How to prevent green onions from being short, thin and empty?

Welsh onion is cold and heat resistant and has strong adaptability. It temporarily adapts to the dormant state in the hot and dry season. Whether overwintering in the open field or storing at low temperature in the cold winter festival, it will not be frozen. It is called "frozen onion" and is the most resistant vegetable. Welsh onion has high yield and is very resistant to storage. Usually, seeds are sown in stages in the open field and can be supplied all year round.

China is a big country with a long history of planting green onions. Onion is planted all over the country, especially in the northern provinces of China, such as Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin and other places, and many famous varieties of onion have emerged, such as Zhangqiu Onion in Shandong, Chaoyang Onion in Liaoyang, Bikeqi Onion in Inner Mongolia and Chishui Onion in Shaanxi.

When we buy green onions, we all like to choose long, thick and tight green onions, but we often find some short, thin and neither too tight nor too soft green onions. Here we call this kind of onion "snot" onion, which is soft and dripping, and no one wants it. What caused this?

First, the reason why onions are short, empty and thin

In the production of scallion, many factors will lead to short, thin and empty scallion, which will greatly reduce the yield and quality and the benefit.

On the whole, the main reasons for the short and thin green onions are as follows.

The reason of variety, soil and reason, the reason of planting time, the reason of planting depth, the reason of fertilizing water, the reason of cultivating soil, the reason of harvesting time, etc.

After planting green onions, after a short seedling period, they immediately entered the formation period of green onions. At first, the growth of green onions was slow, and after autumn, the leaves of green onions grew rapidly. Before and after dew, the pseudostems quickly extend and thicken, and enter the peak period of scallion formation, which is the key period of fertilizer and water management and the suitable season for soil softening. The average daily temperature dropped to 4? At 5℃ or in case of frost, the growth of leaves stops, and the growth of green onions is slow, and it enters the harvest season.

The short, thin and empty green onions are all caused by this period. So how to prevent it?

Second, methods to prevent scallion from becoming shorter and thinner

1, variety selection

Onions are divided into long white type and short white type, and the length of onions is related to varieties. In production, we should cultivate landrace green onion varieties.

Is the plant height of Changbai Welsh onion 80? 150 cm, onion 35? 65 cm, 3 thick? 5 cm, the thickness is similar from top to bottom. For example, Allium chinense has a tall plant type, and the plant height of high-yield plots is generally 160? 180 cm, scallion is about 80 cm long, and the structure is compact. Shandong Zhangqiu scallion, plant height 120 cm or so, scallion 50? 60 centimeters. There is also a local scallion in Zhangqiu, which is called Sycamore Onion, and its plant height can reach 100? 140 cm, the highest is 200 cm, but the scallion is short, generally 50 cm high. About 65 centimeters.

However, the plant height of short onion varieties is generally 50? 70 cm, onion 20? 30 cm, slightly spicy. For example, the chicken leg onion in Tianjin is short and stout, with a plant height of about 60 cm and an onion length of 25? 30 cm, gradually tapering upward, and slightly curved, shaped like a chicken leg. For example, Bikeqi green onion in Inner Mongolia, although the plant height can reach 95? 1 15 cm, but the length of onion is only 30? 40 centimeters. Also like Longyao green onion, also called chicken leg green onion, the plant height is 80? 100 cm, short onion, only about 25 cm.

Step 2 choose soil

Green onions should be planted in plots with fertile soil and good drainage, and should be deeply plowed and raked. Generally speaking, it is best to plant green onions in plots above 30 cm, and the ditching depth is 20? 30 cm, 20 wide? 30 cm, ridge width 70? 80 cm to facilitate future soil cultivation.

Welsh onion has a long growth period, so it is necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer, and generally apply decomposed farmyard manure for deep ploughing, so that the fertilizer and soil can be fully mixed.

3. Sowing time

The yield and quality of scallion are closely related to the planting period. In a certain time range, early sowing can significantly increase the yield. The planting period of Chinese onion should be determined according to the local climate conditions. The planting period must ensure the growth time of 130 days after planting to meet the needs of high yield and high quality and avoid the phenomenon of short and thin onions.

The planting of green onions is generally in the early June, and in the light summer, that is, in the early July. Early planting, small seedlings, slow growth, late planting and long seedlings may all cause the phenomenon of short, thin and empty onions. At the same time, the seedlings are easy to grow in white, and the weather is hot after planting, so it is not easy to delay the seedlings.

4. Cultivation depth

When planting green onions, plant them deep and bury them shallow, so as to cultivate the soil in stages in the future. Generally, the plant spacing is 1 cm, and the buried soil is about 8 cm, which is subject to the fact that the onion seedling leaves cannot be buried. Before planting, onion seedlings should be selected, and the stem diameter is about 1 cm, 3? Four leaves, 30? The seedlings are 40 cm high and have no pests and diseases.

There are two planting methods of green onions: inserting green onions and arranging green onions. The common planting method is to arrange the scallion seedlings along the steep side of the wall of the scallion ditch at specified intervals, gently press the base of the scallion seedlings into the bottom of the ditch, then take soil from the other side of the ditch with a hoe, bury it in the bifurcation of the outer leaves of the scallion seedlings, and water it along the ditch with your feet.

Planting long-onion-shaped green onions, mostly with the fibrous roots facing down, vertically inserting the green onion seedlings into the loose soil at the bottom of the ditch, with the spacing of about 5 cm and the depth as deep as the bifurcation of the outer leaves. Don't insert it too deep, then water it. The depth of onion insertion is 7? Above the sulcus of the heart lobe? 10 cm is suitable, if the seed is too deep, it will not germinate, and the growth will not be prosperous, and if the seed is too shallow, it will reduce the length of onion.

