Outline of geography review in the first volume of eighth grade

Outline of geography review in the first volume of eighth grade

China's territory is divided into two hemispheres, and China is located in the eastern hemisphere. Seen from the northern and southern hemispheres, China is located in the northern hemisphere. China is a country located in the east of Asia and the west of the Pacific Ocean. China has a land area of about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third only after Russian and Canadian.

Four ends of the territory: the northernmost point is on the center line of the main channel of Heilongjiang Province north of Mohe. Zengmu shoal at the southernmost tip of Nansha Islands in South China Sea. The easternmost point is at the intersection of the center line of Heilongjiang main channel and Wusuli River. The westernmost point is in Pamir Plateau of Xinjiang.

North and south span nearly 50 degrees latitude, mostly in temperate zone, a small part in tropical zone, no frigid zone. The sea areas bordering China are Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea from north to south. The east coast of Taiwan Province Island is directly adjacent to the Pacific Ocean; The west bank borders on the Taiwan Province Strait.

Chinese mainland has a long coastline of 1.8 million kilometers, and there are more than 5,000 islands such as Taiwan Province Island and Hainan Island offshore. Bohai Sea and Qiongzhou Strait are the inland seas of China. China is a country with both land and sea. China's land border is more than 20,000 kilometers long, and the land is adjacent to 14 countries.

There are six countries facing China across the sea: South Korea and Japan in the east; The southeast is the Philippines; To the south are Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia.

China's administrative divisions China's administrative divisions are basically divided into provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), counties (autonomous counties and cities) and townships (towns). * * * There are 34 provincial administrative units (23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions). See Table P9 10 in Volume III for the names, abbreviations and administrative centers of provincial administrative units.

On October 6th, 2005, the population of China was1.300 million, accounting for about 2 1% of the world's total population. China is the most populous country in the world. The average population density of China is 0/35 people per square kilometer/kloc, which is more than three times that of the world.

Spatial distribution characteristics of China population: high population density in the east and low population density in the west.

An important geographical dividing line of population: Heihe-Tengchong

In order to adapt population growth to economic and social development and resources and environmental conditions, the China government regards family planning as a basic national policy. Controlling population and improving population quality are the basic contents of China's population policy. The specific requirements are: late marriage and late childbirth, fewer births and better births.

The nationalities in China are made up of 56 nationalities. Among all ethnic groups, the Han nationality has the largest population, accounting for about 9 1.6% of the national population, while the other 55 ethnic groups have smaller populations, collectively referred to as ethnic minorities. Zhuang nationality is the most populous minority in China. Besides Zhuang, there are Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uygur, Yi, Tujia, Mongolian and Tibetan with a population of more than 4 million.

Han nationality is distributed all over the country, mainly in the east and middle, and ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast border areas.

Distribution characteristics of mixed nationalities in large and small communities. In areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities, regional ethnic autonomy is practiced.

China's topography China's topography is high in the west and low in the east, with roughly three steps.

The dividing line between the first and second steps: starting from Kunlun Mountain in the west, passing through Qilian Mountain in the southeast, and reaching the eastern edge of Hengduan Mountain.

The dividing line between the second and third steps: Daxing 'anling, Taihang Mountain, Wushan Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain in turn from northeast to southwest.

China has complex and diverse topography and vast mountains. China is a mountainous country, and the mountainous area accounts for about 1/3 of the national area. Traditionally, mountains, hills and rugged plateaus are collectively called mountains.

The mountainous area accounts for about 2/3 of the national area, and the plain area only accounts for a little more than110.

The mountains of our country

East-west mountain range: Tianshan-Yinshan Kunlun-Qinling Nanling

Northeast-southwest mountain range: Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain.

Changbai Mountain-Wuyishan Mountain Range in Taiwan Province Province

Arc mountain range: Himalayas

The main topographical areas of China are four plateaus, four great basin plains and three plains.

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest plateau in the world. The mountains are covered with snow-capped mountains and glaciers. "Looking at a mountain and a river from a distance" is a portrayal of the surface morphology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Inner Mongolia Plateau is the second largest plateau in China. The ground is flat, and many places are endless Yuan Ye.

The Loess Plateau is in a state of crisscross and fragmentation.

The karst terrain in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is rugged, and the locals call it "bazi".

Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin are located in the northwest inland of China, on the north and south sides of Tianshan Mountain. Tarim Basin is the largest basin in China, and the Taklimakan Desert in the basin is the largest desert in China. Located in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qaidam Basin is a typical inland plateau basin, known as the "cornucopia". Sichuan Basin is located in Sichuan Province.

The Northeast Plain consists of Songnen Plain in the north, Liaohe Plain in the south and Sanjiang Plain in the northeast. It is the largest plain in China. The North China Plain is also called Huanghuaihai Plain, and the Yellow River is the main force to shape the North China Plain.

The plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is known as the "water town". In addition to the three plains, there are some small plains, such as Chengdu Plain in Sichuan Basin and Pearl River Delta in Guangdong.

The main hills are from north to south, including Liaodong hills, Shandong hills and southeast hills.

Characteristics of temperature distribution in June and July of 65438 in China.

The main reason for the large temperature difference between north and south in 5438+ 10 is the winter wind.

0℃ isotherm (through Qinling-Huaihe River), what is the difference between the north and south rivers on this line in winter?

Qinling-Huaihe River is also the dividing line between north and south of China.

The hottest place in July and the coldest place in June, China 1, know the three major stoves in China (Chongqing, Nanjing and Wuhan).

Know five temperature zones in China (tropical zone, subtropical zone, warm temperate zone, middle temperate zone, frigid zone and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau).

The precipitation in China is decreasing from southeast to northwest.

Understand the area where 800mm and 400mm precipitation lines pass and its importance.

Understand the four dry and wet areas and their boundaries, and the relationship between these boundaries and various precipitation lines.

The two places with the most precipitation (Huoshaoliao) and the two places with the least precipitation (Toksun).