What techniques should be paid attention to when raising native chickens in Pu 'er, Yunnan?

Native chickens, also known as grass chickens and stupid chickens, refer to broilers raised in forests and orchards in Shan Ye. Meat and eggs are green food because of their delicious meat, rich nutrition and no pollution. In recent years, they have been favored by people and their prices have been rising.

1. Benefit analysis: At present, the price of improved broilers in the market is per kilogram 18 yuan, while the price of native chickens is about per kilogram 18 yuan to 20 yuan. Raising a 2 kg native chicken, after deducting the feeding cost, can get the net profit 16 yuan. In addition, each chicken lays 125 eggs a year, and the price of each egg is 0.5 yuan, with at least 50 yuan's income. If a farmer keeps 500 chickens, he can earn 1 10,000 yuan a year.

2. Mountain selection: The stocking area must be far away from residential areas, industrial and mining areas and main roads, the environment should be quiet and peaceful, the air should be fresh, and there should be clean water sources such as pollution-free streams and ponds nearby.

3. Shedding: In the southern region, you can find a flat land facing the sun and lee in the stocking area, and build a simple chicken shed with bamboo, canvas and linoleum facing south, or build a plastic shed to provide a place for chickens to have a lunch break and rest. In the northern Loess Plateau, you can build earth holes according to the mountain situation, and you can also build chicken racks for chickens to rest at night.

4. Stocking scale: It is appropriate to stock 2,000 feathers in a forest land, with large scale, small scale, low benefit and inconvenient management. It can be stocked from late spring to Mid-Autumn Festival. In winter, the temperature is low, and the number of cordyceps sinensis decreases, so we should stop eating it.

5. Stocking method: Native chickens should be selected from improved varieties with strong disease resistance. Before the age of 3-4 weeks, like ordinary brooding, choose a room with good thermal insulation for artificial brooding, and then move to the mountains for stocking after the temperature drops. When chickens first started stocking, they didn't have the habit of foraging in the mountains, so they had to rely on manual training. It usually takes two people to cooperate. One person whistles and throws feed in front, so that the chickens behind can grab the food, and the other person drives them away with branches in the back until all the chickens go up the hill. At noon every day, make up the whistle and make up the meal in the mountains 1 time, and strengthen training. In the evening, chickens should be trained to return to their rooms in the same way. After training for about 10 days, chickens will establish conditioned reflex.

6. Precautions: In order to prevent stress a few days before stocking, a certain amount of vitamin C or multivitamins can be added to feed or drinking water; Do not use antibiotics and insect repellent for 3 months before coming out of the cage.

The mountainous area is sparsely populated, with vast natural grassland and woodland, and rich feeding resources, which provides superior geographical conditions for modern native chicken grazing and feeding. Local breeders are famous for their tender meat, delicious taste and high nutritional value, and are deeply loved by people. The following will introduce the stocking management technology of native chicken as follows:

First, the preparation work before feeding:

1. Location: The chicken farm should be high and dry, with sufficient water, convenient drainage and quiet environment.

Grassland, river valley, woodland, orchard, etc. A sunny place.

2. Build a henhouse: build a henhouse in a place with high forest land. The henhouse can be built with bamboo and wood frame and linoleum (asbestos tile or nylon cloth). The shed is 2.5 meters high and is surrounded by nylon net or barbed wire (plastic sheets are used to keep warm in winter). The henhouse is built of bamboo and wood, about 0.3 meters from the ground, which separates the chicken from the ground. The area of the henhouse is determined according to the number of breeding, generally per square meter 15-20, which is mainly used for

Second, the choice of chicken breeds.

In order to prevent the invasion of foreign diseases, we should make a field trip before selecting chicks. We should try our best to choose a brooding factory with complete breeder registration, standardized management and sound epidemic prevention system in local chicken farms with no history of infectious diseases, and choose excellent local varieties with strong resistance, such as Sanhuang Chicken, Maji Chicken and Laihang Chicken.

Third, the feeding of young birds.

1. Start eating and drinking at the right time: first raise chicks indoors, and give them drinking water 1-2 hours after entering the house. 5% glucose and multivitamins can be added to the water or 0.0 1% potassium permanganate solution can be prepared for drinking, so as to enhance the chicken's physique, relieve the emergency response and facilitate meconium discharge. The water temperature is generally close to the shed temperature (20-22℃). Chickens usually start eating 24 hours after hatching. You can feed it with broken rice at first, and then feed it with whole grain feed after 3 days of age.

2. Control the temperature in the henhouse: the temperature of the newly hatched chicks is required to be 35℃ (the temperature is the same as that of the chicken's back), and then it is reduced by 65438 0℃ every five days, and finally it is reduced to 20-22℃ at the age of 35-42 days. At the same time of heat preservation, ventilation is needed. Commonly used insulation methods include cardboard boxes, hot kang, brooding cages, etc. The brooding method of hot kang is: the kang is made of bricks, arched with bamboo pieces, and the height of the shed is 0.8- 1.0 meters. The plastic film is covered around it to make a simple shed, which is covered with short wheat straw and dry sawdust. The padding on the kang should also be replaced every 2-3 days.

