Teaching of "Can Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Develop Pasture Animal Husbandry"

This is an activity question in the textbook. To be honest, I didn't analyze this problem carefully before several teachers gave an analysis in class. In the process of listening to the class, I felt that this problem was the connection point of two teaching levels at first. Grassland grazing in pampas is just an example of the world's agricultural regional types. Case teaching pays attention to "going in and going out". "Going in" is to deeply understand the regular things hidden in the case, and "going out" is to transfer these refined regular things to other situations to analyze new problems. Therefore, in order to guide students to "go out" after analyzing the release of animal husbandry in pampas grassland pasture, the textbook puts forward the new situation of animal husbandry development in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other regions in China. Obviously, the solution to this problem cannot be generalized, and different teachers can use it flexibly in different student groups. In this selection of teaching stars, there are some passing by and some detailed analysis. Two teachers have analyzed it in detail, and the process conclusion is relatively close. After I came back, I searched Baidu and found that this is also the basic treatment of many teachers. The basic process and conclusions are as follows: Can the production mode of pampas grassland pasture animal husbandry be adopted in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang? (Multimedia presentation) There are problems with the maps of four pastoral areas in China, the dry and wet areas in China and the population distribution map in China (organized discussion and summarized by the teacher): 1 There is no marketization, randomness and blindness in production, which leads to poor sales of livestock products. 2. Overgrazing on grasslands leads to ecological deterioration in various places. 3. The industrial structure is single, and the development of secondary and tertiary industries is slow. 4. The product competitiveness is low, and it can't adapt to the international market competition after China's entry into WTO. 5. Low ability to resist natural disasters. 6. Science and technology and education can't keep up with the needs of economic and social development. 7. Small-scale peasant economy-style family management, especially in pastoral areas with vast land and sparsely populated areas, is difficult to give full play to regional industrial characteristics to develop the economy. Experience for reference: we can't copy it, but we can learn from its successful experience. First of all, I admire the teachers for their meticulous research and complete data collection. Secondly, I think many formulations seem too subjective. Among them, the most crucial thing is to completely deny the current animal husbandry mode in China and abandon the traditional local nomadic mode. The following are excerpts from some related expositions of two scholars on this issue. The first is Hao Bing's exposition in the article "Fences on the Grassland" in chinese national geography magazine. Similar to the grasslands in Africa, the grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia is also unbalanced. In other words, whether the grass grows well every year depends more on the precipitation of that year. The annual rainfall of Inner Mongolia grassland is very unstable in spatial distribution, so the change of annual rainfall will bring about the change of local vegetation in each year, and it is difficult to predict which area will grow well and which area will not grow well next year. Therefore, the mobility of animal husbandry is very important, and only mobility can make full use of grassland resources. The nomadic life handed down from generation to generation by herders is actually based on a deep understanding of the ecological laws in this area. Herdsmen also have their own very appropriate cultural expressions. When a child asks his mother, why do we Mongolians always wander and migrate, and can't we settle in one place? His mother told him that Mongolians regard heaven as their father, earth as their mother, water as their blood and vegetation as their gods. If you live in a place, Mother Earth, Etugen, will be very painful. Only when the Mongols wander and migrate will they flow like the blood of Mother Earth, making her feel comfortable all over. Therefore, nomadic flow mode is the most suitable production mode for vulnerable alpine humus grassland, which embodies the thinking mode of nomadic people's harmony between man and nature. Secondly, Zhou Gang said in his book The Rise and Fall of the Animal Husbandry Kingdom that the development of animal husbandry in the western United States has inspired China. Although the situation of land resources in China and the United States is very different, it is impossible to copy the experience of the United States, but the principle of using land policy to mobilize the enthusiasm of producers can be learned. On this basis, he thinks that the policy of distributing grassland to herders in western pastoral areas of China is worthy of recognition, and that this policy can further mobilize the enthusiasm of herders and promote the modernization of animal husbandry in western China. Secondly, an important reason for the rapid development of animal husbandry in the western United States after the Civil War is the absorption of funds from the eastern United States and foreign countries. According to this, Zhou Gang thinks that to realize the modernization of animal husbandry in the west, capital is a very prominent problem. How to introduce funds from developed eastern regions and foreign countries to invest in western animal husbandry is an urgent matter. However, when introducing funds, we should also be alert to the blindness and fanaticism in pastoral areas in the western United States. In other words, western pastoral areas should be active, prudent and maintain a scientific attitude in attracting investment. Third, the prosperity of America's "livestock kingdom" has benefited from the convenient transportation conditions provided by the transcontinental railway and its branch lines. According to this, Zhou Gang thinks: How to change the traffic situation in western pastoral areas of China has become a top priority; Road construction can't completely wait for state investment; In order to improve the traffic situation in western pastoral areas, we should not only build some branch lines of railway trunk lines to improve railway traffic, but also strengthen highway construction and form a highway traffic network. Fourthly, one of the main reasons for the rapid rise of the "livestock kingdom" in the United States is that the operators have economic minds and strong market awareness; From the very beginning, "Animal Husbandry Kingdom" combined pastoral areas with American capitalist market economy, and cattle and sheep animal husbandry was brought into the development track of American modernization. In view of this, Zhou Gang believes that the proportion of animal husbandry of small farmers without division of labor in western pastoral areas of China is huge, and the socialized production of family pastures is still in a secondary position, which restricts the modernization process of animal husbandry in China; In order to ensure the modernization of China's animal husbandry as soon as possible and make it develop steadily, healthily and continuously, we must change from small-scale peasant economy to socialist market economy, from "household contract system" for small-scale production to "specialized households" for socialized large-scale production, and establish modern pasture and animal husbandry companies. Fifth, the main reasons for the rapid decline of the "livestock kingdom" in the United States are not natural disasters and foreign competition. However, in order to extract excess profits, the monopoly capital of the United States used the laissez-faire policy implemented by the American government at that time to develop western pastoral areas in a predatory way of "grazing", which led to the rapid satiety and overgrazing of livestock in pastoral areas. According to this, Zhou Gang believes that modern scientific management methods should be adopted in western pastoral areas of China, and rotational grazing and separate grazing of cattle and sheep should be implemented to maintain the ecological balance of pastoral areas, prevent grassland desertification, avoid the passive situation of "relying on the sky to raise livestock" and make China's animal husbandry enter a virtuous circle. Sixth, one of the painful lessons of the decline of the "livestock kingdom" in the United States is that from the end of the civil war to the end of 19, although serious natural disasters such as drought, fire, locust plague, sandstorm and snowstorm often occurred in the western pastoral areas, in order to pursue excess profits, the livestock kings did not carry out disaster prevention and relief infrastructure at all, but only asked for it from the grasslands and raised their livestock by the sky. Faced with serious natural disasters, they are often at a loss. According to this, Zhou Gang believes that the western pastoral areas, which are still in the state of "relying on the sky to raise grazing", "reducing production due to major disasters" and "reducing production due to minor disasters", are in urgent need of capital investment, improving the living conditions of people and animals, strengthening weather forecasting, protecting the vegetation in pastoral areas, prohibiting deforestation, planting excellent forage grass, storing more winter forage grass, replacing traditional primitive nomadic methods with modern scientific production methods, and fundamentally enhancing the ability of disaster prevention. We must never blindly pursue profits and neglect capital construction. The analysis of the two transcends the single comparison of specific economic and geographical locations, and adds cultural, political and historical perspectives that we often lack. Geography should be comprehensive, and the comprehensive perspective should be respected by geography teachers.