At present, the distribution of giant pandas in China is very narrow.

1 inscription

Read paragraph 9~ 15 of the text National Treasure-Giant Panda and do the following questions.

At present, the distribution of giant pandas in China is very narrow, only found in Minshan, Qionglai and Liangshan in Sichuan Province, the southern edge of Gansu Province and the southern foot of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, with an altitude of 2,000-3,500m. In sparsely populated forest areas, most of the mountains are cliffs and towering into the sky, but some are gentle slopes. The hillside is covered with dense virgin forest. The mountains are shrouded in clouds, with vast smoke waves, moist air, rich springs, moss everywhere, and lush plants mixed with all kinds of bamboo. The giant panda living here lives with Nenzhuquan all the year round and becomes a "bamboo hermit".

The scientific name of the giant panda is actually "panda", which means "bear like a cat". That is, "it is similar to bears in essence and cats in appearance." Strictly speaking, "panda" is a wrong noun. This "wrong case" was caused by this: before liberation, the Beibei Museum in Chongqing, Sichuan had exhibited panda specimens, and the word "panda" was written horizontally from left to right on the instruction board. But at that time, the horizontal headlines of newspapers were used to reading from right to left, so the reporter mistakenly wrote "Panda" in the report. The word "panda" is widely spread by the media, and it is difficult to correct it if you get used to it. Therefore, if people make mistakes, they are called "pandas".

In fact, scientists named the giant panda "Panda" because its ancestors were similar to bears, belonging to the order Carnivora.

Later, the bear kept the habit of eating meat, while the giant panda gave up vegetarianism, preferring bamboo and occasionally eating corn stalks and young fir bark. Why is this? According to scientists' research, although the distant ancestor of the giant panda was a carnivore, he had to eat bamboo all over the mountain because he couldn't find meat. From generation to generation, he developed the habit of eating bamboo. Giant pandas eat 17 kinds of bamboo, among which cold arrow bamboo and orange bamboo are the favorite. But bamboo has few nutrients, mainly indigestible cellulose, so giant pandas eat a lot. An adult giant panda must eat at least 15 ~ 20kg of bamboo every day and night, and excrete a lot of indigestible cellulose. Where giant pandas are active, it is easiest to find piles of cellulose feces. But giant pandas sometimes show carnivorous nature, preying on animals such as bamboo rats.

The range of activities of giant pandas is closely related to the seasons. In winter and spring, most people live in valleys with no snow or less snow below 3000 meters. Activity as usual in winter, no habit of hibernation. In summer and autumn, it is mostly active in areas above 3000 meters. When the weather is hot, I often go to streams and rivers in ravines to drink water, and sometimes I go swimming in the water. Giant pandas have no fixed habitat. They wander everywhere, where they go, where they eat and where they sleep. Although it is heavy and fat, it can't walk steadily, but it is quite clever to climb the village. Its hearing is very sensitive, and when it is disturbed, it will climb to the top of a tall tree very flexibly to hide.

Giant pandas are usually withdrawn. Only in estrus will men and women live together temporarily. Their fertility is very low. Usually they have one child per child, and sometimes they can have two. Dead tree holes are often used as nests during childbirth. Strangely, an adult panda weighs more than 100 kg, but the newborn panda is surprisingly small, weighing only 0. 1 ~ 0. 15 kg, which, like mice, is only one thousandth of the maternal weight, so it is not easy to survive. It takes about two years for a giant panda to grow up from birth.

It is precisely because of the difficulties in breeding and survival of giant pandas that there are only a handful of wild giant pandas in China today, with an estimated number of only 1000.

1. Please summarize the contents of paragraphs 9~ 13 in one sentence. (Summarize each paragraph accurately)

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2. What are the main ways to explain these seven paragraphs? Please give an example. (Pay attention to the word "main" in the stem)

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3. Paragraph 10 says that people should admit their mistakes and call them "pandas". What is the reason for this mistake? Please find out. Tell me what education you can get from it. (open topic, more contact with reality)

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Although the giant panda has high requirements for the living environment, it also has an adaptive side, so it is an ancient animal with a history of 3 million years. Please find some examples from the text to illustrate this point.

