Complete detailed information of Tian Dan (famous general of Qi State)

Tian Dan (dān), surnamed Gui, Tian family, list, from Linzi (now Linzi City, Shandong Province). During the Warring States Period, he was a famous general of Qi State and a distant clan member of Qi State.

He first took up the post of market manager and managed the market order in Linzi. Le Yi led the armies of the five countries to attack Qi. At the time of danger, Tian Dan stood firm in Jimo, defeated the Yan army with the Fire Ox Formation, recovered more than 70 lost cities, worshiped him as Prime Minister, and named him Lord Anping.

Later, he was jealous of the King of Qi and went to the State of Zhao to become a general and prime minister. He was named Dupingjun and was buried in Anping City after his death. Basic introduction Chinese name: Tian Dan Nationality: Qi State Birthplace: Linzi Occupation: Military strategist Main achievements: Save the Qi State on the verge of destruction

Defeated the Yan army and recovered more than 70 cities. Title: Lord Anping→ Allusions related to Lord Du Ping: The life of the character in the Fire Ox Formation that defeated Yan, retreated to Jimo, a series of counterattacks, the Fire Ox defeated the enemy, worshiped him as Prime Minister Zhao, historical evaluation, status in later generations, anecdotes and allusions, released Qiu to save people, Tian Zhao discussed military affairs, Protection of tomb site, biographies of characters who retreated to Jimo In 314 BC, the Prime Minister of Yan State launched a rebellion. King Yan Zhao, who was the prince at that time, and Jiangjunshi were attacked by Zi Zhi. The two sides fought in a melee for several months. King Xuan of Qi took the opportunity to launch a rebellion. He attacked and captured Jicheng, the capital of Yan, and beheaded Zizhi and King Kuai of Yan in an attempt to destroy Yan. But later the Qi army was forced to retreat. Tian Dan In 286 BC, the Song Dynasty was attacked and destroyed by the army of Tian Dan, King Min of Qi, which aroused the hatred of the other six countries. In 285 BC, Qin general Meng Wu led his army to attack Qi and captured nine cities. In 284 BC, King Min of Qi was resented internally by the people and hated externally by the Qin State for his power (because Qi State was so powerful at that time that many countries that were ready to surrender to Qin changed their attitude and surrendered to Qi State). The five kingdoms sent troops to attack Qi. They defeated the Qi army west of Jishui and killed the Qi general Han Nie. The other four countries retreated one after another. Le Yi, a famous general of Yan State, sent troops to capture Linzi, the capital of Qi (now northeast of Zibo, Shandong Province). Within half a year, he successively captured more than 70 cities in Qi State and destroyed Qi State. Only Juxian County (now Juxian County, Shandong Province) and Jimo (now Juxian County, Shandong Province) were left. Pingdu City, Shandong Province) and the two isolated cities of Qi State failed to be conquered. The Chu State sent troops again, in the name of aid, but actually as an attack. The Chu general Nao Chi brutally killed King Min of Qi, and Nao Chi was killed by the Qi people. Dr. Jimo was killed in battle. Tian Dan led his tribe to flee to Jimo with iron sheets to protect the axles, and was elected as the city guard. Tian Dan led the entire army and people in Jimo to resist, and the two sides fought for five years. Le Yi failed to attack by force and resorted to an encirclement strategy. Jimo, located in the prosperous Jiaodong, is a larger city in Qi State with abundant supplies, a large population, and certain defensive conditions. Not long after Jimo was besieged, the guard general died in battle, and the army and civilians promoted Tian Dan as general. Tian Dan took advantage of the stalemate between the two armies to gather more than 7,000 soldiers, reorganize and expand them, and build more forts to strengthen defense. He shared the