How were the four major tennis tournaments founded? What changes have the Masters Cup series experienced?

Four international open tennis tournaments are called four grand slams, including:

australian open

Wimbledon tennis open

french open

Us open tennis tournament

I. Australian Open

brief introduction

The Australian Open is managed by the Australian Tennis Center. Every year, the Australian Open is the earliest event in the four major open competitions, and the event is scheduled in1-February.

history

The Australian Open is the latest event in the four major open competitions. The first match was held at Will horsman Cricket Ground in Melbourne. 1905. Among them, the men's competition was founded in 1905, and the women's competition began in 1922. The lawn tennis court was used at first, and 1988 was changed to a hard court. 1968, after the professionalization of international tennis, it was listed as one of the four major open tournaments. 1972, in order to attract more spectators, the tournament was held in Melbourne, a big Australian city. For a long time after its establishment, the winners of the open competition were all local people. From 1946 to 1978 after World War II, most of the men's singles and women's singles champions were won by Australian players, but after the 1980s, no local players were lucky enough to win this honor. With the increasing scale and popularity of the competition, the facilities of the competition venue need to be improved, and the debris park stadium came into being. The multi-kinetic sports center started construction on 1986 and was completed on 1988+0. In the same year, the Ford Australian Open was successfully held here. Since then, the sports center has been further expanded, 1995 started the second phase of the competition venue, and 1997 was officially used for the competition. 1996 65438+1On October 29th, the Fragment Park Stadium was officially renamed Melbourne Park.

Brief introduction of ccid

The stadium is located in Melbourne Tennis Center, Australia's second largest city. Melbourne Park-Central Stadium facilities: retractable roof, 1502 1 seat; Stadium 1: 6000 seats; No.2 Stadium: 3,000 seats; No.3 Stadium: 2,000 seats; Stadium No.4: 1 100 seats; Open-air training ground:19; Indoor driving range: 4 yuan. Melbourne, Australia, due to the local midsummer, the climate is extremely hot, the temperature of the competition venue is as high as 60 degrees Celsius, and the players are exhausted, which affects the smooth end of the competition. If these problems cannot be properly solved, it will be difficult to maintain its position in open competition. Because it is a hard court, players who play all-around can have certain advantages. It is not only beneficial to the baseline stroke, but also suitable for serving and netting, not only for topspin and backspin, but also for hanging high balls and putting short balls.

Name of the Central Stadium: RodneyGeorge, rod laver.

Total bonus

The total prize money of the Australian Open is as high as $6.2 million. Among them, the prize of the men's singles champion is 360 thousand dollars. This is one of the reasons why it occupies a place in the four major open competitions.

2. Wimbledon Tennis Open

brief introduction

This activity is held regularly from the last week of June to the beginning of July every year, which has formed a tradition. Eligibility is determined according to the accumulated scores obtained in various major competitions in the previous year. The Wimbledon Championship is jointly organized by the All England Club and the British Lawn Tennis Association, but in fact, the All England Club controls the matches, including millions of dollars in ticket revenue per match. Today's Wimbledon, the audience can reach more than 300,000 people, and the number of people watching live TV is over 500 million.

history

Wimbledon Championship is the earliest competition in modern tennis history, which was founded by All England Club and British Lawn Tennis Association in 1877. The first official competition was held at the headquarters of Wimbledon Club in the southwest corner of London, which was called the All England Lawn Tennis Championship. The first competition was aimed at amateur competitions, and only men's singles events were set up. At that time, tickets for the final were only sold for a shilling. Spencer Goyle, a student from Harrow College, won the Challenge Cup among 22 contestants. 1884, the organizing Committee set up the women's singles for the first time, and Mulder Watson beat other 12 players to become the first women's singles champion in Wimbledon history. In the same year, men's doubles also became an official event. 1899 added women's doubles and mixed doubles. Wimbledon accepts foreign players from 190 1. At that time, it was limited to a small country in the British dominion. 1905 officially started, and players from the United States, France and other countries came across the ocean to participate in the competition. 1922 carried out two reforms, one was to build a central stadium that could accommodate 15000 spectators, and the other was to cancel the challenge. Starting from this year, in order to win the championship, men must win seven consecutive victories from the first round, and women must win six consecutive victories. 1968, the international network association agreed to professional players to participate in the competition, and at the same time, the organizers also raised huge bonuses to attract top players from all over the world to participate in the competition, so the competitive level improved year by year. Whoever wins the first place in each individual event will immediately become a world-famous figure. Therefore, the elite gathered in the competition and the competition was fierce, which reflected the highest level and development trend of tennis technology. Up to 2000, Wimbledon Championship has been held for 1 14 sessions, of which 10 session was suspended due to two world wars, and it has been more than 100 years since 1877.

