Why is it that the late Qing Dynasty was still in the era of cold weapons, while the Ming Dynasty was a world-class firearms country?

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the Ming dynasty was the last feudal dynasty ruled by * * * in the history of China. During the Ming dynasty, the seeds of capitalism emerged, and the Ming dynasty was also a great power in the world at that time. China has made great progress in firearms technology since the Song Dynasty. By the Ming Dynasty, firearms technology had developed into a world-class level. At that time, the Ming army was generally equipped with firearms and equipment such as birds' spears and ware, and its combat capability was very strong. It was also equipped with a magical battalion of artillery units.

In the process of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, during the battle between the Qing Dynasty and the Ming army, many firearms of the Ming Dynasty were very powerful. In the "Battle of Ningyuan" in 1626, Yuan Chonghuan of the Ming Dynasty defended the city with eleven red Yi cannons, which dealt a heavy blow to the troops of the late Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty) at that time and ushered in the first major victory in the battle between the Ming Dynasty and the late Jin Dynasty. The forces of the late Jin Dynasty were mainly riding and shooting, using cold weapons. In the initial contest with the forces of the Ming Dynasty, they ate up the loss of firearms in the Ming Dynasty, so they soon began to study firearms. It was only after Kong Youde and Di Zhongming, the generals of the Ming Dynasty, surrendered that Daming really began to die. Kong Youde and Di Zhongming's troops were artillery and firearms units built by the Ming Dynasty, which were all owned by the latter Jin, greatly enhancing the combat capability of the latter Jin troops.

At first, the Qing army began to use firearms on a large scale, which defeated the Ming Dynasty and made great contributions to consolidating the national strength of the Qing Dynasty. However, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the first Opium War, the firearms technology of the Qing Dynasty was still stagnant, and there was no great improvement, even far less popular than that of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing dynasty unified the whole country, it believed that "riding and shooting" was the foundation of the country, and that giving up riding and shooting was tantamount to betraying the ancestors and leaving the Sect, so it did not pay attention to the research of artillery. After the consumption of firearms left over from the Ming dynasty, the Qing dynasty basically returned to the era of cold weapons and swords facing each other.

Another reason is that firearms in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties had many defects. Because of these defects, they were easily exposed to unexpected events in the weather and battlefield, which was often worse than riding and shooting troops. Therefore, Qing * * thought that riding and shooting were more powerful. Firearms troops were not as flexible as riding and shooting troops. Qing * * was proud of its powerful cavalry troops, so he gave up the firearms troops. However, the technology and use of firearms at that time were often not used by Manchu people, but often used by * * *. Therefore, in order to prevent the Manchu regime from being threatened, Qing * * did not use firearms too much.

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