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5. Paragraph 13: "Its hearing is very sensitive. When disturbed, it will be very flexible to climb to the top of a big tree and hide. " What are the characteristics of "Giant Panda 2" emphasized by the two "extraordinary"? (according to the context)

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6. In paragraph 14, which two methods are used to specify the number and size of panda babies? Please specify. (Understand the function of the interpretation method adopted)

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7. According to the explanations in these paragraphs, please tell me why the giant panda is a rare wild animal. As long as you list the main points, such as the first point listed below, you don't need to write the specific content. )

(1) The distribution area of giant pandas is very narrow.

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Two answers

1. Explain the growth environment, living habits and range of activities of wild giant pandas in China.

2. Column number.

Strangely, a panda weighing more than 100 kg, the newborn panda is surprisingly small, weighing only 0. 1-0. 15 kg, which, like mice, is only one thousandth of the female panda's weight, so it is not easy to survive.

3. The reporter misread and misspelled, which is difficult to correct once it is spread. The understanding of things should not stay on the surface, but go deep into the essence, and ask why when things happen. At the same time, we should improve people's scientific literacy. (That's right)

It used to be a carnivore, but later it couldn't find meat, so it ate bamboo.

5. It emphasizes its own sensitivity and superb tree climbing skills.

6. List the figures and compare them. "Generally, one litter bears one cub", and sometimes two cubs can be born, indicating that the cubs are "few". The newborn panda weighs only 0. 1~0. 15 kg, which is only one thousandth of the maternal weight, indicating that the cub panda is "small".

7. "Omission".

3 kaodian carding

Explanatory reading method

Explanatory text:

It is an article genre with explanation as the main form of expression, which gives people knowledge by explaining things and clarifying things.

It explains the characteristics, essence and regularity of things by revealing concepts.

Explanatory text generally introduces the shape, structure, category, relationship and function of things, and explains the principle, significance, characteristics and evolution of things.

Descriptive words are very practical, including advertisements, instructions, abstracts, tips, rules, articles of association, comments, scientific sketches and so on.

Explanatory writing is one of the three practical styles, which is mainly expressed by explanation. It is used to introduce or explain the state, nature, structure, function, production method, invention process and reason of things, so that readers can understand this thing or reason and give people knowledge.

Classification of explanatory texts:

First, according to the different objects and purposes of interpretation, interpretation can be divided into two categories: thing explanation and thing explanation.

However, sometimes in an explanatory article, introducing things and explaining things are often used interchangeably.

1. Description of things:

Explain that the object is a concrete thing. By objectively and accurately explaining the shape, structure, nature, characteristics and uses of specific things, readers can understand and understand this or this kind of things.

2. Explanatory text:

Explain that the object is abstract. Explain the reasons, relationships and principles of abstract things clearly, so that readers can know what they are and why, and understand why this thing is like this. This is its main purpose.

Therefore, whether it is the elaboration of things or the elaboration of things, the author is required to truly introduce the object of explanation, among which we feel the scientific spirit in the article.

Explanatory writing is a stylistic form that introduces things in detail, while expository writing is a stylistic form that introduces truth in detail.

The difference is that the former is for things and the latter is for truth. The object of explanation is what you want to explain.

Second, according to the different characteristics of expository writing language, expository writing can be divided into simple expository writing and vivid expository writing.

Vivid exposition is also called literary exposition (scientific paper or knowledge paper).

Thirdly, according to the different systems of expository writing, it can also be divided into natural science and social science (such as China Stone Arch Bridge).

There are usually two types of explanatory texts:

1. Total score formula

Common structural forms of things description texts;

(1) total-points, such as Suzhou Gardens (summarize the whole first, then divide it. There is no summative language at the end)

(2) total-sub-total, such as the Palace Museum.

Three points in all.

Step 2: Gradually.