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Wimbledon now has 18 lawns, 9 hard courts and 2 indoor courts, which will only be open when the club holds a dinner in mid-May every year. The main stadium is called the "center stadium", where the finals are held. Due to the unpredictable weather in London during the competition, the stadium is equipped with a collapsible roof and is expected to be completed in 2009. The stadium 1 was rebuilt on a large scale by 1997, and moved from the original site of the adjacent central stadium to a new dedicated venue that can accommodate more spectators. The original No.1 Stadium is said to have a unique atmosphere and is the favorite place of many players, so many people feel sad about its relocation. 1 Stadium usually hosts some very important games, such as the singles quarter-finals, and it also has a huge external screen for fans gathered on Mount Henman outside the stadium to enjoy the games. Every year, thousands of fans cheer for local players who hit the championship on this hillside, but unfortunately, since 1936, British players have never lifted the championship trophy again.

Name of Center Stadium: Wimbledon Center Stadium

The reason why No.2 Stadium has the title of "Tomb of Champions" is that the seed players who play here are usually eliminated by the opponents who rank lower. Previous victims included andre agassi, roger federer and pete sampras, who almost dragged tim henman into the water in the first round of the competition in 2005.

Total bonus

The prize money of Wimbledon tournament is increasing year by year. 1984, the prize money for the men's singles champion is 65,438+10,000 pounds, and the prize money for the women's singles champion is 90,000 pounds. 1985 The champion of men's singles was130,000. 1987 The prize money of the men's singles champion is155,000. 199 1 won 240,000 pounds for the men's singles champion and 2 16000 pounds for the women's singles champion. Even the players eliminated in 1 round can get bonuses, 3600 pounds for men and 2790 pounds for women. The high prize money makes Wimbledon extremely attractive, which also allows the tournament to last for a hundred years.

Three. french open

The French Open began at 189 1. At first, only French players participated, and foreign players were not allowed to participate until 1925. 1928 The French Open is held every year from the end of May to the beginning of June at Roland Galos Tennis City on the edge of the Boulogne forest in western Paris. The venue is a clay court, so it is also called a clay court tennis match. Covering an area of 8 hectares, this tennis city has 20 official competition venues, including three large-scale competition venues with stands around them. The largest central court has nearly 1.6 million seats. Over the past 75 years, the French Open has received more than 3.5 million tourists.

Of the four Grand Slams, the French Open is undoubtedly the most passionate one, just like its fiery venue. Because it is played on slow clay, patient stalemate, strong topspin and fast running are considered as the main weapons to win the championship here, and the best of five games often lasts for several hours, which is a severe test for the players' physical strength and will. Spanish and South American players who are good at clay fighting have an excellent record here. However, due to the particularity of the venue, many famous champions here will never win the other three Grand Slams, such as Bruguera, Mutt, Kurten, Moya, Costa, Zhang Depei and Gomez, and they have never won any other Grand Slams. At the same time, players like Sampras, Becker and Edberg, as well as "Swiss King" roger federer, have never won their own trophies in Paris.

Name of the Central Stadium: Philip Chatterley

The total prize money of the French Open is 6.5438+0.223485 million euros, and the second game has entered the third day. According to different venues and activities, ticket prices range from 8 euros to 53 euros.

Fourth, the US Open.

The US Open starts at 188 1, and every event is held at the National Tennis Center of new york Tennis Association from the end of August to the beginning of September every year. 1997, the game was held in the newly-built Arthur Ashe Tennis Center. The center covers an area of 18.2 hectares and has 33 competition venues, which are also hard. In order to win the competition, athletes must have good physical strength. Every time an athlete scores a point, he will spend more time than other grand slam events, and there will be more sparring scenes.

Name of the Central Stadium: Arthur Ashe.

