What are the reasons for the formation of various climates?

1. Climate is the average or statistical state of the atmosphere in a certain area for many years. The understanding of the concept of climate can be compared with that of weather.

Than. Pay attention to the following two points: the first is the time scale. The time scale of weather is much shorter than that of climate. The weather changes quickly and the change period is short.

The time division of weather processes is generally short-term weather processes within 5 days, medium-term weather processes within 5~ 10 days and long-term weather processes within 10 days to 3 months.

Cheng. Climate change cycles are seasonal, interannual, decadal, centennial, millennial and tens of thousands of years. The second is statistical characteristics. The weather means

Atmospheric state (such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, etc.). ) and atmospheric phenomena (such as wind, clouds, fog, precipitation, etc. ) in a certain area in an instant or in a short time

Wait a minute. ); Climate is the synthesis of a large number of weather processes in a certain period of time, and various statistics of meteorological elements are the basic basis for expressing climate.

2. Factors of climate formation: Different regions have different climate characteristics due to different temperature and precipitation conditions, and temperature and precipitation are the main factors affecting climate.

Even solar radiation, atmospheric circulation, ground conditions and human activities will have a certain impact on the climate.

(1) As the most basic factor of climate formation, the role of solar radiation should be particularly emphasized. We can understand this problem by reviewing old knowledge-

The relationship between solar altitude angle and solar radiation intensity shows that the uneven distribution of solar radiation at different latitudes on the earth's surface makes the heat on the earth increase with the increase of solar radiation.

Latitude increases and decreases, and the division of global climate zones is basically determined by solar radiation factors.

(2) The underlying surface is the direct heat source and water source of the atmosphere. As far as the scale of underlying surface difference and its influence on climate are concerned, the difference between land and sea is the most basic.

This is related to the main influence on temperature and atmospheric humidity. In teaching, we will contact the regional geography knowledge that students have learned in junior high school and illustrate the mainland spirit with examples.

The characteristics of climate and maritime climate are summarized as follows:

Comparison between Continental Climate and Maritime Climate (Northern Hemisphere)

Climate category

diurnal temperature range

annual range of temperature

Highest temperature month

Lowest temperature month

continental

big

big

July

65438+ October

oceanity

small

small

August

February

In addition, topographic relief and surface roughness also have a direct impact on temperature and precipitation.

(3) Atmospheric circulation * * * has duality. On the one hand, it plays a direct role in controlling climate, and the complexity of climate in spatial distribution is caused by time.

The variability of exhibitions. Mainly determined by atmospheric circulation. This is because atmospheric circulation promotes heat exchange between high and low latitudes and between land and sea.

Change water. In different circulation situations, the characteristics of heat and water vapor transport and exchange are different, and there are also differences in different seasons and years, which shows that

Landing affects the climate everywhere, leading to complex and changeable climate. On the other hand, atmospheric circulation is also a climate phenomenon. An atmosphere of great climatic significance

There are many circulations, such as the planetary wind belt and the center of atmospheric activity (1, the high and low pressure on the sea level isobar in July).

Heart), some exist all the year round, and some appear in a certain season, which is the direct cause of the distribution of climate elements. Therefore, in a sense,

They are also a manifestation of global climate characteristics.

(4) Human activities have an increasing impact on the climate, including changing the atmospheric composition (for example, human activities burn fossil fuels and emit a lot of CO2；;

After 1980s, with the extensive use of refrigerators and freezers, a large number of chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and water vapor were released into the atmosphere.

Exothermic; Change the physical and biological characteristics of the earth's surface.