Olympic common sense

How are you?

brief introduction

International social movement led by the International Olympic Committee. With Olympism as the guiding ideology and the Olympic Games as the main activity, the purpose is to promote the all-round development and exchange of people, let people of all countries know each other, let Olympism spread all over the world and safeguard world peace. It is a comprehensive, sustained and worldwide activity that integrates sports, education and culture, and it is also a manifestation of cultural communication, which can be fully displayed in the Olympic Games.

The modern Olympic movement was born, and the Olympic movement rose in the era of capitalist industrialization in Europe. Relying on a solid social, economic, political and cultural foundation, it conforms to the needs of social development and the development trend of sports. It is a great social practice that human society began after entering industrial civilization, and its emergence has the following background.

Editing this passage from Coubertin made the Olympic Movement a reality.

Coubertin, a French educator, is recognized as the founder of modern Olympics. He made outstanding contributions to the birth and development of the Olympic Movement. From 65438 to 0888, Coubertin became the Secretary-General of the Preparatory Committee for School Education and Sports in France. From 65438 to 0889, Coubertin represented France in the international sports training conference held in Boston, USA, and learned more about the trends of world sports. He believes that the development of modern sports is going international, and international sports should be promoted with the help of the experience and traditional influence of ancient Greek sports, so the idea of reviving the Olympic Games came into being. In order to realize this idea, Coubertin did a lot of work.

189 1 year, Coubertin founded Sports Review, which played a positive role in promoting the founding of the Olympic Games. From 65438 to 0892, Coubertin visited Europe to promote the Olympic ideal. In the same year165438+125 October, he made a famous speech at the meeting to celebrate the 5th anniversary of the French Federation of Sports Associations, and officially put forward the initiative to establish the modern Olympic Games for the first time. Coubertin said in his speech that the modern Olympic Games should aim at unity, peace and friendship like the ancient Olympic Games, but it should be more developed and innovative than the ancient Olympic Games. It should be open to all countries, all regions and all ethnic groups and held in turn around the world. Coubertin's initiative made the modern Olympic Games break through the boundaries between nations and countries from the very beginning, and it has a distinct international character. From 65438 to 0893, Coubertin held an international sports coordination meeting in Paris to unite people in the international sports field to discuss the establishment of the Olympic Games. The following year, he also wrote an open letter about his initiative, which was sent to sports clubs in many countries and received support from many sports clubs.

With the promotion of various international factors and Coubertin's unremitting efforts, all the preparations for the founding of the Olympic Games are finally ready. 1894 In June, at Coubertin's suggestion, representatives of 49 sports organizations from the United States, Britain, Russia, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Greece and other countries 12 participated in the international sports conference held at the Sorbonne Theological Seminary in Paris. During the meeting, 265,438+0 countries sent letters to express their support and congratulations to the meeting. The meeting adopted a resolution to establish the International Olympic Committee, and elected 15 members of the IOC 1 session from 79 official representatives. The General Assembly also decided that IOC members from the host country of the Olympic Games should serve as IOC presidents. As the first Olympic Games will be held in Athens, Greece on 1896, Greek member Vi Kailas was elected as the first president of the International Olympic Committee, and Coubertin was appointed as the secretary-general. The General Assembly stipulated that the Olympic Games should be held every four years, and adopted a resolution to follow "amateur sports". The Congress also stipulated that the Olympic Games should include track and field, water sports, swimming, rowing, sailing, fencing, wrestling, boxing, equestrian, shooting, gymnastics and ball games.

1 From April 6 to April 5, 896,1The modern Olympic Games was finally held in Athens as scheduled. Although the organization is not perfect, it is an important symbol of the official birth of the Olympic Movement and has the significance of connecting the past with the future.

The Olympic Movement has finally stepped onto the historical stage and opened a new chapter in the history of human civilization.

Editor of Olympic History: Difficult Exploration (1894- 19 14)

After holding large-scale comprehensive international games around the world in a certain period of time, making sports serve the people of all countries and world peace, the difficulties encountered by this practice at the end of 19 are unimaginable today. In fact, the industrial revolution, which swept the world with destructive power, brought great progress to society and intensified ethnic contradictions to an unprecedented extent. In terms of ideology, it is still difficult for people to understand the Olympic thought and lack the necessary ideological preparation to accept the international culture of the Olympic Games.

In terms of sports, the developing modern competitive sports and gymnastics are in sharp opposition, the sports world is divided, the opinions of the portal are deeply rooted, and factional disputes frequently appear. There is neither precedent nor experience in holding large-scale comprehensive sports games in the world. Underdeveloped transportation and communication conditions are far from meeting the needs of the Olympic Games. As far as the Olympic movement itself is concerned, the newly born International Olympic Committee itself is still immature. Except gymnastics, skating and rowing, there are no international organizations for other sports, and the National Olympic Committee does not exist yet.