The U.S. Open is the only one among the four major tennis events that maintains the system of equal pay for equal work for men and women. This year, the bonus will reach 1 6174,200 USD (1USD 1. 18 yuan RMB). Tickets range from 22 yuan to $92. History of masters cup.

Tennis Masters Cup was born on199965438+February 9th. On this day, the Four Grand Slam Competition Committee, ITF (International Tennis Federation) and ATP (Men's Professional Tennis Association) announced that the ATP year-end finals and men's Grand Slam Cup would not continue, and they would be replaced by a new competition-men's professional competition owned by three organizations.

The new Tennis Masters Cup means a new cooperative relationship between all parties in the tennis world, and a tennis Masters Cup management entity with decision-making power is also established.

The Tennis Masters Cup brings together eight top tennis players in the world, competing for the total prize of 4.45 million dollars and the highest honor of being the first professional tennis player at the end of the year, presenting the strongest visual shock to tennis audiences around the world.

Tennis Masters Cup, as the final of men's professional tennis tour, is the highest level of tennis competition. Every year, from 65438+ 10/month 1, male professional players get points from the four Grand Slams, the Nine Masters Series and the Five ATP Tours with the best personal performance. It is not until Monday after the last ATP Tour every year that the top seven ATP champions are eligible to enter the Tennis Masters Cup, and the eighth place is reserved for the top 20 players, one of the four Grand Slam champions of that year, or, therefore, the Masters Cup is a real event, winning the championship in the Masters, representing the highest competitive level in the tennis world today.

[Edit this paragraph] Shanghai Tennis Masters Cup

The Masters Cup finals are held in turn in major cities around the world. Shanghai was fortunate to host the 2002 Masters Cup, which became one of the most successful events in history, won unanimous praise from ATP and players, and also set off a tennis craze in Shanghai.

Looking back at the 2002 Shanghai Masters Cup, the "Eight Kings" of tennis gathered on the beach and launched a soul-stirring battle for the China audience: Leighton Hewitt, andre agassi, marat safin, juan carlos ferrero, carlos moya, roger federer and Albert Costa. After fierce competition, Hewitt, the "Australian Hare", finally successfully defended his title.

In 2005, after three years, the Masters Cup returned to Shanghai. 165438+1On October 20th, nalbandian and Federer staged a thrilling championship battle, which stunned the audience. In the end, nalbandian staged a stunning reversal and defeated Federer to win the championship.

In March 2006, ATP and Shanghai Sports Bureau renewed the Masters Cup until 2008. Therefore, in the next three years, the Masters Cup will be held in Zhong Qi Tennis Center. Zhong Qi Tennis Center is located in maqiao town, Minhang District, southwest of Shanghai, about 27 kilometers away from the center of Shanghai. There are a main stadium and 18 outdoor tennis court in the competition area (of which 18 is a competition venue with stands, and the other eight are practice venues). The roof is a steel structure and can be opened. Its open mode is like the flowering process of Magnolia grandiflora in Shanghai, which is the first in the world. From165438+1October 12 to 19, the Masters Cup continued to write brilliantly, and both the lineup of participating players and the organization of the event reached its peak, bringing fans a shocking event experience.

At the beginning of 2007, ATP professional players have been struggling for a "ticket" to Shanghai, and the final players will be announced one by one with the progress of the schedule.

Introduction to the Masters Cup.

Competition system: the players are decided by the ATP competition. Every year from 65438+ 10/month 1, players get points from the best four Grand Slams, Nine Masters Series and five ATP Tour. It is not until Monday after the last ATP Tour every year that the top seven players in the ATP tournament are eligible to enter the Masters Cup, and the eighth place is reserved for the top 20 players, one of the four Grand Slam champions of that year. If all the grand slams,

Form of singles competition: the competition adopts the single round robin system of group competition. Each athlete plays against other players in the group once to decide the top two in each group and enter the semi-finals. The two winners of the semi-final will enter the final and compete for the year-end championship.

All competitions except the final are based on the best of three games, and the final is based on the best of five games.

Double competition form: the same singles.

Grouping method of singles players: Divide into two groups, with every four players as a group. Eight seed players are determined by the ranking of ATP tournament results, with the first seed player in the red group and the second seed player in the blue group. Seeds No.3 and No.4, No.5 and No.6, No.7 and No.8 will be drawn separately, and the first batch of seeds will be divided into red groups. Each player must play against three other players in the same group. The top two in each group advance to the semi-finals, cross-eliminated, and the winner enters the finals.