Explain the common structural forms of the text: the relationship between layers is from shallow to deep, from the outside to the inside, from phenomenon to essence. The relationship between the layers is gradual. Like marching into the desert.

3. Differentiate the methods of explaining the structure of the article

Clarify the relationship between paragraphs and parts. Recognize how paragraphs and parts are combined, whether they are parallel or progressive.

The difference between expository writing and expository writing;

1. The description of things aims to introduce the physical characteristics of things, such as "Zhou Nan June Litchi Dan" and "China Stone Arch Bridge". Dinosaurs in Chinese textbooks, underwater world and so on.

2. Interpretation aims to explain the truth or inherent laws of things, such as "reverence for nature". Like procedural expositions, writing expositions also needs to follow three principles:

1 Understand things. You can know the truth of the matter by observing and studying in person or consulting materials. Only when you understand the truth first can you introduce it to others;

② Arrange the writing order. Explanatory text first follows the logical order (causality, progression, etc.), that is, the internal relationship of things and the law of understanding things.

Logical order should not only be used in paragraph relations, but also be written in this order between sentences;

(3) Choose an appropriate method of use.

Explanatory reading steps and skills:

First of all, we should clearly explain the object and master the interpretation methods (number of columns, analogy, comparison, etc.). ) and the interpretation order (spatial order, chronological order, logical order) used to explain the objects, as well as the words that reflect the accuracy of the interpretation language in the article and the expression effect of these words.

In addition, the structural forms of expository texts will also be examined in expository reading, such as total score (total score, total score-total score, total score-total score), juxtaposition, coherence and progression.

Explanatory text takes "explanation" as the main expression and teaching scientific knowledge as the fundamental task, introducing things, clarifying things and explaining the laws of their movement, change and development.

Therefore, when reading this kind of article, it is natural to grasp the object of explanation and its characteristics and see how it is "said".

"third reading":

(a), reading the outline-the overall grasp of the main points.

The purpose of expository writing is to tell the reader something or something.

The knowledge conveyed by the author is explanation, which is the central idea of plain text. There are three main methods:

1. First of all, you can grasp the title of the article and make a clear statement.

As the saying goes, "the title is the eye of the article", and the title of the explanatory text often reveals the center of the explanation.

2. Secondly, we can grasp the structure of the article and summarize the main points of explanation.

General expositions tend to focus on a main issue or content, while some expositions need us to summarize the small explanatory points to form the explanatory points of the full text.

In addition, you can grasp the order of explanation and make the main points clear.

Everything has its own order, and people know things according to a certain order, so sorting out the order of articles is helpful to clarify the center of explanation.

(B), reading carefully-detailed discussion methods

If you want to explain things clearly, you must be inseparable from the explanation method.

Therefore, when reading expository articles, we should grasp the main methods of expository articles, and make clear the relationship and function of various methods of expository articles, so as to grasp the content and structure of expository articles more accurately.

(C), reading taste-to capture the emotional point of chewing

Like other styles, expository writing also "tells" the author's emotional attitude, which is also indispensable for us to understand the text.

Reflections on the reading structure of expository texts;

(1) Grasp the description object and identify the description method.

1. Frequently asked questions: indicate the characteristics of the object to be explained or the object to be explained in the form of multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blank questions or short-answer questions.

What is the purpose of this article? What is the explanation of this article? Draft slogans, make suggestions, etc.

2, grasp the object and characteristics, can start from the following two aspects:

(1) Look at the topics, many of which are objects. Generally described objects can be found in the title.

② Grasp the first enclosing sentence and the central sentence. Good expository texts often use this sentence to highlight the things and characteristics of expository texts.

(2) Clearly explain the order and analyze the structure of the article.

1. Common questions are: indicate the whole or part of the interpretation order in the form of multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blank questions or short-answer questions; Or clearly explain the level of the text, directly divide the structure of the full text or divide the level of a paragraph.