5. Strengthen cultivation management.

After planting, green onions are in semi-dormancy before autumn. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen intertillage, conserve moisture and promote roots, and the weather should not be too dry to water.

From early autumn to Millennium, plants enter the vigorous growth period of leaves, that is, from late August to late September. It is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, topdressing compound fertilizer and available nitrogen fertilizer, and covering soil, ridging and irrigation in time after topdressing.

Topdressing of green onions usually begins after cool autumn. Around beginning of autumn, green onions began to grow, and the first topdressing was mainly organic fertilizer, adding urea, and watering after application to weed. After September, when the temperature is cool and plants grow faster, topdressing should be done again. Besides topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, topdressing plant ash or calcium superphosphate should be applied, followed by deep ploughing and watering. Topdressing can be used before and after the autumnal equinox, and the fertilizer is divided into ammonium sulfate or potassium chloride. Before and after the Millennium, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ferrous sulfate on the leaves, watering with Qin Ying, and re-watering, often keeping the soil moist, can significantly enhance the compactness, sturdiness and length of green onions.

6. Joint intertillage and soil cultivation

Before the rainy season comes, the ridge should be ridged slightly above the ridge platform to prevent excessive rainwater accumulation in the planting ditch from causing root rot.

Planting green onions is an effective measure to increase the length of green onions. Four times, the first time should be shallow to raise the ground temperature, and the second time, especially the last time, should be as high as possible, but not more than the heart leaves.

Softening soil is the key measure to cultivate green onions. Green onions in dark environment can promote the elongation of green onions, store nutrients and form fat onions, which not only increases the yield of green onions, but also improves the quality of green onions. Under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water supply, soil tillage is an important measure to soften the leaf sheath and increase the length of green onion. The deeper the soil is, the longer the scallion is and the richer the tissue is. However, soil cultivation must be carried out in beginning of autumn, long summer, the Millennium and the autumnal equinox during the formation period of green onions, combined with watering and fertilization, and should be carried out after the dew is wet and the soil is cool in the morning.

If the soil temperature is too high and the humidity is too high, it is easy to cause rotten stems. In 1? When the soil is cultivated for the second time, the temperature is high and the plants grow slowly, so the soil should be cultivated shallowly. Ranked third? When the soil is cultivated for four times, the plants grow quickly and the soil can be deeply cultivated. Don't bury the heart leaves every time you cultivate the soil, and don't exceed the junction between the leaf body and the leaf sheath, so as not to affect the normal growth of green onions. Of course, special machines can also be used to cultivate green onions now.

It should be noted that the width of covering soil should not exceed one-third of the row width and the depth should not exceed one-half of the ditching depth, so as not to damage the root system and affect its development and extension. After covering the soil, pat the soil on the shoulders of the onion ridge to prevent it from stepping down after watering. Soil cultivation should be carried out when soil moisture is suitable. Too wet, easy to cause mud, too dry, soil surface hardening, not conducive to field work. Soil cultivation should be carried out in the afternoon, avoiding soil cultivation in the morning when dew is too large and humidity is high, because false stems and leaves are easy to break when humidity is high, leading to rot. Don't hurt the leaves when cultivating the soil, so as not to affect the normal photosynthesis, and the wound is easy to rot and allow bacteria to invade. In addition, the soil is generally cultivated with a big pick, which is labor intensive and inefficient. If you farm the land with animal power, you can improve your work efficiency.

7, timely harvest

The heart leaves of Chinese onion stop growing, and the soil freezes before 15? 20 days is the suitable harvest period. If the harvest is too late, the nutrients stored in the scallion will transfer downwards, and the upper part of the scallion will lose water and become soft. In order to seize the market, when harvesting in advance, because the nutrients in the green leaves are not transferred to the green onions, most of the green onions will be hollow after drying.

The harvest time of green onion depends on the cultivation form, climate conditions, market demand and growth degree of each place. Usually the temperature drops to 8? At 12℃, the growth of the outer leaves of the plant basically stopped, the leaves turned yellow-green, and the products reached the peak.

The peak of scallion yield is when the growth of tubular leaves reaches its peak. If the leaves and onions are eaten at the same time, it should also belong to the harvest period. However, as a stored dry onion, during storage, the leaves gradually wilted and the nutrients were transferred to the green onion. Finally, all the leaves dried up, leaving only scallion. Although the dry matter loss is not serious, the weight is obviously reduced, so it is unscientific to harvest green onions in winter at the peak of green onion production. Welsh onion stored in winter should be harvested after late frost and before soil freezing. At this time, most nutrients are transported to the green onions, which makes the green onions rich and reduces the phenomenon of empty stalks.

If the green onions stored in winter are harvested too early, the new leaves are still growing, the green onions are not fully grown, and the yield of dried onions is low. At the same time, due to the intense breathing, more nutrients are consumed, which makes the scallion soft and hollow and cannot be stored. When the harvest is late, the scallion is easy to lose water and become soft, which affects the yield and quality of the scallion, especially the scallion can not be frozen and rotted in the field. Therefore, an agricultural proverb says that "the first frost does not collect onions, and it is half empty."

8. Pay attention to storage

In the cold winter, the temperature of green onions drops sharply, and the stored green onions are frozen into popsicles. At this time, it is not allowed to move or rotate at will, because at this time, the water in the green onion has formed crystals. If squeezed and rubbed, cells will rupture and die. When the temperature rises, the juice in the scallion will flow out, which will lead to soft rot and deterioration of the scallion and form a hollow stalk. Therefore, agricultural proverbs often say, "green onions are afraid of moving and freezing."

In a word, green onions will be short, thin and empty for many reasons, so we should pay attention to strengthening cultivation management and paying attention to the supply of water and nutrients in the actual cultivation process in order to obtain high-quality green onions.