3. Proper illumination: 1 day-old chicks should be photographed for 23 hours (the light bulb should not be too big, just one per kang 15-25W), and the illumination of 2- 15-day-old chicks should be reduced 1 hour every day, and no supplementary illumination will be given after 16-day-old chicks.

4. The feeding density in the house should be suitable: 40-50 chicks at 0- 10 day, 30-40 chicks at 10-20 day, 20-30 chicks at 20-30 day and 20 chicks at 42 day.

5, pay attention to ventilation: the henhouse should be ventilated to ensure enough oxygen for the chicken, but to prevent thieves.

6. Feed insoluble gravel regularly. Gravel can enhance the digestive function of chickens and is beneficial to the growth and development of chickens.

Four, stocking time and stocking density:

After 20 days in the house, you can choose sunny days. For the first few days, put it for 2-4 hours every day, and then gradually extend the time. 30 days in summer, 35 days in spring and autumn, and 45 days in winter, you can move it outside. When you first enter the forest land, you should use nylon net to limit it to a small range and then gradually expand it. It's best to use barbed wire fence to rotate in different regions, and put one place every week, with 0/00-/0/50 heads per mu.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Feeding management:

Complete feed for chickens. Feed it 6 times a day in the first week, 5 times a day in the second week, 4 times a day in the third to fourth weeks, and 3 times a day in the fifth to sixth weeks. After the seventh week, gradually switch to adult chicken feed and reduce the feeding amount. After the first week of stocking, feed 1 time in the morning and evening, and feed once every night in the second week. After 5 weeks, the local high-quality and fast-growing breeders can be gradually replaced with miscellaneous grains such as corn.

VI. Disease Prevention and Control

1, epidemic prevention: 1 day-old chicks were injected with Marek's vaccine subcutaneously; Eye drops or nasal drops of chicken infectious bronchial vaccine for 5-7 days old; 10 day old infectious bursal disease vaccine for drinking water; The first immunization with 12- 15-day-old Newcastle disease ⅱ or ⅳ vaccine; 20-day-old chest intramuscular injection or neck subcutaneous injection of avian influenza vaccine; Vaccination with fowlpox vaccine 1 time at the age of 30 days and 75 days, subcutaneous inoculation, and second Newcastle disease immunization at the age of 2 months. After vaccination, Vc, quick supplement 14 and amino acid glucose oral liquid can be added to feed or drinking water to enhance the immune effect.

2. Drug prevention: 4-2 1 day-old chickens are most prone to dysentery, and drugs are added to the feed for prevention from the third day. Preventive drugs such as penicillin, oxytetracycline, garlic juice, etc. Chicken coccidiosis easily occurs at the age of 15-60 days. Keqiu powder, chlorobenzene guanidine, penicillin, etc. Drinking water can be added, and the drug can be stopped for 2 days after continuous administration for 5 days. In order to reduce and control the drug residues in chicken, synthetic drugs should not be used as much as possible in the middle and late stages of disease prevention and control of broilers, and traditional Chinese medicine and biological control should be used more.

Seven, timely sales: the appropriate feeding period is an important link to improve meat quality. The feeding period is short, the meat contains a lot of water, the accumulation of nutrients is not enough, the umami and aromatic substances are less, the meat quality is not good, and the taste is not fresh, which can not meet the standards of high-quality chickens. The feeding cycle is too long, the muscle fiber is too old, and the feeding cost is too high and uneconomical. According to the growth physiology and nutrient accumulation characteristics of native chickens, and the characteristics that cockerels grow faster and mature earlier than hens, small-meat cocks are listed about 100 days and hens 120 days; Medium-sized meat cocks 1 10 days or so, and hens 130 days. At this time, the chicken is fresh and tender, which is the best period of physique, quality and cost.

Eight, strengthen management

1. Disposal of dead chickens: If sick chickens are found to be isolated in time, they should be buried or burned immediately, and the utensils and articles on the site should be disinfected with 0.2-0.4% peroxycaproic acid.

2. Hygiene and disinfection of the henhouse: the utensils and articles in the henhouse should be cleaned frequently and kept clean. The chicken manure in the shed is cleaned every half month, disinfected with 10%-20% quicklime water, sealed with nylon cloth, and fumigated with 40% formalin solution. After stocking the same forest land for 2-3 years, another forest land should be replaced, and the forest land should be naturally purified for more than 2 years, and chickens should be raised after comprehensive disinfection.

3. Keep away from rats or other animals: Forest land or grassland is enclosed with barbed wire, nylon net or bamboo fence to prevent chickens from fleeing or wild animals from invading.

4. Pay attention to the weather change: listen to the local weather forecast in time, and do a good job of wind, rain, leakage and harm prevention in the chicken house before the rain and snow come.