In this case, there were many defects in the early Olympic Games. First of all, the Olympic events are unstable, and each event is different. Organizers can temporarily add or subtract events (for example, rowing and sailing events in the first Olympic Games were cancelled due to bad weather, and a 100 meter freestyle event was temporarily added), and the events are repeated (gymnastics individual all-around in the second Olympic Games consists of parallel bars, horizontal bar, rings, pommel horse, vault, floor exercise, long jump, high jump and long jump). Secondly, there is a lack of uniform standards for sports venues. Not only the runway lengths are different, they are 333.33m (1896 Olympic Games), 500m (1900 Olympic Games), 536.45m (1904 Olympic Games and 1908 Olympic Games) and 383m (683m) respectively. The original swimming competition was held in natural waters. Third, the competition lacks necessary norms, such as the distance of marathon varies from session to session, weightlifting and wrestling have no weight classification and time limit, and the measurement system is chaotic, sometimes in English and sometimes in metric; Organizers can temporarily change the competition schedule without authorization; Most of the referees are from the host country, so it is difficult to enforce the law fairly; The qualifications of athletes in various events are inconsistent, the Olympic village has not yet been established, and the accommodation for athletes is scattered and chaotic. There is no fixed time limit for the Olympic Games, ranging from 10 days to five or six months. Fourth, there is a shortage of funds. Due to lack of funds, the first Olympic Games almost fell by the wayside. Then for three consecutive Olympic Games, due to financial problems, it had to be combined with the Commercial Expo to become a foil for the Commercial Expo.

1908 The London Olympic Games is an important milestone in the history of Olympic development. There was once a well-known Olympic motto that emphasized participation: "What matters is not winning, but participating." Britain was the most organized country in the world at that time. The British Olympic Committee, which is hosting this Olympic Games, is composed of British members of the International Olympic Committee and representatives of individual sports associations in Britain. This personnel structure provides an example for the composition of other national Olympic committees. The technical work of each competition in this Olympic Games, from formulating the competition system, arranging the schedule, selecting referees and organizing competitions, is the responsibility of individual sports associations, and the degree of standardization has been greatly improved. This laid the foundation for the later IFs to manage Olympic technical work. At this point, the "three-legged" organizational structure of the Olympic Games was initially formed, and their respective responsibilities were relatively clear, thus determining the basic framework of the Olympic Games organizational system.

After this stage, the 5th Olympic Games was held in Stockholm in 19 12. The number of participating member countries 1 has doubled, and the number of athletes has increased by 75 times. The modern Olympic movement has consolidated its position.

During this period, the Olympic organization developed rapidly. The number of members of the National Olympic Committee has increased from 29 before World War I to 60, and the number of international individual sports federations has reached 24. 1926, the IOC set up a technical committee composed of representatives of IFs. After that, the IOC gradually got rid of technical affairs and began to pay more attention to higher-level work such as leadership, coordination and decision-making. The Olympic Movement finally formed an organizational system with three pillars cooperating with each other.

1920, the Olympic motto "swifter, higher and stronger" appeared, which was an important progress of Olympic thought in this period. It complements "paying attention to participation" and encourages people to participate in the Olympic movement with a positive and enterprising spirit.

Important progress has also been made in the integration of the Olympic Games with science and technology. At that time, the most advanced technology was widely used in engineering construction, electronic equipment and communication fields, such as 1932 using dual-lens cameras for terminal photography, the unofficial use of electric timing and terminal photography for the first time in the Olympic Games, the installation of large-screen scoreboards in stadiums, and the emergence of automatic printer networks. Since 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, the organizing committee has made a complete record of the Olympic Games in the form of movies. The first closed-circuit television broadcast of the Olympic Games also began at this time.

The main problem in this period was the conflict caused by amateur athletes, and many athletes were punished for it. For example, nurmi, a famous Finnish long-distance runner, participated in the Olympic Games three times and won nine medals. He was called "Superman" by reporters, but he was regarded as a "professional athlete" and missed the Olympic Games because of receiving subsidies. In addition, with the expansion of the influence of the Olympic Games, the intention of some political forces to try to use it as a political tool is increasingly exposed, which is particularly prominent in the winter and summer Olympic Games held by Nazi Germany under Hitler's rule in 1936.

Slogan content

The Olympic motto is also called the Olympic slogan. The Olympic movement has a famous motto: "Faster, higher and stronger." This maxim was said by Henri Didong, a good friend of Coubertin and the abbot of L 'Aquile Abbey in Paris, at an outdoor sports meeting to encourage students. He said: "here, your slogan is: faster, higher and stronger." The Greek for this slogan is: "citius, altius, fortius."

