Germany could not defeat the Soviet Union in the end. How terrible is Germany after the defeat?

The battlefield is changing rapidly, and there will be situations where you have the advantage for a moment but one move is not enough to lose the game. During World War II, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, but when it attacked Moscow, it lost everything. Why did Germany, which had an advantage in previous wars, finally lose to the Soviet Union? As the aggressor who started the war, he was finally defeated. You can imagine how miserable his situation will be after the defeat, but to what extent?

Why did Germany finally defeat the Soviet Union?

The Barbarossa Plan was the code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II. The plan was drafted and directed by paulus, then General Staff of the German Army 1 Minister of Munitions, and was completed at the end of August 1940. Originally named "Otto" plan, it was changed to "Barbarossa" in February of 1940 and 65438+. The whole campaign began on June 22nd, 194 1. The plan is to quickly conquer the western territory of the Soviet Union as far north as Arkhangelsk and as far south as astrakhan. "Barbarossa" comes from the nickname "Barbarossa" of Frederick I, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. In the first few months of the battle of Jinzhong Window, the Germans used the blitzkrieg tactics that had won a great victory in western Europe before, swept most of the plains in eastern Europe, and annihilated millions of Soviet Red Army with clumsy tactics, showing unparalleled brilliant art of war, but it was still blocked in the battle of Moscow, leading to the failure of Barbarossa's plan.

Reasons for Germany's failure:

1, the primary reason is the weather. The weather in the Soviet Union turned cold, and fighting in extremely cold weather made German soldiers unacceptable, and many soldiers even froze to death. It's thirty or forty degrees below zero, and even the bolt is frozen, so it can't be pulled at all.

2. Germany's resources and industrial base are not as good as that of the Soviet Union. Although the performance and firepower of German tanks are better than that of the Soviet Union, the production speed of Germany is much slower than that of the Soviet Union, and the ultimate goal is the comprehensive strength of the country. No matter its population, natural resources or industrial base, Germany can't support it to fight for a long time, especially to fight on both sides at the same time.

3. The Soviet Union's own military mobilization ability. In the early 1930s, the Red Army implemented the "invisible division" system. It successfully saved the Soviet Union in World War II. This system has been used to this day. This system, which enables the Soviet Union to rapidly expand its forces, is very simple and reliable, and does not consume any material resources. In peacetime, every teacher has two deputies. One of them is a regular deputy teacher, and the other is only part of the responsibilities of the window of Jinzhong. He also has another secret position: the second strength teacher. Division chief of staff (colonel rank) and two deputy, are lieutenant colonel. One of them also has a secret position: chief of staff of the second army division. The same is true for every regiment. Each battalion has a battalion commander (lieutenant colonel) and a deputy battalion commander. The deputy battalion commander has a secret position: battalion commander of the second army. A new army will be formed soon.

How terrible Germany was after the defeat.

The "hungry winter" almost destroyed Germany.

The winter that began at 1946 resulted in 654.38+million deaths and millions of injuries.

Hitler once said that if his army could not win the final victory, then he and the whole Germany would fall into an endless abyss. The prediction of Nazi "Fuehrer" quickly became a reality after World War II. The completely destroyed Germany ushered in the coldest winter of the last century at the end of 1946. Hundreds of thousands of people died of hunger and cold, and even the country was in a state of "destruction". Recently, German national TV 1 and Pictorial revealed the truth of this "hungry winter".

Tens of millions of Germans were expelled from Eastern Europe.

After the war, Germany's gross national product was less than half of that before the war. Urban and rural residents are faced with hundreds of millions of cubic meters of rubble and ruins. The first problem faced by survivors is survival. Women shoulder the heavy responsibility of overcoming the shortage of materials and cleaning up the ruins, because most men died on the battlefield, and more than half of the surviving Germans were held in prison camps.

In order to survive, 20-year-old Inge also joined the team of "women workers in ruins". Because the workers who clean up the ruins can get higher food quotas in addition to their wages. She works every day, taking a break for breakfast 15 minutes and a half-hour break for lunch. She is very tired and very hard. Inge lives with her mother and grandfather in a broken house full of holes. Many of their neighbors are war refugees from Eastern Europe. After the war, Poland, Hungary and other Eastern European countries expelled German minorities in succession, with the number exceeding 6,543,800,000. Edelman, the hero of the Warsaw Jewish uprising, once said in an interview: "Germans paid the price for their policies, especially their support for Hitler, one of which was expulsion."

L Some people can't stand the pain, have a serious mental breakdown and lose their values. People who can't afford cigarettes follow foreign soldiers and foreigners to pick up cigarette butts they throw away; There are also some German girls who hook up with allied soldiers in exchange for chocolate and dry food packages from nylon stockings or the US military to supplement their families. 1946 10 The cold wave invading from the Arctic and Siberia began to sweep across Germany, and the temperature gradually dropped. However, like the Engel family, almost all families in Germany have no heating and electricity, and the threat of severe cold is becoming more and more serious.