2. There are three common interpretation orders: chronological order, spatial order and logical order.

3. Common structural forms of explanatory text: total score, total score and total score.

4. Grasp the characteristics of logical order, spatial order and logical order, and make clear the order of interpretation. There are two common methods: ① Look at the content and distinguish the order. Introduce the characteristics, types, causes and functions. Of things, usually in logical order; Explain the development and change process of things, generally in chronological order; Spatial order is generally used to describe the shape and structure of things. (2) Find keywords to distinguish the order. Spatial order generally uses locative words; Time order generally uses time nouns; The logical order generally uses words such as "because", "so", "first", "second", "in short" and "comprehensive description". ▲ The description order is clear, and the description structure can be divided according to the order.

(3) Explain the language and summarize the language features. There are two common problems:

1, explaining the understanding and discrimination of the function of words in the text;

What are the advantages of the word "↓↓"?

② Can the words "↓↓" be removed from the sentence? Why?

(3) The judgment that demonstrative pronouns refer to objects in paragraphs.

2. Analyze and appreciate the language. There are two main types of questions about the understanding and taste of Chinese sentences in explanatory texts:

Please find a sentence that can reflect the accuracy and scientificity of the interpretation language to analyze.

② What are the linguistic features of "ⅹⅹⅹ"?

3. Language should be standardized when answering questions:

What are the advantages of the word "↓↓"?

Answer format: The use of the word "↓↓↓↓↓" vividly (accurately) explains the characteristics of ... things and can stimulate readers' interest in reading (practical and scientific).

② Can the word "ⅹⅹⅹⅹ" added in the sentence be removed or replaced? Why?

Three steps to answer questions:

A. Make a statement clearly indicating "irremovable" or "irreplaceable";

B. strengthen words in combination with context;

C. Compare the changed words or added words, and deduce the language feature of the explanatory text-"accuracy".

Answer format:

No, use the word "I love you"

No, delete "this sentence"

Explanatory text:

The purpose of explanation is to "benefit people with knowledge", which largely shows a person's knowledge level and the accuracy, clarity and order of thinking. To use the explanation method accurately, we must have a clear mind, keen observation ability and rich knowledge reserve. In addition, the following points should be noted:

1. Grasp the characteristics to explain things.

Everything has its own characteristics, which is the most essential and main aspect that distinguishes this thing from other things. Therefore, to introduce this thing clearly, we must grasp its characteristics and be accurate; Not only writing expository articles, but also reading expository articles should grasp the characteristics of things in order to clearly understand the things introduced by the author.

2. Choose a good explanation angle.

Things are often characterized by diversity. If you look at the same thing from different angles, you will find that it has more than one feature. There are countless examples of the diversity of things. Because of this, we are required to choose a good angle, determine the key points and tell things in detail according to different writing purposes and readers.

3. Reasonably arrange the explanation sequence.

In order to accurately and clearly explain the characteristics of things, we must also choose a reasonable order for anatomy according to the organizational structure and internal characteristics of things themselves.

The so-called rationality refers to an explanation sequence that is based on the characteristics of things, conforms to the cognitive law, and is easy to explain and understand.

Common command sequences are:

(1) Descriptions that mainly explain the structure of things are often explained according to the combination order of things' components or the order in which people observe things;

(2) Descriptive articles that mainly explain the development process of things are often explained according to the time sequence of the formation of things;

(3) Descriptive texts that mainly explain the interrelationships and characteristics of certain things are often explained first as a whole and then locally;

(4) Descriptive texts that mainly explain scientific experiments are often explained in the order of the experiments themselves.

Finally, it is pointed out that the reasonable order has certain flexibility and needs more practice and diligent summary and accumulation.

4. Appropriate use of various interpretation methods.

Appropriate and flexible use of various interpretation methods is conducive to introducing things (or things) clearly and vividly.

The commonly used explanation methods are: general explanation; Definition description; Explain; Classification description; For example; Citation description; Contrastive description; Digital description; Chart description; Image description and so on.

Which method to choose depends on the needs and the author's own writing habits, but most of them use various interpretation methods to make the article vivid and convenient for readers to know and understand the things (or things) introduced.

5. Use accurate and concise language.

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