Doubles players are grouped in the same singles.

Total prize: $450,000.

Youth bonus: $000

Bonus for singles: $650,000.

Substitute: USA, 000

Appearance fee: US, 000

Win the group match: $0,000

Semi-final victory: $0,000

Final prize: $0,000

Undefeated champion: USA, 520,000.

Double distributable bonus: $0,000

Substitute: USA, 000

Appearance fee: US, 000

Win the group stage: US, 000

Semifinal victory: US, 000

Final prize: $0,000

Undefeated champion: US$ 0,000

ATP Champion Points /ATP Doubles Points

Win a group tour: 20 points

Semifinal victory: 40 points

Final victory: 50 points

Undefeated champion: 150 points.

[Edit this paragraph] Tennis Masters Cup billboard

2000 Lisbon Tennis Masters Cup

The ranking of singles players

Kuerten champion

Agassi runner-up

Safin semi-final

Sampras semi-final

Alex Caurette Jia

Hewitt

Kafornikov

Norman

* Investigation

200 1 Sydney Tennis Masters Cup

The ranking of singles players

Hewitt champion

Grosjean runner-up

Kafelnikov semi-finals

Ferrero semifinal

Agassi

Ivani savage

Kuerten

* Rafters

2002 Shanghai Tennis Masters Cup

The ranking of singles players

Hewitt champion

Ferriero runner-up

Federer's top four

Moya semifinal

rib

Novak

Safin

Agassi

Tu-Johnson

2003 Houston Tennis Masters Cup

The ranking of singles players

Federer champion

Agassi runner-up

Shu siqiang

Roddick semi-final

Guillermo Corea

Moya

David Nalbandian

Ferrero

* Philippines

The ranking of doubles players

Bob Brian/McBrian Champion

Rodera/Santo Luo Yajun

Etlis/Rodriguez Semifinal

Knowles/Nestor Semifinal

Arthur/Hanley

Bioque Mann/woodbridge

Bhupathi/Mirni

Damm/Suk

2004 Houston Tennis Masters Cup

Choose a place for the singles competition.

Federer champion

Hewitt runner-up

Roddick semi-final

Safin semi-final

Moya

Henman

gaston gaudio

Guillermo Corea

* canas

The ranking of doubles players

Bob Brian/McBrian Champion

Black/Sharif runner-up

Bioque Man/woodbridge Semifinal

Knowles/Nestor Semifinal

Etlis/Rodriguez

Damm/Suk

Bhupathi/Mirni

Ma Li Sai/olivier rochus

2005 Shanghai Tennis Masters Cup

The ranking of singles players

Nalbandian champion

Federer runner-up

Gaodiao top four

David is in the top four.

Ivan Ljubicic

gonzales

Guillermo Corea

Pulta

Agassi

Johansen

The ranking of doubles players

Lourde/Santoro Champion

Pace/Zemondzic runner-up

Bob Brian/McBrian Semifinal

Black /Houriet special top four

Bioque Mann/Mirni

Hus/Modi

Arthur/Hanley

Knowles/Nestor

2006 Shanghai Tennis Masters Cup

The ranking of singles players

Federer champion

Black runner-up

Nadal semi-final

Nalbandian top four

David denko

Tommy Robredo

Ivan Ljubicic

Roddick

An Xiqi

Bertic

The ranking of doubles players

Biorkman/Mirni champion

Knowles/Nestor runner-up

Dam/Perth Semifinal

Hanley/Houriet top four

Airy/Ram

Santoro/Zemondik

Feitenberg/McAskie

Bao Bryan/Mai Bryan

2007 Shanghai Tennis Masters Cup

The ranking of singles players

Federer champion

Ferrer runner-up

Nadal semi-final

Roddick semi-final

David denko

gonzales

Djokovic

Gasquet

Tommy Robredo

The ranking of doubles players

Knowles/Nestor champion

Aspirin/Noel runner-up

Hanley/Houriet top four

Dam/Perth Semifinal

Bioque Mann/Mirni

Derossi/Vizna

Ventilation/dam

Clement/Rodera

* Kurtz/Watson