1June, 947, the temperature suddenly dropped to MINUS 20 degrees. And the average person's ultimate tolerance is only negative 15 degrees. Snow drifts caused by heavy snow and strong winds completely interrupted traffic in some places. All rivers and canals in northern and western Germany were frozen and navigable, and the limited transportation industry put into use after the war was interrupted. This reduced the industrial output of1early October 1947 1/4. The coal supply stopped, forcing many enterprises, factories, schools and other state facilities to temporarily close.

16% of babies die in the first year.

When the traffic is normal, Germans can get at most 1500 calories of food every day. At first, the US military took out its own flour for the German people, and soon a large number of relief materials came in. In this process, Germans in West Germany began to regard American and British troops as liberators, not occupation troops. But food is still scarce.

The paralysis of traffic makes people who are already malnourished more miserable. Food rationing in Ruhr-gebiet and other places starts from less than 65,438+0,000 calories per person per day, and the minimum amount necessary for survival is 2,000 calories.

Kelsen's father, 10 years old, can get special allowance because he is a construction worker. However, his grandparents can only get 800 calories of food because they have retired. His grandparents died one after another within a few months because of too little food. Schmidt, who later became German Chancellor, said, "We live on 896 calories every day".

East Germany, known as the "bread basket" of the empire, has been occupied by the Soviet Union, and it no longer exports food to West Germany occupied by the United States, Britain and France, further aggravating the shortage of food supply. The most deadly thing is the shortage of coal, which makes Germany extremely short of heating coal. Facing the reality, Cardinal Cologne officially announced that stealing coal is no longer a crime where there is coal. Some people want to escape from this country, but this is not allowed.

Hamburg writer Nosak wrote: "There is not enough fuel to keep warm at all, and people with swollen hands and feet, short limbs and exposed wounds are everywhere wandering aimlessly." About 65,438+06% babies died in the first year of life. In Berlin, many people have to eat grass and bark to satisfy their hunger. Imported grain lacked the necessary foreign exchange, all German money was given to the victorious country, all German assets abroad were confiscated, and a large number of industrial facilities were demolished. "The highest indoor temperature is five degrees below zero, and people have no coal! The power supply is only 2 hours at most every day, and people are starving. " A US military reporter reported to the headquarters in new york.

According to statistics, during the four-month winter, the death toll in Germany was at least 654.38 million (excluding prisoners who died in prison camps), millions of people suffered from frostbite, edema, rickets and tuberculosis, and at least 1000 people starved to death in Berlin alone. The whole tragedy is like going through a plague, and a large number of bodies are pushed out by trolleys every day. In a report to Washington, American official William Clayton said, "Millions of people are slowly starving to death." An American journalist wrote: "It is enough for Germans to drink soup three times a day-American President Roosevelt once said this during the war. But can you watch people starve to death? Watching dogs chase the bones of people who are dying but not completely dead? "

The "theory of destruction" frightened the United States.

The cold winter has also made the black market prosperous. Due to the lack of food, people have to get necessities from the black market with higher prices. Allied garrison officers and their wives also participated in black market transactions with great interest, making the black market more prosperous. The military consumer cooperative has become the largest supplier on the black market. Cigarettes, coffee, soap, canned food, etc. , has become a commodity. Under the supervision and control of the US military, two official "barter centers" were established in Berlin and Frankfurt.

The black market makes German society and economy more critical, and some even predict that Germany will become an agricultural country. Western European countries such as Britain and France were also crushed by the cold, which brought the originally depressed western European economy to the brink of total collapse. Churchill described the situation in Britain, France, Germany, Italy and other countries in May 1947, and said, "How is Europe now? It is a pile of rubble, a shelter for bones and a hotbed of plague and hatred. "

At that time, the Washington government was shrouded in great fear that Germany and even Western Europe would be completely destroyed. If this is the case, Stalin can rapidly expand and penetrate his ruling power in Eastern Europe, and then swallow up the whole West into his sphere of influence. In addition, the people in Germany and other western Europe are increasingly dissatisfied and resistant to the transitional government, and the "destruction theory" is spreading in society. In this context, the United States put forward the Marshall Plan.

Marshall Plan was officially launched in July 1947, which lasted for four fiscal years. During this period, Germany and other western European countries received various forms of assistance from the United States through their participation in the OECD, including finance, technology and equipment, totaling $654.38+0.3 billion. At the same time, Ludwig, who has been engaged in economic work in Germany? Erhard (the second prime minister of West Germany) put forward a unique plan: to occupy the world market with "Made in Germany" with good quality and low price. 1July, 948, when he was in charge of the economic work in the occupied areas of Britain and the United States, he made decisive decisions and threw hundreds of economic controls such as price restrictions and ticket rationing into the wastebasket. At the same time, the tax rate has been greatly reduced, so that people who were originally desperate have seen the dawn again. In 1950s, the economy of West Germany developed rapidly and achieved a trade surplus. The average annual GDP growth rate far exceeded that of the United States, Britain, France and other countries, which not only completely got rid of the disaster, but also ushered in the golden age of national rejuvenation.