joys and sorrows of the army and the people, "sitting down weaving grass utensils, standing up working with a spade" (Volume 4 of "Zizhi Tongjian", 36th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty), He personally inspected the city defenses, made wives, concubines, and tribesmen into the army, and distributed food and drinks to the soldiers, winning the trust of the soldiers and the people. While Tian Dan was stabilizing his internal affairs, in order to get rid of his most difficult opponent Le Yi, he also sent people to the Yan line to create a alienation plan. He falsely claimed that Le Yi was attacking Qi, but he actually wanted to claim the king of Qi. He deliberately delayed the attack on Jimo, which was like Yan's. Another general will be dispatched, and Jimo will be ready soon. King Yan Hui originally complained that Le Yi had been unable to attack Jimo for a long time, but he fell into the trap and sent a horseman to replace Le Yi. Le Yi defected to Zhao. Fire Bull Defeats the Enemy Le Yi was afraid of being killed and did not dare to return to Yan State, so he returned to his home country of Zhao State. The officers and soldiers of Yan State were angry because of this. So Tian Dan ordered the people in the city to put out meals in the courtyard to worship their ancestors when eating. The birds were attracted to hover over the city and fly down to peck at the food. The people of Yan were surprised by this, so Tian Dan threatened to say: "There is a god coming down to teach me." So he ordered the people in the city: "A god will come to teach me." A soldier said: "I can Be a teacher?" Then he turned around and ran away. Tian Dan then got up, pulled the soldier back, asked him to sit facing east, and served him as a teacher. The soldier said: "I deceived you. I really have no ability." Tian Dan said: "Don't tell me." So he became his teacher. Whenever an order is issued to restrain the military and civilians, it must be claimed to be the will of the divine master. So he threatened to say: "I am only afraid that the Yan army will cut off the noses of the captured Qi soldiers and put them in front of the Yan army to fight against the Qi army. Jimo will be attacked because of this." The Yan people heard that After it, do what Tian Dan spreads. The people in the city were angry when they saw that those who surrendered to the Yan army in Qi had their noses cut off, and they were afraid of being captured alive. Tian Dan used countermeasures and said: "I am afraid that the Yan army will dig up the graves outside our city and insult our ancestors. I will feel sad about this." The Yan army dug up all the graves and burned the dead bodies. When the Jimo people saw this from the city, they all shed tears and gnashed their teeth with hatred. They all begged Tian Dan and vowed to fight to the death with the Yan army. Tian Dan then paralyzed the Yan army and ordered his strong soldiers to hide in the city, and sent old, weak and women to the city to keep watch. He also sent an envoy to pretend to surrender, and asked the rich men of Jimo to bribe the generals of Yan with large sums of money, pretending that Jimo was about to surrender, in the hope of preserving his wife and children. The Yan army, which had been besieging the city for more than three years, was eager to cease fighting and return home. Seeing that their great success was about to be accomplished, they only waited for surrender, so they became even more lazy. Seeing that the time was right for a counterattack, the Fire Ox Formation Tian Shan gathered more than a thousand cattle, tied sharp knives to their horns, tied oil-soaked reeds to their tails, and wore colorful dragon-patterned coats. One night, they ordered the ox tail reeds to be set alight, and the cattle dug the pained ox tails from the foot of the city. Dozens of people rushed to the Yan camp, followed by five thousand strong warriors. The soldiers and civilians in the city beat drums and beat weapons and cheered.

