Shi's life in Danzhou. The short notes such as Sea, Debating and Sticking, Records of Xanthium sibiricum, Shen Sidan's Theory and Records of Zhi Yi are all true records of Su Shi's research and drug abuse during his stay in Wei. Finally, writing books is also an important part of Su Shi's life in Danzhou. According to the Analects of Confucius, Su Shi completed Shu Zhuan, Shu Zhuan and The Analects of Confucius when he was in Danzhou. In addition, he also wrote some systematic historical comments, which is also the most obvious part of Danzhou's writings. According to Postscript of Shao Shi and Wen Jian, Su Shufang spoke for Ye, and Mr. Dongpo wanted to write hundreds of Zhi Lin at the beginning, but only 13 made him sick. 1 Volume 5 of Su Shi's Collected Works is the content of 13. Among them, On Fan Li and On Wu Zixu are divided into two parts. Plus "On Song Xianggong" and "On Stone Evil" Volume 4, * * * a total of 16.

? Su Shi's 65,438+06 historical comments tend to focus on historical figures or specific historical events, such as comments on Guan Zhong, Confucius and Zhou. In view of these historical figures and events, Su Shi often puts forward some unique and novel personal views instead of blindly following the traditional abstract moral standards. For example, in On King Wu, what do you think of Mencius' attempt to cover up King Wu's regicide? Isn't King Wu a saint? . Historically, after the King of Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he made his son Wu Genglu as the Yin father, and asked his younger brother Guan Shu to offer and Cai Shu to follow his father. Su Shi believes that killing the father, sealing the son, the son is not a human being, so he can, and if the son has fruit, he will die. King Wu personally beheaded Wu Geng with Huang Yue, so that he could be sealed up and not rebel. Is he really human again? ? 2? In other words, King Wu put Wu Geng in a dilemma. On the one hand, King Wu ruined the life of Shang Zhouwang, the father of Wu Geng. On the other hand, as a courtier, Wu Geng had to submit to King Wu. Therefore, Wu Geng had only two choices, either insurrection and betrayal or suicide like Yin Zina, the son of Chu Ling. In this way, Su Shi revealed the inevitable connection between Wu Geng's rebellion and Wu Wang's destruction of business from the ethical point of view.

? Not only that, Su Shi also thought that although Shang Zhouwang had no way to kill him, but King Wu didn't? On behalf of business? Necessity. How to treat a bad king like Shang Zhouwang first? End up with an exam, or die in chaos? You can even persuade him to change. If you don't mend it, will the Yin people become kings? . It is not advisable for soldiers to take it, let it go and kill it. What a saint should do is: There is no monarch in the world, and there are saints who come out, and the world belongs to them, and saints are obliged. ? This breaks the moral interpretation in the Confucian tradition, doesn't it? Is it to solve the problem of Li people hanging upside down? Instead, it restored the true colors of the king regicide.

? Then, Su Shi explained why the King of Wu sealed Wu Geng in Yin, instead of taking his life directly, as he did with Shang Zhouwang. Su Shi thinks? Yin doesn't attack Zhou, Zhou attacks it and punishes its monarch. When a vassal loses his country, he will be unhappy, so he named Wu Geng as a consolation. ? In other words, the reason why Wu Geng was named Yin was to appease the vassals and ensure the stability of the throne. On the King of Wu is not only a clear-cut historical theory, but also a well-organized argument logic. Moreover, this understanding of history is closer to the truth of history because it has stripped the veil of Confucian morality.

? Several other historical papers are equally wonderful. For example, in Han Li Xuan Chuan, it is said that Meng Zhen, Li Si, Zhao Gao and Hu Hai went on patrol with Qin Shihuang. On the way, Qin Shihuang fell ill and sent Meng Wei to worship the mountains and rivers. Before Meng Yi came back, Qin Shihuang died. Reese and Zhao Gao founded Hu Hai. At that time, both Meng Tian and Fu Su dominated the main force of the Qin Dynasty, and they had the strength to compete with Hu Hai and Zhao Gao, but they accepted the fake imperial edict, which eventually led to their demise. Why is this? Su Shi believes that Qin law has always been strict. Order a ban? This has become a custom. Another example is "On Zhou"? Zhou miscalculated, who didn't move eastward? Because the foundation of the Zhou Dynasty was in An, moving the capital to Luoyang was like selling your farmhouse and losing a place to live. In a word, Su Shi's historical papers can often grasp some inevitable factors through some accidental historical events, which is more convincing than pure theoretical preaching.

? In addition to the above aspects, Su Shi's description of Danzhou customs is also quite interesting. Did he see the locals? If you don't drink medicine when you are sick, you must pray for witch doctors to take medicine when you kill cattle. ("Liu Shu and Niu Zihou Fu") is backward. I deeply feel that if it goes on like this, it will neither cure the disease nor affect production. So he wrote a letter to the monks and Taoists in Qiongzhou, hoping to persuade the local elders to change this bad habit of superstitious ghosts and gods. At that time, Danzhou still retained some traces of matriarchal clan society: sitting in the wind, standing by men and women, and men going in and out as gateway girls? (Du Zimei's poem), that is, men do housework and women go out to make a living. For this custom, Su Shi often persuaded the local people, hoping to change it.

? Throughout Su Shi's articles in Danzhou, it is difficult to summarize their contents or characteristics in a few words. Its type is very complicated. Writing for many people? . Compared with Huangzhou and Huizhou, the theme is wider.

Zazie Hoko

refer to

? [1][ Song] Written by Su Shi, Confucius, Poems of Su Shi, Zhonghua Book Company, 1982.

? [2][ Yuan] Waiting, History of Song Dynasty, Zhonghua Book Company, 1983.

? [3][ Song] book, edited, recorded after the hearing of Shaw, Zhonghua Book Company, 1983.

? [4][ Song] Written by Su Shi, Confucius, Collected Works of Su Shi, Zhonghua Book Company, 1986.

? [5] Kong Zhu, Su Shi Chronicle, Zhonghua Book Company, 1998.

Papers related to access: graduation thesis model, computer graduation thesis, graduation thesis format, administrative management thesis, graduation thesis;