What are the climatic characteristics of autumn?

In beginning of autumn, summer heat, white dew, autumnal equinox, cold dew and first frost are all in autumn. The climate characteristics in autumn, from hot to cold, have entered the transitional stage of "Yang eliminating Yin growing". During this period, the characteristics of each solar term are described as follows:

13. beginning of autumn is on August 7th or 8th of the Gregorian calendar. It is located at the solar meridian 135 degrees. "Li" means beginning, and beginning of autumn is a symbol of the beginning of autumn. The crops are almost ripe at this time.

Beginning of autumn means that the grain is beginning to ripen. From this day on, it began to enter autumn. Autumn is crisp, the moon is bright and the wind is clear, and the temperature drops gradually from the hottest. There is a proverb: "beginning of autumn is cool", that is to say, the beginning of autumn is the beginning of the cool season. At this time, the sultry weather in summer is gone forever, and people no longer feel sultry. Although the weather is still hot, the hot weather called "autumn tiger" is different from the dull summer heat. Beginning of autumn's third class is: "When the cool breeze comes; Second, wait for the white deer to be born; Third-class chilling. " This means that after beginning of autumn, people will feel cool when it is windy, and the wind at this time is different from the hot air in summer. Then, there will be fog on the earth in the morning. And cicadas who feel gloomy and sing in autumn also begin to sing.

14. The summer heat is on August 23rd or 24th of Gregorian calendar, at 150 degrees. "Chu" means hiding, ending, and the second time. The hot summer means that the hot summer is about to pass and will soon hide; It also contains the meaning of hot climate in autumn and summer, second only to summer, commonly known as "autumn tiger"

Gu Tieqing, the author of Jia Qinglu, described the summer heat: "After the summer heat, the weather is still gloomy, and it takes about 18 days to cool down;" As the saying goes, eighteen pots of summer heat means eighteen days of bathing. "This means that after the summer heat, you will have to sweat for about 18 days. The three waiting periods in summer are: "One waiting for the eagle as a sacrificial bird; Second, wait for the beginning of heaven and earth; The third wait has not yet boarded the plane. "In this solar term, eagles began to hunt birds in large numbers and display them as sacrifices before eating. Then everything between heaven and earth began to wither and filled with cold air. In ancient times, there was a saying of "autumn decision", that is, the death penalty was executed in order to adapt to the cold of heaven and earth. " Lu Chunqiu said, "Heaven and earth cannot win. "That is to warn people that autumn is a season of convergence, and there is no arrogance and extravagance. The third term "Henaideng" refers to millet, millet, rice and sorghum crops, and "Deng" means maturity.

15. The millennium is on September 8th or 9th of Gregorian calendar, with longitude 165 degrees. At this time, the crops are about to mature, the "autumn tiger" will also die, and the climate will turn cold. The temperature difference in the morning, middle and evening of a day will change greatly, and it will be cool in the morning and evening and hot at noon. Because the temperature drops rapidly, the temperature has reached the condition of white dew at night, so the dew condenses more and more heavily, showing the shape of white dew, hence the name.

White dew three waiting: "Hongyan comes; Second, wait for the bird to return; Three waiting birds raise shame. " In other words, this solar term is the time when migratory birds such as Hongyan and Swallow fly south to avoid the cold, and hundreds of birds begin to reserve dried fruit food for the winter. It can be seen that the Millennium is actually a symbol of cold weather.

16. The autumnal equinox is on September 23rd or 24th of Gregorian calendar 180 degrees. At this time, the sun is facing the equator, that is, at the intersection of the yellow equator, and the day and night are equally divided, so it is called the autumnal equinox. It is a solar term for the mature harvest of crops. Due to the cold weather in the northern hemisphere, migratory birds, such as geese, swallows and cuckoos, began to fly in droves from the gradually cold north to the south.

After the autumnal equinox, the daily precipitation is not very large, and the probability of heavy rain and heavy rain is very small, but the number of precipitation increases. It is "one autumn rain and one cold, and ten autumn rains wear cotton well."

The three stages of the autumnal equinox are: "Wait for the thunder to stop; Second, wait for scorpion blank households; Wait until the water is dry. " The ancients thought that it thundered because the yang was strong and the yin began to flourish after the autumnal equinox, so it stopped thundering. The word "blank" in the second stage means fine soil, that is to say, due to the cold weather, dormant insects began to hide in caves and sealed the hole with fine soil to prevent the cold from invading people. "Water begins to dry up" means that the rainfall begins to decrease at this time. Because of the dry weather, the water vapor evaporates quickly, the water in lakes and rivers becomes less, and some swamps and puddles dry up.

17. The cold dew is at1October 9 10 or Gregorian calendar 10, at the longitude of the Yellow River 195 degrees. At this time, the temperature is low, there is more dew, and the climate gradually turns cold from the cool in mid-autumn, and there is the possibility of freezing dew, which is more obvious in the morning and evening, so it is called cold dew.

After the white dew, the weather turned cold and dew began to appear. When the dew is cold, there is much dew and the temperature is low. So some people say that cold is dew, white first and then cold, indicating that the climate is getting cold. Frost will appear in some parts of our country at this time. It's late autumn in the north, with white clouds and red leaves and occasional early frost. Autumn is getting stronger in the south, and cicadas are dying. Because there are few cloudy days and plenty of sunshine at this time, it is the solar term with the largest proportion of sunshine in the whole year, and it is known as the crisp autumn.

Cold dew three waiting: "Hou Hongyan guest; The second waiting sparrow is a clam; Three chrysanthemums have yellow flowers. In this solar term, geese move southward in a line or herringbone. The "flood" in the second season refers to the sea. In ancient times, it was said that clam shells by the sea were made by three kinds of birds diving into the water. In the cold late autumn, all the birds disappeared. The ancients saw a large number of clams suddenly appearing on the seashore. The stripes and colors of shells were very similar to those of birds, and they thought they were birds. The third stage of "Chrysanthemum begins to blossom" means that the chrysanthemum has opened in a large area at this time. The ancients thought that Jiqiu was the season of virtue and earthy yellow, so the flower of this season was Huang Juhua. Chrysanthemum is a flower with a long history in China. There is a sentence of "tolerate chrysanthemum" in Xia's September, which is the word for chrysanthemum in ancient times, indicating that chrysanthemum blooms in September.

18. The first frost time is on the 23rd or 24th of the Gregorian calendar 10/0, at 2 10 degrees. At this time, the climate has gradually turned cold, with frost at night and cold in the morning, and frost began to appear. The temperature difference changes greatly during the day, and cold air often invades, which makes the temperature drop sharply.

At this time, the weather turns cold and dew condenses into frost, so it is called the first frost. The first frost is the last solar term in autumn, and it is an excessive solar term from autumn to winter. The lowest temperature can reach about 0℃. Frost is an ice crystal formed by condensation of water vapor in the air near the ground or plants. The color is white and the structure is loose. First frost is covered with vegetation and rocks, commonly known as frosting, and frosted vegetables are particularly delicious. We don't like frost very much in our culture. Huainanzi said: "In autumn and March, the girl is snowed, the frost is sad, the yin is condensed, and everything is sad." Therefore, the ancients also called the daughter of the deceased a legacy cream.

The third stage of frost first is: "the first stage is to sacrifice animals;" Second, the vegetation is yellow; Three are waiting for the bug to fall. " This means that in this solar term, jackals will show their prey before eating, the leaves on the earth will wither and fall, and the stinging insects will stay in caves and hang their heads into hibernation.