Yan Jun was panicked when he saw countless knives on the horns in the firelight and the flaming monsters charging straight behind him. The warriors of the Qi army took advantage of the situation and rushed to kill. The soldiers and civilians in the city followed closely to help the battle. The Yan army fought for their lives and trampled on each other. The soldiers were killed in the chaos. Tian Dan led his army to pursue the victory, and the people of Qi State also armed themselves to help. They quickly drove the Yan army out of the country and recovered more than 70 lost cities. This is the famous "Fire Bull Formation" in history. Later, Ying Fazhang returned to Linzi (now northeast of Zibo, Shandong) and officially ascended the throne as King Qixiang. Tian Dan was granted the title of Lord Anping. Worshiped as Prime Minister of Zhao According to "Warring States Policy", Empress Tian Dan was appointed as a general of Zhao and was granted the title of Du Ping Jun. Zhao State used three big cities plus some small villages and towns, and fifty-seven of them were given to Qi State in exchange for Tian Dan. Tian Dan captured three small cities in Yan State for Zhao State. Historical evaluation of Xunzi: "Qi's Tiandan, Chu's Zhuangqiao, Qin's Shang Yang, and Yan's Miaoqi are all what the world calls good at using troops." Sima Qian: ① "Soldiers who are in harmony with each other will win with surprise. Those who are good at it , there are endless surprises. The strangeness and righteousness come from each other, just like the unprovoked ring. The husband is like a virgin at first, and he is suitable for opening an account; later, he is like a stray rabbit, and it is not as good as the distance; the land is so unlucky that it is evil! Tian Dan used Jimo to defeat the cavalry, and then saved Qi Sheji. There is no such thing as a person who is famous for his success and will continue to be safe." Lu Bu said: "In the past, Leyi attacked Qi and conquered more than seventy cities, but Ju and Jimo were not able to attack. This is because Tiandan was among them." Dong Zhao: "In the last days of Tian Dan, he drove the people of Qi to avenge the weak Yan, captured the city for seventy years, and welcomed King Xiang back. King Xiang rewarded Shan, so that in the east he had the title of Yeyi, and in the west he had the title of Fenshang. "Yu." Liu Yin: "Husbands Tian Dan and Bao Xu, the minor officials of Qi and Chu, can still survive the ruined country, and the country has been completely defeated." Tian Dan ("Historical Generals" in "Three Kingdoms 12") Sima Zhen: " The military law is upright, and the soldiers are still in danger. The rebels are the first, and the five bulls are defeated and the soldiers are defeated. The king of Xiang succeeds and is granted the title of Anping. In the past, Tian Dan was a country that was about to be destroyed, and he was on the verge of victory. He waited for the Yan army on the night of no danger, and used his flint tail to attack the powerful oxen. Defeated, the deep hatred of three defeats was restored." Wang Anshi said: "The king of Min is marching together, and the Yan is in the dead area. , The legend of Lei Di's achievements and reputation is unworthy of Confucianism. Sincerity can inspire the soil, isn't Wang Yi a virtuous man? "Shan relied on the gods to make the crowd. He also said: "The enemy is angry." Shan ordered the Yan army to surrender. He also said: "In the beginning, the enemy opened an account; in the end, the enemy was unable to resist." He said humbly and promised to surrender, but unexpected troops rushed to attack Qi. "Hong Mai said: "Yan Leyi attacked Qi and conquered more than seventy cities. The only ones left were the two cities of Ju and Jimo. Thanks to Tian Dan's strength, they were restored to Qi. A man of great size has nothing to lose." Xu Jun: "It's great to run with drums and bulls, and one city can win all the cities back. Who knows that Jimo has been training the generals in various countries. The country's fate has not been lost, but the people are still fighting. The bandits are invincible, but the generals have made peace. The cows were digging into the city. They looked at the turtles and turned into scales. They were named Sun and Ying, and they were named throughout the ages. In the market, who knows what to do? The Yan soldiers broke through the iron cage, and the people laughed and fought for the door. Knowing that the new king was not in harmony with Yi, he made an appointment to surrender and set fire to the ox, which shocked the eyes of more than 70 cities. Once he was restored, he welcomed King Xiang. In the third year of Jianzhong of the Tang Dynasty (782), the etiquette envoy Yan Zhenqing suggested to Tang Dezong that 64 famous ancient generals should be honored and temples should be built in their honor, including "Anping Jun Tian Dan". . At the same time, the only ones included in the list of temple privileges were: Sun Bin, Zhao She, Lian Po, Li Mu, and Wang Jian. In the fifth year of Xuanhe in the Song Dynasty (1123), the Song Dynasty followed the practice of the Tang Dynasty and established temples for famous ancient generals. Tian Dan was also among the seventy-two famous generals. Anecdotes and Allusions: Untying Qiu to Save People One evening in the severe winter of this year, Tian Dan finished handling political affairs in the court, took a car, and wanted to return to Anping City. At this time, the sky was covered with heavy goose feather snow, and the whistling northwest wind blew on people, cutting them like swords. The branches were swaying, making sharp screams, and several jackdaws were shaking their wings in mid-air, making bursts of sounds. Wail, the weather is so cold. Tian Dan's car left the east gate of Linzi City and reached the bank of the Zi River. A gust of cold wind blew. Tian Dan couldn't help shivering, and he hurriedly wrapped up his clothes tightly. At this moment, he suddenly saw a person lying in the snow on the roadside not far ahead. Tian Dan quickly asked the coachman to stop the car, got out of the car and walked closer. He saw an old man, with a hunched body, huddled on the snow. The old man's clothes were tattered and thin, his face was thin and wrinkled, and his beard and hair were like snow. White, complexion sallow, eyes closed tightly. Tian Dan hurriedly leaned down and reached out to touch the old man's body. The old man's limbs were already cold, only a trace of warmth remained in his chest, and there was still a slight breath in his nose. Tian Dan understood that the old man's life was at stake and he could not waste a moment. He didn't have time to think too much, he immediately unbuttoned his shirt, then unbuttoned the old man's shirt, quickly picked up the old man, and hugged him tightly chest to chest. The feeling can be imagined, it is like holding a piece of ice, cold to the bone. Tian Dan hugged the old man and got into the car, asking the driver to speed up and rush to Anping City.