Slogan source

Coubertin borrowed this sentence and used it in the Olympic movement. 1920, it was officially recognized as the Olympic motto by the International Olympic Committee, and was first used at the Antwerp Olympic Games. Since then, the Latin "Citius, Altius, Fortius" of the Olympic motto has appeared in various publications of the International Olympic Committee. The Olympic motto fully expresses the spirit of continuous progress and never-ending struggle advocated by the Olympic Movement. Although there are only six short words, its meaning is very rich. It not only means that we should not be afraid of strong players, dare to struggle and dare to win in competitive sports, but also encourage people to be unwilling to be mediocre in their own lives and work, always full of vitality, keep forging ahead, surpass themselves and exert their potential to the limit.

Another creed

There is also a well-known creed of the Olympic Movement: "It is important to participate, not to win". This famous saying comes from 1908 when the Bishop of Pennsylvania gave a speech at a religious ceremony in St. Paul's Cathedral in London. Coubertin explained: "Just as the most important thing in life is not to win, but to struggle, not to conquer, but to strive hard".

Theme slogan of Beijing Olympic Games

On June 26th, 2005, BOCOG announced that "One World, One Dream" had become the theme slogan of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games in both Chinese and English.

BOCOG explained the theme slogan. "One World, One Dream" embodies the essence and universal values of the Olympic spirit-unity, friendship, progress, harmony, participation and dreams, and expresses the common desire of the whole world to pursue a better future for mankind under the inspiration of the Olympic spirit.

BOCOG believes that this theme slogan profoundly reflects the core concept of the Beijing Olympic Games and embodies the harmonious values contained in the People's Olympics as the core and soul of the three concepts of "Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and People's Olympics". It is our dream and pursuit to build a harmonious society and realize harmonious development. "Harmony between man and nature" and "harmony is precious" are the ideals and pursuits of China people for the harmonious relationship between man and nature and between people since ancient times. Peace and progress, harmonious development, harmonious coexistence, win-win cooperation and a better life are the common ideals of the whole world.

This theme slogan is concise and profound, which belongs to both China and the world. The theme slogan expresses the lofty ideal that the people of Beijing and China and the people of other countries share a beautiful home, share the fruits of civilization and work together to create a better future. Expressed the firm belief that a great nation with 5,000 years of civilization and moving towards modernization is committed to peaceful development, social harmony and people's happiness; It expresses the desire of the 654.38 billion+300 million people in China to contribute to the establishment of a peaceful and better world.

BOCOG believes that the English slogan "One World, One Dream" has a unique syntactic structure. Two ones form a beautiful parallelism, and "the world" and "the dream" echo back and forth. The whole slogan is concise, loud and profound, which is easy to remember and spread. China's slogan "One World, One Dream" is identical with "One", which makes the theme of "All mankind belongs to the same world and pursues a beautiful dream together" more prominent.

Host city of Chinese and English Olympic Games over the years

1896 1 Athens, Greece

Paris, France 1900 2

No.3 St. Louis, USA 1904

London, UK 1908 4

19 12 Stockholm No.5, Sweden

1920 No.7 Antwerp, Belgium

1924 No.8 Paris, France

1928 No.9 Amsterdam, Netherlands

1932 10 Los Angeles, USA

Berlin, Germany 1936 1 1

1948 14 London, England

Helsinki, Finland 1952 15

Melbourne, Australia, 1956

Rome, Italy, 1960

1964 18 Tokyo, Japan

1968 19 Mexico city Mexico city

1972 No.20 Munich, Germany

Montreal, Canada, 1976 2 1

198022 Moscow, former Soviet Union

23 Los Angeles, USA 1984

1988 No.24 Seoul, Korea

1992 No.25 Barcelona, Spain

1996 No.26 Atlanta, USA

Sydney, Australia, 27, 2000

Athens, Greece, 2004

September 29, 2008, Beijing, China

20 12 30 London, England

Slogans of previous Olympic Games

1984 Participation History of Los Angeles, USA

1988 Harmony and progress in Seoul, South Korea are harmonious and progressive.

1992, Friends of Life in Barcelona, forever friends.

1996 century celebration in Atlanta, USA

1998, Nagano, Japan combined flowers from all over the world into one, and condensed the world into one flower.

Sharing the Spirit Sharing the Olympic Spirit in Sydney, Australia in 2000.

In 2002, I lit a fire in my heart in Salt Lake City, USA.

Welcome back to Athens, Greece in 2004.

The ever-burning lamp of Turin, Italy in 2006

In 2008, China and BeijingOne World One Dream One World One Dream.

20 10 Vancouver, Canada from sea to sky competition