1999 Song of Eliminating Cold and Supplementing Qi

During the period of Puyi's small imperial court, two kinds of "99' s Cold Protection Map" were also used, which are now in the archives of "Puyi Quanzong" in the First Historical Archives of China. The topographic map of' 99 cold region is made into a "well" shape, with nine squares: each square has nine circles, and * * * is eighty-one. A circle is drawn every day, which reflects the daily weather situation in winter of' 99 through the records of yin and yang fish. According to Fu Cha Dunchong's "Yanjing Years" in Qing Dynasty, "The diagram of dispelling cold is nine squares and eighty-one circles. From the solstice of winter, it will be painted once a day, sunny and round, windy and rainy, and also in the snow. " "Kyoto customs" also has "the winter solstice day, which is called nine, or the drawing paper is eighty-one. The sentence "divide the weather into a circle every day, record the ups and downs, and call it" 99 cold current map "to explain the abundance and regret of the coming year" should refer to this schema.

But different from the record, in the upper left corner of the map, it is indicated that the drawing method of this map is: the upper surface (sunny) is cloudy with a left wind, and the middle is a right rain and snow point. According to textual research, this is consistent with the pattern drawing formula of "nine-point map" popular among Han people. The folk proverb of the Han nationality's 99-year plan to eliminate cold goes: "Cloudy turns sunny, and the left wind is foggy and snowy." The dots in the picture are dark, and the grass is outside the door. That is to say, according to the law that it is sunny above () and cloudy above () left wind () right rain () snow center (), draw a horizontal line around the circle of the day, or up, down, left and right, or add some points in the center, which is concise and clear. Also marked with different colors. Wan Yan Zuoxian recorded in the book "Examination of Kangxi Legacy Accessories" that "the sunny color is red, the cloudy color is blue, the windy color is yellow, and the snow can be left blank or filled with lead powder. After the completion of 1999, it is winter and spring, and each color is different and colorful. " [27] In this picture of dispelling cold, Puyi first drew a circle with a pencil, and in the circle, he used the pattern of yin and yang fish in ancient China to represent the weather. I'm afraid this is also a way to distinguish the imperial court from the Han people.

The diagram of yin and yang fish is composed of black and white. In a plane circle, the boundary between black and white is a fluctuating curve, which causes movement in silence, division and combination. Half is black and half is white, which constitutes the relative of yin and yang. Black symbolizes yin and white symbolizes yang. The black part has white eyes, and the white part has black eyes, which looks like a fish, hence the name Yin and Yang fish. There is white in black and black in white, which fully embodies the infinite changes of yin, yang and yin, and realizes the perfect organic combination of content and form. Therefore, it is very philosophical to use the pattern of yin and yang fish to point out the picture of eliminating cold.

In ancient China, we knew very early when it was coldest all the year round. Among the 30 solar terms listed in Guan Zi You Guan, the coldest date is set in the three solar terms of "Great Cold Coming", "Great Cold Yin" and "Great Cold Ending". Among them, 1 February 2 1 day is the coldest from February 4, which is called "Yin of Great Cold". The "sunny and cloudy days" on the map of eliminating cold not only have sunny and cloudy days, but also mean that the weather is slightly warmer and colder. During the period of Puyi's small court, he lived in seclusion in the deep palace and felt desolate and lonely. In order to get rid of loneliness, the courtiers specially compiled a song for him to dispel cold and invigorate qi (Figure 8). Every nine years, "Song of Eliminating Cold and Supplementing Qi" has a title, that is, the seven stars arch one, the left and right are in harmony, the three stars are in the house, playing their security, one door is Five Blessingg, the six rivers are right, the seven colors are Luz, the four directions pay tribute, and the ninth five-year plan is supreme. All the lyrics are recorded as follows:

At the first sound of Amitabha, the sun returned to the sun day by day. There is the wooden fish sutra of the ancient Buddha Sakyamuni, which means crossing all beings with one heart. The second sound of amitabha, the second sound of Jiuyang belongs to everything. The two immortals and the zygote agreed to recite the true scriptures and everything would be prosperous. The third sound of Amitabha, Sanjiuyang came back beaming. Fu Lushou, Samsung, Sanyang opens the sun, and auspicious people rely on God. Amitabha's fourth sound, four nine yang back to four companies. Guanyin is surrounded on all sides, and the four seasons meet naturally. Amitabha's fifth sound, five nine yang back to the sun. The five ancient buddhas are sitting in the middle, connected by five paths and five sequences, and thriving everywhere. On the sixth sound of Amitabha, Liu Jiuyang returned to the weather. The sixth ancestor from the west, Damuzi, spent ten years crossing all beings and had a great influence. On the seventh sound of Amitabha, seven suns and nine suns turned back to the spring breeze. The tanabata fairy descended to earth, Fu Lushou took an examination of Fenyang Gong, and virtuous people enjoyed their old age. Amitabha Buddha's eighth sound, eight nine yang returns to sunny and willow blue. Eight caves and eight immortals have eight kinds of treasures, all of which are for the birthday of Yaochi, and the immortals are drunk. Amitabha's ninth sound, the back of the nine-nine-yang is green everywhere. Nine planets basked in the clouds, and nine scattered with the Palace Que, and nine continents recovered. This song "Quhan Yiqi Song" consists of nine circles every nine days, which is consistent with the names of these nine songs. For example, the left and right combination diagram has four circles on the left and right, and a circle is combined below. In the three-star household map, the middle three circles and the remaining six circles form the portal glyph. Eight circles are distributed around and connected with the central circle. In addition, different from other cold-proof maps, some of them actually recorded three kinds of symbols in the circle on the same day, recording the complex situation of daily weather changes. The song of dispelling cold and benefiting qi is another form of dispelling cold. The original is 39. 1 cm long and 28 cm wide. Compared with the above-mentioned "Nine-Nine Cold Relieving Map" (Figure 7), there are two similarities except for the different painting methods and forms: First, the starting and ending time is the same, starting from the fifth day of November in the lunar calendar and ending on the 25th day of the next lunar month; Second, March 9, July 9 and September 9, the same day was recorded as a snowy day. It can be seen that these two maps record the winter of the same year. According to the words "the seventh day of the first month of the fifteenth year" in the "Cold Sun Map of the Nineteen Years" and the provisions of preferential treatment conditions after the abdication of the Qing emperor, it undoubtedly refers to "the seventh day of the first month of the fifteenth year of Xuan Tong", so it is judged that the Gregorian calendar recorded in these two pictures should be: 1922 12. The content of his lyrics, in addition to the corresponding words describing the seasonal climate every ninth order, reflects Puyi's thoughts to some extent, not only religious superstitions, but also the dream of Jiuzhou's rejuvenation.