Tian Dan When Tian Dan returned home, he felt that the old man had some warmth, a faint blush appeared on his face, and his breath became stronger. Tian Dan quickly asked his family to take good care of him, and the old man was finally saved. The story of Tian Dan undressing and rescuing people in the snow spread quickly throughout the Qi State. People all praised the Prime Minister for loving the people like a son, and respected Tian Dan even more. It is called "Tian Dan Jiaqiu Department". Tian and Zhao discussed war. According to the "Warring States Policy", after the battle between Yan and Zhao, Tian Dan once discussed war with Zhao She. Contrary to Zhao She's opinion, Tian Dan believes that more soldiers is not better, because a large number of soldiers will affect domestic farming and cause difficulties in food supply, which is a "self-defeating way", because the ancient emperors had no more than 30,000 troops, so they would It can make the princes of the world surrender, but Zhao She believed that at that time, he must have 100,000 or 200,000 troops to "subdue the world". This is where Tian Dan was not convinced by Zhao She. However, Zhao She later said that in ancient times, the world was divided into ten thousand kingdoms. The largest city was no more than three hundred feet long, and the largest population was no more than three thousand families. It would not be difficult for a general to attack or defend with thirty thousand soldiers. But at that time, only the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period survived. It can be said that cities with thousands of feet and towns with thousands of families can be found everywhere. There is no guarantee of victory in a field battle with 30,000 soldiers, and there is no hope of siege. He believed that Tian Dan not only did not know how to use troops, but also had a pitiful understanding of the real world. Tian Dan listened and sighed that he didn't think so far. Later, the King of Yan named Rong Jian, a native of the Song Dynasty, the Lord of Gaoyang and attacked the State of Zhao. King Zhao planned to follow the example of King Yan and cede the three cities of Jidong, Linglu, Gaotang, and Pingyuanling, and fifty-seven cities to Qi in exchange for Qi's Tiandan leading the Zhao army to attack Yan. Lord Pingyuan also agreed to this approach , but was opposed by Zhao She, who commented that this behavior was like "overturning an army and killing a general." Zhao She believed that the State of Zhao was not without famous generals. He used himself as an example, pointing out that he had served as an official in the State of Yan and was familiar with the geography and situation of the State of Yan. It was more suitable for him to lead the army to attack Yan than Tian Dan. After all, Tian Dan was from the Qi State. Since the successful defeat of Yan would only be beneficial to the Zhao State, and a strong Zhao State would mean the end of Qi State's hegemony, Tian Dan, as a Qi State person, would not do such a stupid thing. However, Lord Pingyuan did not listen to Zhao She's opinion, and in the second year, Tian Dan became the prime minister of Zhao. Tomb Site Protection Tiandan Tomb is located about 700 meters southeast of Huangcheng Camp in today's Huangcheng Town. Slightly square in shape, 5 meters high, 23 meters from north to south, and 33 meters from east to west. In front of the tomb was a stone tablet erected in the seventh year of the Republic of China, with the inscription: "Tomb of Qi Prime Minister Tian Dan", which has been lost. In front of the tomb is the "Tian Dan's Tomb" stone tablet erected by the Linzi District Government, which is a provincial key cultural relic unit.

Tian Dan Tomb